Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes intestinal tumorigenesis

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is expressed throughout the human gastrointestinal tract. Recently, protumorigenic activity of MIF has been described in several cancer models. Therefore, we investigated the expression and function of MIF during the early stages of intestinal tumorigenesis. METHODS: MIF messenger RNA, protein, and tautomerase activity were measured in normal intestinal mucosa and adenomas from patients with sporadic colorectal adenomas and in the adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc)Min/+ mouse model of intestinal tumorigenesis. MIF function was investigated by using VACO-235 human colorectal adenoma cells in vitro and by testing the effect of genetic deletion of Mif on ApcMin/+ mouse intestinal tumorigenesis. RESULTS: MIF expression and tautomerase activity were increased in human and ApcMin/+ mouse intestinal adenomas compared with adjacent normal mucosa. Up-regulation of MIF occurred mainly in epithelial cells (associated with an increasing grade of dysplasia), but also in stromal plasma cells. Exogenous MIF inhibited apoptosis and promoted anchorage-independent growth of VACO-235 cells (maximal at 100 ng/mL). Homozygous deletion of Mif was associated with a reduction in the number and size of ApcMin/+ mouse adenomas (P = .025 for the difference in large [>7-mm] tumors) and decreased angiogenesis (43% decrease in mean tumor microvessel density), but there was no alteration in epithelial cell apoptosis or proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: MIF expression is increased in sporadic human colorectal adenomas, and exogenous MIF drives tumorigenic behavior of epithelial cells in vitro. Mif also promotes intestinal tumorigenesis (predominantly via angiogenesis) in the ApcMin/+ mouse. Therefore, MIF is a potential colorectal cancer chemoprevention target.     

老年髋部骨折患者肌肉减少症与骨密度的关系

目的探讨老年髋部骨折患者肌肉减少症(sarcopenia)及与骨密度下降的关系。方法 113例65岁的老年髋部骨折患者(骨折组)纳入本研究,男性67例,女性46例;同期非髋部骨折老年患者1 321例作为对照组,男性654例,女性667例。所有患者均用双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)检测全身身体组成成分(骨量、肌肉含量,脂肪含量)。肌肉减少症的诊断标准:骨骼肌重量指数(SMI)(肢体骨骼肌重量/身高平方,kg/m2)低于同人种健康成年人1个标准差为1级肌肉减少症(class 1),低于2个标准差为2级肌肉减少症(class 2)。根据以上标准将受试者分为肌量正常组:男性SMI7.01 kg/m2,女性SMI5.42 kg/m2;class 1组:男性SMI 6.09~7.01 kg/m2,女性SMI 4.80~5.42 kg/m2;class2组:男性SMI≤6.08 kg/m2,女性SMI≤4.79 kg/m2。分析不同组老年髋部骨折患者肌肉减少症的检出率。结果老年髋部骨折患者肌肉减少症检出率明显高于同性别类似年龄人群:骨折组男性肌肉减少症检出率(62.6%)与对照组男性肌肉减少症检出率(12.8%)比较差异有统计学意义(P0.001),骨折组女性肌肉减少症检出率(13.0%)与非骨折组女性肌肉减少症检出率(4.1%)比较差异有统计学意义(P0.001);老年女性髋部骨折患者中肌量正常者24例(52.1%),Class 1级者16例(34.7%),Class 2级者6例(13.0%);骨骼肌重量指数与股骨颈骨密度和全身骨密度呈正相关。老年男性髋部骨折患者中肌量正常者9例(13.4%),Class 1级者16例(23.8%),Class 2级者42例(62.6%),骨骼肌重量指数与BMI呈正相关,与年龄呈负相关。结论老年髋部骨折患者肌肉减少症检出率明显高于同龄非骨折者,男性肌少症检出率高于女性。老年女性髋部骨折患者的骨骼肌重量指数与股骨颈和全身骨密度呈正相关,老年男性髋部骨折患者骨骼肌重量指数则与骨密度无明显相关性。应关注骨折患者肌肉减少症的防治。     

2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝与骨密度的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者合并非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)与骨密度(BMD)的相关性。方法筛选T2DM患者119例,依据B超结果分为2组:T2DM组(62例),T2DM合并NAFLD组(57例)。测定正位腰椎2-4(L2-4)、左侧股骨颈、Ward's三角、大粗隆及左前臂骨密度,行肝脏彩超及血糖、血脂、空腹C肽、肝肾功能、尿微量白蛋白检测,测量身高、体重等。结果 T2DM合并NAFLD组患者体重指数、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、空腹C肽、谷氨酰转酞酶、尿酸、尿微量蛋白均高于T2DM组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);左股骨颈、Ward's三角和左前臂骨密度值低于T2DM组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。T2DM合并NAFLD与年龄、病程、左侧股骨和左前臂骨密度呈负相关(均P0.05),与体重指数、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、空腹C肽、尿微量蛋白呈正相关。左侧股骨颈骨密度值与年龄、病程、血糖、糖化血红蛋白A1C、总胆固醇呈负相关(均P0.05),与体重指数、高密度脂蛋白、肌酐呈正相关(P0.05)。体重指数、三酰甘油、尿酸与NAFLD独立相关(P0.05)。结论 T2DM合并NAFLD患者骨密度水平低于单纯2型糖尿病患者,二者有相关性。体重指数、空腹C肽、血脂是影响T2DM合并NAFLD患者骨密度水平的因素。     

老年ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者入院时高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平对出院后不良心血管事件的影响研究

目的：探讨分析老年ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者入院时高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平对出院后心血管不良事件发生情况的影响。
　　方法：选取我院于2010-04至2012-07收治的325例老年STEMI患者,根据患者的HDL-C水平将其分为HDL-C高组（139例）与HDL-C低组（186例）。对比分析两组患者基线资料、临床资料、在院期间所接受的治疗、死亡情况、随访期间药物使用情况及不良心血管事件发生情况。
　　结果：HDL-C低组入院后接受再灌注治疗的比例高于HDL-C高组（P<0.05）,其中HDL-C低组紧急PCI的比例高于HDL-C高组（P<0.05）;随访6个月及随访1年中,HDL-C高组患者β受体阻滞剂的使用率均低于HDL-C低组（P<0.05）;HDL-C高组随访6个月及1年内非致死性心肌梗死、不良心血管事件发生率及因不良心血管事件再次入院的比例均低于HDL-C低组（P<0.05）;Cox风险回归分析的结果显示低HDL-C水平[危险比（HR）=0.558,P=0.024）],糖尿病（HR=1.528 P=0.040）是STEMI患者出院后发生不良心血管事件的危险因素,而紧急经皮冠状动脉介入治疗[PCI, HR=0.471,P=0.001）]是保护因素。
　　结论：入院时HDL-C水平低的STEMI患者出院后发生不良心血管事件的风险更高。     

老年男性骨代谢生化指标和骨密度的关系

目的 评估老年男性骨代谢生化指标和骨质疏松的关系.方法 97例老年男性,双能X线测量骨密度,根据测定的T score值将入组患者分为正常对照组(n=32)、骨量减少组(n=30)和骨质疏松组(n=35),同时测定血抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRACP5b)、骨源性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、25-羟维生素D等水平.结果 骨量减低...     

绝经前、后女性骨代谢指标与白介素-1β受体拮抗剂的关系

目的探讨白介素-1β及其受体拈抗剂在绝经后女性骨代谢中的作用。方法选择绝经后女性128名,绝经前女性47名。用酶联免疫法测定受试者血清白介素-1β（IL-1β）、IL-1受体拮抗剂（IL-1Ra）、血清骨钙素（BGP）、尿I型胶原C末端肽（CTX）水平。用放射免疫法测定总雌二醇（E2）。结果绝经后女性组受试者L24、股骨颈、大转子的骨密度、E2、IL-1Ra／IL-1β比值和BGP较绝经前女性低,但CTX较高。L24、股骨颈骨密度、BGP与IL-1Ra／IL-1β旱正相关（r=0．709、r=0．801、r=0．729,P=0．023、P=0．021、P=0．005）。L24、股骨颈、大转子骨密度与IL-1β负相关（r=-0．855、r=-0．921、r=-0．725,P=0．002;P=0．005、P=0．024）。CTX与IL-1Ra／IL-1β负相关、与IL-1β正相关（r=-0．774,P=0．037;r=-901,P=0．036）。IL-1Ra与IL-1β正相关（r=0．981,P=0．005）。L24、大转子骨密度、BGP与E2正相关（r=0．664、r=0．700、r=0．621,P=0．012、P=0．003、P=0．009）。IL-1Ra、IL-1Ra／IL-1β与E2正相关（r=0．874,P=0．004;r=0．802,P=0．024）。结论绝经后女性骨代谢处于高分解、低合成的负平衡状态,性激素水平降低影响IL-1Ra与IL-1β的平衡可能起重要作用。     

大鼠去卵巢后不同时期骨微结构和力学性能的变化特征

目的揭示大鼠在去卵巢后不同时期腰椎松质骨微结构退变的变化特征,探讨骨整体力学性能下降的同时可能存在的各种适应性代偿性变化。方法50只7月龄SD大鼠随机分为基线、去卵巢组（OVX组）和假手术组（SHAM）。基线组10只,其余每组均20只。实验开始时先将基线组10只处死,OVX组和SHAM组分别在手术后3周、15周各处死10只,留取动脉血清及腰椎标本,骨微结构、力学和生化指标的测定。结果去卵巢后3周时OVX组表观骨密度、骨体积分数、骨小梁厚度和骨小梁数量均较SHAM和基线降低（P〈0．05）,各向异性度较基线下降（P〈0．05）而与SHAM组无统计学差异。骨小梁面积密度、骨小梁间隔和结构模型指数均较SHAM和基线组增加（P〈0．05）。去卵巢后3周时OVX组最大应力、弹性模量、血清TRAP-5b和骨细胞密度均低于基线（P〈0．05）而与SHAM组无统计学差异。去卵巢后15周时OVX组表观骨密度、骨体积分数、骨小梁数量和联接密度、最大应力、TRAP-Sb和骨细胞密度均较SHAM和基线组降低（P〈0.05）,骨小梁结构模型指数、骨小梁间隔和各向异性度均较SHAM和基线组增加（P〈0．05）,骨小梁面积密度和厚度均与SHAM和基线组无统计学差异。结论大鼠去卵巢后腰椎骨量快速丢失,骨微结构逐渐退变,而血清TRAP-5b水平下降及骨细胞密度、骨小梁各向异性度和厚度的适应性增加,可能在一定程度上代偿骨力学性能的下降,有利于维持骨结构的完整性。     

The frequency of low bone mineral density and its associated risk factors in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

Objective: To detect the frequency and the predictive factors of low bone mineral density in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, so as to optimize bone mineral density (BMD) monitoring and treatment for those at risk. Subjects and methods: Thirty Asian patients were included in this study and were divided into 18 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 12 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). All patients were diagnosed by colonoscopy and histopathological biopsy and were subjected to routine laboratory investigations in addition to 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels as well as serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatise. BMD was measured by using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan at lumbar spine and femoral neck; predictive factors for BMD were analyzed by group comparison and step‐wise regression analysis. Results: There was increased frequency of osteoporosis and osteopenia involving the lumbar spine in patients with IBD being more common among CD patients than in the UC group. Positive correlations were found between low BMD measurements and vitamin D levels, body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.001) as well as steroid cumulative dose and duration of therapy (P < 0.001); stepwise regression analysis showed that CD and vitamin D deficiency are predictive factors for both osteoporosis and osteopenia (P = 0.024, P = 0.027, respectively). Conclusion: Low BMD was found to be more frequent among patients with CD than UC; in addition CD and vitamin D deficiency act as predictive factors for low BMD. We recommend that calcium and vitamin D should be given to all IBD patients; in addition, bisphosphonate administration should be put into consideration.     

老年骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者行椎体成形术后服用补肾健骨汤的临床疗效观察

目的 观察椎体成形术后服用补肾健骨汤治疗老年骨质疏松性压缩骨折(OVCF)的疗效,以及对患者骨密度和腰椎功能的影响.方法 选取2019年1月1日-2019年12月31日在北京中医药大学房山医院接受椎体形成术治疗的OVCF患者56例,通过随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,每组28例.两组术后均进行常规治疗,观察组在术后3d...