Breast cancer, the most common cancer among women, is a heterogeneous and complex disease, which detail of its precise progression mechanisms is less understood. So, an improved comprehension of the precise molecular mechanisms leading to disease progression and design of effective targeted therapies are required for patients with breast cancer. MicroRNAs demonstrate an uncovered class of small and endogenous non-coding RNAs and play an important role in the normal biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Some miRNAs, known as oncomiR, show different expression levels in cancer and are capable to effect on cellular transformation, carcinogenesis and metastasis and are characterized by high expression levels in tumors compared to normal tissues. Therefore, oncomiRs can be considered as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in different types of cancers. Moreover, the utilization of oncomiRs as therapeutic targets for cancer is promising. Accordingly, there is evidence which implies an important role of various oncogenic microRNAs in immunopathogenesis of breast cancer. In this review we will discuss about the role of various oncomiRs such as miR-21, miR-155, miR-10b, and miR-221/222 in the pathogenesis and treatment of breast cancer. 相似文献
Investigations into the role of microRNA (miRNA) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, disease pathogenesis and host immune and treatment response have potential to produce innovations in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. However, investigational challenges remain in generating clinically useful and reproducible results. We review the literature with a primary emphasis on methods and technologies used to construct our current understanding of miRNA and HCV disease. A second emphasis is to understand potential clinical research applications and provide clarification of previous study results. Many miRNA have key roles in viral and immunopathogenesis of HCV infection across multiple tissue compartments. Controversy exists among published studies regarding relative measurements, temporal changes and biological significance of specific miRNA and HCV infection. To reconcile diverging data, additional research into optimal sample processing, in vitro models, techniques for microarray differential expression of miRNAs, practices for sample result normalization, and effect of HCV genotype variation on expression are all necessary. Microarray and miRNA isolation techniques should be selected based on ability to generate reproducible results in the sample type of interest. More direct comparisons of efficacy and reliability of various multiplex microarrays and an improved consensus around miRNA normalization and quantitation are necessary so that data can be compared across studies. 相似文献
BackgroundHigh levels of interleukin 17 are expressed in active Behcet’s disease (BD) patients. High miRNA-499 relative expression is known to be associated with vascular manifestations and aneurysms in BD.Aim of the workTo detect miRNA-499 relative expression and interleukin 17 serum levels in BD patients and find their association to clinical characteristics and disease activity.Patients and methodsBlood samples were obtained from 40 Egyptian BD patients and 40 matched controls. The BD current activity form (BDCAF) was estimated. Relative expression of miRNA-499 was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum IL-17 was also measured in by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 34.4 ± 10.9 years, disease duration was 8.9 ± 0.8 years and age at onset was 25.5 ± 7.2 years and they were 33 males and 7 females. All patients had oral ulcers, 85% had genital ulcers and 75% had ocular manifestations. The mean BDCAF was 1.54 ± 1.78. Levels of miRNA-499 relative expression were significantly higher in BD cases versus controls (4.2 ± 2.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.3ΔΔCt respectively; p < 0.001). Levels of IL 17 were significantly higher in BD cases versus controls (86.9 ± 31.2 vs. 34.7 ± 4.4 pg/ml respectively; p < 0.001). There was a non-significant correlation between miRNA and IL 17 in patients (r = −0.06, p < 0.71). IL17 was significantly associated only with the occurrence of arthritis (p = 0.03). There was no significant association between miRNA-499 or IL-17 with the BDCAF (r = 0.22, p = 0.12 and r = −0.002, p = 0.99; respectively).ConclusionMicro RNA-499 relative expression and IL17 levels were significantly higher in BD patients compared to the controls. 相似文献
Introduction: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a severe adverse drug reaction which is of major concern to patients, clinicians and the pharmaceutical industry. Accurate and rapid detection of DILI is important for patient stratification and treatment in the clinic and benefits preclinical drug design and risk assessment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) offer a potential new and improved class of circulating biomarkers of DILI over the current gold standard biomarkers.
Areas covered: This review highlights the shortcomings of the currently used panel of biomarkers and how miRNAs, primarily miR-122, show an improved level of specificity and sensitivity in the prediction of DILI. Furthermore, the use of miRNAs as potential markers of progression of DILI and specific zonated damage within the liver is discussed.
Expert commentary: MiRNAs offer more sensitive and specific markers over the current biomarkers for DILI. Combinations of different miRNAs may be able to relay the location of DILI and the progression of disease. More studies using different hepatotoxins apart from acetaminophen will ultimately strengthen the case for the clinical introduction of miRNAs as biomarkers of DILI. 相似文献
Background and aimsType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has high risk of developing cardiac dysfunction, increasing of either cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure. MicroRNAs (miRNA) affect cardiac function of T2DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between five miRNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and diastolic and systolic function of T2DM.Methods and resultsThree hundred untreated T2DM subjects were included. Each subject underwent SNP genotyping, conventional echocardiography, tissue doppler imaging, and speckle tracking imaging. The effects of miRNA SNPs on diastolic and systolic function were evaluated. The diastolic function of T2DM subjects with miR-133a-1-rs8089787 wild genotype or let-7f-rs10877887 variant genotype was lower than those with miR-133a-1-rs8089787 variant genotype or let-7f-rs10877887 wild genotype, manifesting as higher left atrial volume index, lower mean E′, and higher E/E’ (P < 0.05). There were no significant effects of miR-133a-2-rs13040413, let-7a-1-rs13293512 and miR-27a-rs895819 on the diastolic function of T2DM subjects (P > 0.05). These five miRNA SNPs had no effect on the systolic function of T2DM subjects (P > 0.05).ConclusionsMiRNA-133a-1-rs8089787 and let-7f-rs10877887 were associated with impaired cardiac diastolic function in T2DM. The findings may be a promising therapeutic targets for preventing diastolic dysfunction in T2DM. 相似文献