TACE术联合体部伽玛刀序贯治疗中晚期肝癌临床研究

目的：研究肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）术联合体部伽马刀治疗原发性肝癌（PHC）的疗效。方法：对已确诊的中晚期原发性肝癌106例分为A、B、c三组，行TACE治疗组（A组）36例，行TACE1—3次，单纯伽马刀治疗组（B组）38例，TACE联合伽马刀序贯治疗组32例（c组）。结果：单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞36例共序贯治疗68次，TACE术联合伽马刀序贯治疗组32例（C组）中32次放射＋介入治疗39次。单纯行TACE治疗组完全缓解率CR2．6％，部分缓解率PR44％，CR＋PR46．6％；单纯伽马刀治疗组38例，完全缓解率CR3．8％，部分缓解率PR53．6％，CR＋PR57．4％，TACE术联合伽马刀序贯治疗组共32例，完全缓解率CR7．6％，部分缓解率PR52％，CR＋PR59．6％。结论：行肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE术）联合体部伽马刀对不能手术的原发性肝癌进行治疗是目前疗效较好的局部治疗方式，并不增加不良反应，可使肿瘤局部得到准确的高剂量照射，又避免了周围正常组织的损伤，副作用少而轻微。     

Y型留置针单手置管法在桡动脉穿刺中的应用

目的探讨Y型留置针单手置管法应用于桡动脉穿刺中的优势。方法选择150例需行有创动脉监测的危重疑难患者,分为三组各50例。试验组(T组)采用Y型留置针单手置管法,对照组(M组)采用Y型留置针传统操作法,对照组(N组)采用动脉留置针传统操作法。观察每组操作一次性成功率以及操作过程中是否有血液溢出造成血液污染。结果一次穿刺成功率T组明显高于M、N组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血液污染例数T、M组明显少于N组(P<0.05)。结论 Y型留置针单手置管法用于桡动脉穿刺可以提高一次性穿刺成功率,并且可以减少由血液溢出管道造成的血液污染。     

两种自制导线缝扎针在腹腔镜小儿腹股沟疝手术中的应用

目的 探讨自制双孔导线针在腹腔镜小儿腹股沟疝手术中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2006年4月-2010年6月行腹腔镜小儿腹股沟疝手术655例患儿的临床资料.单孔针手术组452例,双孔针手术组203例,将两组患儿术中、术后资料进行对比分析.结果 单孔针组手术时间(17.7±3.5)min;术中出血(5.4±1.3)mL,...     

Capsular intravascular endothelial hyperplasia: a peculiar form of vasoproliferative lesion associated with thyroid carcinoma

AIMS: Florid vasoproliferative processes are uncommon in the thyroid gland. We report three cases of an unusual vasoproliferation involving the capsular blood vessels of thyroid carcinoma. METHODS AND RESULTS: The histological diagnoses of the three cases were made on conventional histological sections. Two cases were minimally invasive follicular carcinomas and one case was an encapsulated variant of papillary carcinoma. Some blood vessels in the tumour fibrous capsule were filled with spindly cellular proliferations forming irregular vascular clefts and papillae. Immunohistochemical studies for CD31, CD34 and muscle-specific actin confirmed that the spindly cells were mostly endothelial cells variably supported by pericytes. CONCLUSION: This peculiar intravascular endothelial hyperplasia by itself should not be mistaken for vascular invasion by tumour, but evidence of malignancy must be diligently sought by extensive sampling because the lesion has thus far been consistently associated with malignant thyroid neoplasms.     

Analysis of histological features in needle core biopsy of breast useful in preoperative distinction between fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumour

Morgan J M, Douglas‐Jones A G & Gupta S K
(2010) Histopathology 56 , 489–500 Analysis of histological features in needle core biopsy of breast useful in preoperative distinction between fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumour Aims: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) has been replaced by Needle core biopsy (NCB) as the pathological investigation of choice in pre‐operative diagnosis of breast lesions. Despite the greater yield of material with spatial information, the distinction between fibroepithelial lesions of the breast, fibroadenoma (FA) and benign phyllodes tumour (PT), remains problematic. The aim of this study was to confirm a set of histological features which may assist in the pre‐operative distinction between FA and PT on NCB and to explore novel strategies to refine the analysis of the data. Methods: Previously defined histological criteria were applied to 112 NCBs of fibroepithelial lesions of the breast. Contingency tables for frequency analysis, logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and linear discriminant analysis were used. Results: Frequency analysis identifying significant differences agreed with published data. Correct categorisation was possible in 95% of cases using logistic regression analysis (age and mitotic index) and in 94% using discriminant analysis (age, mitoses and %stroma). ROC analysis identified cut off values (between FA and PT) for age (50–55 years), %stroma (85–90) and mitoses (≥1/2.2 mm²). Conclusion: The results confirm previously published observations and provide novel putative predictive tools, to be tested prospectively.     

An economic analysis of the cost of survival of micro preemies: A systematic review

ObjectiveThis study aimed to systematically review the current literature on the economic costs of micro preemie as well as evidence on the cost-effectiveness of interventions to improve outcomes for micro preemie babies with a birth weight of ≤500 g.MethodWe searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, ECONLIT, Business Source Premier and Cochrane Library for studies reporting costs of micro preemie from January 2000. Costs were inflated to 2019 United States dollars (US$). All full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and a quality assessment of included articles was conducted using the Drummond and the Larg and Moss checklists.ResultsThe search identified three studies that met the inclusion criteria; two cost-of-illness studies and one cost-effectiveness study. Across studies, the mean healthcare spending per micro preemie survivor (in 2019 US$) ranged from US$61,310 (birth admission) to US$263,958 (inpatient and outpatient for the first six months of life). One modelling study reported exclusive human milk diet for micro preemies at birth was more cost-effective compared to the standard approach with cow milk diet from the third-party payer and societal perspectives.ConclusionDespite significant advances in perinatal care and expanded access to life-saving equipment to improve survival outcomes of micro preemie, there remains a paucity of research on economic costs associated with these babies. No study has utilised quality-adjusted life-years as an outcome measure. Given the chronic conditions and long-term neurologic disability associated with micro preemie survivors, an estimate of the lifetime cost to the individual, healthcare providers and society would provide a benchmark of the potential cost-savings that could accrue from cost-effective interventions to improve the survival rate of micro preemies.