CT引导下肺内病变穿刺活检技术的探讨

目的:探讨在CT导向肺内病变穿刺技术中CT准确定位、正确取材方法对诊断准确率的影响。方法:搜集CT导向肺内病变穿刺活检的CT资料71例,按术者操作方法不同分成3组:平静浅短呼吸组,直接屏气组和深吸气后屏气组,进行回顾性分析。结果:①平静浅短呼吸组:36例,诊断准确率94.4%(34C36),气胸发生率8.3%(3C36),穿刺取材次数为1次;②直接屏气组:31例,诊断准确率为83.9%(26C31),气胸发生率为5%(6C31),穿刺活检次数为2～3次;③深吸气后屏气组:4例,诊断准确率为50%(2C4),气胸发生率为75%(3C4),穿刺活检次数为2～4次;④并发症:主要为气胸,发生率16.9%(12C71),未出现咯血、空气栓塞等并发症。结论:CT准确定位、取材方法正确对提高CT导向肺内病变穿刺活检技术的诊断准确率,减少并发症的发生有重要的临床意义。     

甲状腺结节的良恶性鉴别诊断方法

通过对以往有关甲状腺结节诊断的文献的复习,探讨各种方法对鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性的价值,总结甲状腺结节的良恶性鉴别诊断方法。     

前列腺特异抗原＜4μg/L前列腺癌经直肠超声引导穿刺活检的临床研究

目的 评价经直肠超声(TRUS)引导下前列腺穿刺活检对前列腺特异抗原(PSA)＜4μg/L前列腺癌(PCA)诊断的临床价值,借以探讨提高PSA＜4μg/L的PCA诊断率的方法.方法 选取59例PSA＜4μg/L怀疑PCA的患者进行TRUS引导下前列腺多点穿刺活检.分析其TRUS声像图特点尤其对前列腺内结节声像特点进行总结,并比较PCA与非PCA组患者间的PSA、前列腺特异抗原密度(PSAD)、前列腺游离抗原与总前列腺抗原比值(F/T)、前列腺体积(PV),进一步分析PSAD、F/T的各阈值范围内对PCA诊断的敏感性及特异性.结果 59例受检者中经病理证实PCA 16例,检出率为27%,12例PCA患者声像图检查显示前列腺结节性病变,均分布于外腺,且血流增加较良性病变及癌前病变高.PCA组与非PCA组间的PSA、PSAD、F/T、PV差异均有统计学意义.将PSAD阈值设为0.09μg/L2时有较高的敏感性及特异性,F/T值设为0.20时有较高的敏感性及特异性,但不及PSAD有优势.结论 TRUS前列腺穿刺活检是确诊PSA＜4 μg/L PCA的最有效方法之一,结合TRUS声像图特点及PSA修正方法可进一步提高PCA的检出率.     

针刺奇穴结合辨证选穴治疗脑卒中后便秘

目的 观察针刺奇穴结合辨证选穴治疗脑卒中后便秘患者的临床疗效.方法 将脑卒中后便秘患者74例随机分为观察组和对照组各37例.观察组采用针刺治疗,每日1次,连续治疗10 d;对照组采用乳果糖口服溶液治疗,每日25 mL,早餐时一次口服,连续服用10 d.比较2组患者首次排便时间(首次治疗结束后至首次排便所需要的时间)、便...     

海藻酸钙微胶珠的载药性能优化

利用高压静电法制备了海藻酸钙微胶珠,以牛血红蛋白作为模型药物,考察了牛血红蛋白（Hb）的稳定性、制备条件对微胶珠载药的影响。结果表明：Hb在10℃下能稳定存在,1．8％（w／v）Na-Alg与4．5％（w／v）CaCl2制备的微胶珠载药量较大,真空干燥的微胶殊彼此粘连破坏严重,冷冻干燥则表面出现明显的内陷,乙醇梯度洗脱-真空干燥球形度较好。水凝胶态的微胶珠载药后球形度完好,是理想的载药方式,24h时载药量达28．4％,为干燥后的2～3倍。     

显微共聚焦拉曼技术在细菌分类鉴定中的应用

拉曼光谱可以用于识别和描述微生物的特征,作为当今微生物分类鉴定研究的热点.相比于传统的微生物分离培养技术和分子生物学鉴定技术,拉曼技术具有免培养、快速和高效等优点.随着光学领域拉曼技术和分子生物学的结合发展,使得微生物的鉴定变得更加高效快捷.拉曼显微光谱结合稳定同位素探针、荧光原位杂交和光镊技术,为研究生态系统中不可培...     

Filiform needle acupuncture for allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Filiform needle acupuncture(FNA), the most classical and widely applied acupuncture method based on traditional Chinese medicine theory, has shown a promising effect in the treatment of allergic rhinitis(AR).Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, cost-effectiveness, and patient preference of FNA in the treatment of AR by comparing FNA with sham acupuncture, no treatment, and conventional medication.Search strategy: Eight electronic databases were systematically searched from in...     

注射器不同位置放置时胰岛素微量注射过程中的浓度测定

目的 探讨注射器不同位置放置时微量注射胰岛素(Regular Insulin,RI)稀释液过程中的浓度变化,以指导三升袋输注过程中合理使用RI.方法 20 ml注射器抽取RU稀释液20 ml,其中含19.5 ml的5%葡萄糖,0.5 ml的砌20 U.根据注射器水平和垂直放置以及乳头位置的不同将试验分为3组,泵速4 U/h,分别于注射前、注射后1 h、2 h、3 h、4 h分别取样1 ml,使用电化学发光分析仪测定RI浓度.结果 微量注射泵在3种位置5个时间段注射RI溶液的浓度变化值为:33.3±2.7mU/L,35.0±3.5 mU/L,38.3±4.6 mU/L,38.4±3.6 mU/L,36.1±3.9 mU/L,5组之间方差分析无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论 用微量注射泵注射RI稀释液的过程中浓度较稳定,配合3 L袋输液能够减少m浓度变化对于血糖的影响.     

Histological alterations following fine-needle aspiration for parathyroid adenoma: Incidence and diagnostic problems

This study aimed to clarify the histological alterations following fine-needle aspiration for parathyroid adenoma and discuss the occurrence of diagnostic problems. Among the 392 patients with parathyroid adenoma who underwent resection, fine-needle aspiration was performed for 21 (5.1%) parathyroid adenoma nodules. Histological findings that were significantly more frequent in cases that underwent fine-needle aspiration were considered histological alterations following fine-needle aspiration for parathyroid adenoma, including the following six findings: thick fibrous capsule (71.4%), multilayered fibrous capsules (14.3%), capsular pseudo-invasion (42.9%), fibrous bands (57.1%), hemosiderin deposition (14.3%), and tumor implantation (14.3%). Eighteen parathyroid adenoma nodules (85.7%) exhibited one or more of the six findings. Tumor cells and adipocytes entrapped within the thick fibrous capsule were occasionally observed. The fibrous bands were frequently connected to the thick fibrous capsule. The number of passes, duration between fine-needle aspiration and resection, tumor size, and purpose of fine-needle aspiration were not related to the incidence of histological findings. Because of the histological alterations following fine-needle aspiration for parathyroid adenoma that can be easily mistaken for signs of atypical adenoma or parathyroid carcinoma, we recommend that the six findings be excluded from pathological findings indicating atypical adenoma or parathyroid carcinoma in patients with preoperative fine-needle aspiration.