Methylene blue inhibits hippocampal nitric oxide synthase activity in vivo

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of methylene blue, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, on the hippocampal nitric oxide synthase activity in vivo. We used a microdialysis-based technique of measuring conversion of [3H]l-arginine to [3H]l-citrulline in freely moving rats. The administration of methylene blue (0.1 and 1 mM) via the microdialysis probe caused a dose-dependent decrease in [3H]l-citrulline efflux comparable with the effect of unselective NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (2 mM). We conclude that methylene blue inhibits brain NOS activity in vivo and thus interferes with NO-cGMP cascade in different levels.     

Electroactive controlled release thin films

We present the fabrication of nanoscale electroactive thin films that can be engineered to undergo remotely controlled dissolution in the presence of a small applied voltage (+1.25 V) to release precise quantities of chemical agents. These films, which are assembled by using a nontoxic, FDA-approved, electroactive material known as Prussian Blue, are stable enough to release a fraction of their contents after the application of a voltage and then to restabilize upon its removal. As a result, it is possible to externally trigger agent release, exert control over the relative quantity of agents released from a film, and release multiple doses from one or more films in a single solution. These electroactive systems may be rapidly and conformally coated onto a wide range of substrates without regard to size, shape, or chemical composition, and as such they may find use in a host of new applications in drug delivery as well as the related fields of tissue engineering, medical diagnostics, and chemical detection.     

罗哌卡因、亚甲蓝神经阻滞联合自控镇痛用于胸部恶性肿瘤手术的效果评估

目的：评估罗哌卡因、亚甲蓝神经阻滞联合自控镇痛在胸部恶性肿瘤手术镇痛中的应用价值。方法选取西安交通大学第一附属医院80例择期行胸部手术治疗的恶性肿瘤患者作为研究对象,按麻醉方式不同分为观察组与对照组,每组40例。两组术后均采用地佐辛自控镇痛,观察组术前加用罗哌卡因、亚甲蓝神经阻滞处理,比较两组麻醉前10 min、术后0.5、6、12、24 h不同时间点心率( HR)、血压( BP)的变化情况,苏醒时间,术后1 d地佐辛使用量,术后寒战、呕吐、呼吸抑制等不良反应发生情况。结果麻醉前10 min、术后24 h两组收缩压( SBP )、舒张压(DBP)、HR差异比较无统计学意义(P>0．05),观察组术后0．5、6、12 h SBP和HR低于对照组(P<0．05),SBP高于对照组(P<0．05);观察组术后苏醒时间短于对照组(P<0．05),术后24 h地佐辛用量少于对照组(P<0．05),按压次数少于对照组(P<0.05);观察组视觉模拟(VAS)评分,术后即刻、术后12 h均低于对照组(P<0．05);观察组术后总不良反应发生率为12.5%,低于对照组的45.0%(P<0．05)。结论罗哌卡因、亚甲蓝神经阻滞联合自控镇痛用于胸部恶性肿瘤手术,镇痛效果好,血流动力学稳定,安全性高,临床应用价值高。     

银杏叶、蓝莓提取物与复合营养素对老龄大鼠学习记忆及抗氧化功能的影响

目的 观察银杏叶、蓝莓提取物与复合营养素对老龄大鼠学习记忆功能及抗氧化能力的影响.方法 15月龄Wistar大鼠20只,随机分为对照组和干预组,每组10只,雌雄各半.对照组和干预组大鼠分别饲喂基础饲料及添加复合营养素的自制饲料,同时灌胃蒸馏水或植物提取物混合液.灌胃剂量为4ml·kg-1·d-1,实验期10周,干预结束后采用水迷宫实验检测大鼠的学习记忆功能.然后处死动物.荧光法测定血清维生素E含量;紫外可见分光光度法测定血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、抑制羟自由基能力;全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性采用DTNB法测定.结果 干预组老龄大鼠水迷宫实验训练期及检测期逃避潜伏期[分别为(7.74±1.84)s,(6.85±0.82)s]均低于对照组[分别为(10.14±2.05)s,(9.92±2.30)s],差异具有显著性(t=4.506,t=4.300,P＜0.05).干预组老龄大鼠血清VitE含量[(16.22 ±5.03)μg/ml]高于对照组[(7.52±4.24)μg/ml],差异具有显著性(t=6.058,P＜0.05).干预组老龄大鼠血清T-AOC、GSH-Px活性[分别为(13.01±9.36)U/ml,(47.27±8.60)活力单位]高于对照组[(6.51±1.39)U/ml,(33.48 ±3.19)活力单位],差异具有显著性(t=4.113,t=7.679,P＜0.05).与对照组比较,干预组老龄大鼠的学习记忆功能得到改善;血清维生素E含量增加;T-AOC、抑制羟自由基能力提高;GSH-Px活性升高.结论 银杏叶、蓝莓提取物与复合营养素对老龄大鼠的学习记忆功能有改善作用,其作用途径可能与提高抗氧化防御系统功能有关.     

蓝光治疗新生儿黄疸的效果研究

目的探讨蓝光治疗新生儿黄疸的临床效果遥方法选取我院2016 年4 月~2017 年4 月收治的新生儿黄疸患者72 例作 为本次研究对象,采用电脑随机的方式,分成对照组与研究组各36 例,对照组采用常规治疗方案,研究组在常规治疗基础之上 采用蓝光治疗,观察两组患者临床疗效以及不良反应发生率遥结果研究组临床疗效为91.67%曰常规组临床疗效为72.22%曰组 间疗效对比,存在差异（<0.05）,具有统计学意义遥比较两组不良反应发生率,研究组为11.11%,对照组为22.22%,组间比较存 在统计学意义（<0.05）遥结论新生儿黄疸采用蓝光治疗,疗效显著,不良反应发生率低,具备临床应用价值遥     

The Alterations in Methylene Blue/Light-Treated Frozen Plasma Proteins Revealed by Proteomics

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the modified proteins in methylene blue/light-treated frozen plasma (MB-FP) compared with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in order to gain a better application of MB/light-treated plasma in clinic transfusion.MethodsMB-FP and FFP were collected from Changchun central blood station, and a trichloroacetic acid/acetone precipitation method was used to remove albumin for the enrichment of lower abundance proteins. The plasma protein in MB-FP and FFP were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and the differentially expressed protein spots were analyzed using mass spectrometry. Finally, the differentially expressed proteins were tested using Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsApproximately 14 differentially expressed protein spots were detected in the MB-FP, and FFP was chosen as the control. After 2-DE comparison analysis and mass spectrometry, 8 significantly differentially expressed protein spots were identified, corresponding to 6 different proteins, including complement C1r subcomponent (C1R), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (ITI-H4), keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1 (KRT1), hemopexin (HPX), fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG), and transthyretin (TTR). Western blot showed no significant difference in the expression level of KRT1 between MB-FP and FFP (p > 0.05). Both Western blot and ELISA indicated that the level of HPX was significantly higher in FFP than in MB-FP (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis comparative proteomics study revealed that some significantly modified proteins occur in MB-FP, such as C1R, ITI-H4, KRT1, HPX, FGG, and TTR. Our findings provide more theoretical data for using MB-FP in transfusion medicine. However, the relevance of the data for the transfusion of methylene blue/light-treated plasma remains unclear. The exact modification of these proteins and the effects of these modified proteins on their functions and their effects in clinical plasma infusion need to be further studied.     

Kinetic and pharmacological properties of Ca currents in postganglionic sympathetic neurones projecting to muscular and cutaneous effectors

Voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels are expressed in neurones and greatly influence neuronal activity by activating Ca²⁺-dependent K⁺ channels. The whole cell patch-clamp technique was used to compare the kinetic and pharmacological properties of voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ currents in two groups of sympathetic neurones identified by the fluorescent tracer Fast Blue: putative muscular sympathetic neurones (MSN) and putative cutaneous sympathetic neurones (CSN). The tracer was injected into the muscular part of the diaphragm (to mark MSN) and into the skin of the ear (to mark CSN). The capacitance of MSN (23.0 pF) was larger than the capacitance of CSN (12.6 pF). The maximum current in MSN (1.3 nA) was also larger than in CSN (0.93 nA). However, the current density was larger in CSN (77.3 pA/pF) than in MSN (57.7 pA/pF) and the current activation rate was faster in CSN (0.27 nA/ms) than in MSN (0.19 nA/ms). V_1/2 and slope factors of activation and inactivation were not significantly different for MSN and CSN. The majority of Ca²⁺ current was available for activation in both categories of neurones at resting membrane potential. Ca²⁺ currents in MSN and CSN were blocked by nifedipine (7.0 and 3.6%, respectively), ω-Agatoxin-IVA (23.0 and 25.6%, respectively) and ω-conotoxin-GVIA (67.0 and 65.1%, respectively). We found that CSN are twice as small, have higher Ca²⁺ current density and their Ca²⁺ activation rate is faster in comparison to MSN. Such properties may lead to faster rise of Ca²⁺ concentration in the cytoplasm of the CSN comparing to MSN and more effectively dampen their activity due to more effective activation of Ca²⁺-dependent K⁺ current. Both kinds of neurones express high proportion of N and P/Q Ca²⁺ current.     

The Effect of Brilliant Blue-Based Plaque-Staining Agents on Aesthetic Orthodontic Appliances

Orthodontic appliances discolour over treatment time, and a yellowish plaque builds up on the contact area of the brackets, adhesive and teeth. Brilliant Blue-based plaque-staining agents (BBPSAs), which increase tooth brushing efficiency, have the potential to support the maintenance of proper oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment. However, they exhibit strong colouring properties, and their impact on the aesthetics of braces remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of commercially available BBPSAs on the colour of aesthetic orthodontic materials. A light-cured, colour-changing orthodontic adhesive and new-generation, monocrystalline, sapphire brackets were chosen for the experiments. The effect of the staining agent on the tested materials was investigated in terms of the reaction temperature and time, as well as the presence of black tea-induced impurities on the materials. The CIELAB (Commission Internationale de L’éclairage L* a* b*) colour system parameters were measured, and the colour differences (ΔE*ab and ΔE₀₀—the Commission Internationale de L’éclairage 2000 colour-difference) were determined for the materials under several experimental conditions. The braces’ green-red colour expression was positively affected by the BBPSA. Under in vitro conditions, the regular use of the BBPSA for 90 days visibly improved the unfavourable colour change caused by the black tea.     

全脑照射后血脑屏障改变对放射性脑损伤的影响

目的 探讨全脑照射后血脑屏障通透性的改变对放射性脑损伤的影响.方法 80只昆明小鼠随机分对照组、5 Gy、15 Gy和30 Gy剂量组,每组20只,分别于照射后1周和4周,各组随机取出10只小鼠采用Morris水迷宫测试其空间记忆能力,行为测试结束后,随机抽取7只测量其脑内伊文思蓝的含量,3只在电镜下观察血脑屏障结构的改变.结果 照射后1周,15 Gy和30 Gy剂量组脑内依文思蓝明显升高;照射后4周,15 Gy剂量组恢复到对照组水平,而30 Gy剂量组仍未见恢复.照射后1周,15 Gy和30 Gy剂量组小鼠第1次穿越平台的时间延长和穿越次数明显减少;照射后4周,15 cy剂量组恢复到对照组水平,而30 Gy剂量组仍未见恢复.电镜结果显示15 Gy剂量组照射后1周血脑屏障基膜周围出现透亮区,照射后4周恢复;30 Gy剂量组照射后1周血脑屏障基膜周围也出现透亮区,而照射后4周除血脑屏障基膜继续透亮区外,尚出现内皮细胞核固缩、神经元凋亡和脱髓鞘等现象.结论 放射后血脑屏障的通透性的改变是放射损伤的结果,可能也是放射后继发性脑损伤的原因.     

亚甲蓝光化学法灭活血浆病毒对血浆成分的影响

目的:了解亚甲蓝光化学法灭活血浆病毒的过程中,血浆中诸成分的免疫活性及生化指标的变化情况。方法:将含有1μmol/L亚甲蓝的血浆置医用血浆病毒灭活柜中,经光照强度为3.8万Lux的可见光照射30min。结果:经亚甲蓝光化学法处理后,血浆中的凝血因子活性有不同程度的丢失,大部分在20%以下,总蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯等含量稍有减少。结论:亚甲蓝光化学法灭活血浆病毒对血浆中大多数成分的影响不明显。