固生蛋白tenascin对肝细胞癌血管生成及浸润转移的影响

目的　探讨固生蛋白(tenascin ,TN)在肝细胞癌(hepatocellularcarcinoma ,HCC)中的表达和与HCC血管生成及浸润转移的关系。方法　应用免疫组织化学法检测4 2例HCC、10例肝硬化和7例正常肝组织内TN的表达情况,观察与HCC病理学特点及微血管密度(microvesseldensity ,MVD)之间的关系。结果　①TN在HCC中的阳性表达率和强度显著高于肝硬化和正常肝脏组织( χ2 =4 15 ,P <0 0 5 ;t=2 4 73,P <0 0 5 ) ;②TN在有包膜侵犯组、病理分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ组及有转移HCC中的阳性表达率及强度明显高于无包膜侵犯组( χ2 =5 4 7,P <0 0 5 ;t=2 138,P <0 0 5 )、病理分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组( χ2 =6 87,P <0 0 1;t=2 4 79,P <0 0 5 )以及无转移组( χ2 =10 6 ,P <0 0 1;t=2 6 93,P <0 0 1) ;③肝癌>5cm、有包膜侵犯、有转移、病理分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级组的MVD值明显高于肝癌≤5cm(t=2 0 36 ,P <0 0 5 )、无包膜侵犯(t =2 32 8,P <0 0 5 )、无转移(t =2 4 94 ,P <0 0 5 )及病理分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组(t =2 2 71,P <0 0 5 )。④TN阳性表达HCC中的MVD值明显高于TN阴性表达HCC中的MVD值(t =2 4 87,P <0 0 5 )。结论　TN在HCC组织中的表达上调与其血管生成和浸润转移有关     

Myxopapillary ependymoma of lumbosacral region with metastasis to both cerebellopontine angles: report of a rare case

Introduction Myxopapillary ependymomas are low grade tumours that are known to recur locally even after complete excision, but metastasis to distant sites is extremely uncommon. Case report We report an unusual case of lumbo-sacral myxopapillary ependymoma in a 13-year-old boy with metastasis to both cerebellopontine angles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the youngest patient of metastatic myxopapillary ependymoma.     

胃癌10和11组淋巴结转移及其清扫

目的：研究胃癌脾门淋巴结(No．10)和脾动脉周围淋巴结(No．11)转移规律，进一步探讨No．10和11清扫的必要性和方法。方法：1991年-2000年132例行全胃切除，D2以上淋巴结清扫的胃癌患者，回顾性研究临床病理资料，包括性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、大小、浸润深度、病理类型、其他淋巴结转移等对No．10和11转移的影响，比较全胃切除和全胃联合脏器切除的并发症发生率。结果：胃癌具有较高的No．10或11淋巴结转移率(18．9％)，Logistic回归分析表明，胃癌部位、病理类型、浸润深度和大小弯淋巴结转移五项临床病理指标影响No．10和U转移率。联合脏器切除的并发症发生率(32％)明显高于单纯全胃切除(11．2％)，联合肢体尾切除增加肠下脓肿发生率，而脾切除并不增加全胃切除的危险性。结论：No．10和11在胃癌有较高的转移率和特定的转移规律，预防性和治疗性的清扫实属必要，联合左侧肢体尾加脾切除增加手术危险性，应严格掌握的适应证。而保留胰腺，切除脾血管和脾清扫No．10．和ll淋巴结合理可靠。     

Splanchnic metabolism associated with liver metastasis

Metastatic liver disease can modify the metabolic response to critical illness. Systemic lactic acidosis may arise from an increased production due to inadequate peripheral tissue oxygen transport, altered metabolic function such as depressed pyruvate oxidation or insufficient hepatic clearing capacity due to tumor replacement of functional liver mass. Hepatic venous catheterization in a patient with extensive metastatic melanoma to the liver and adult respiratory distress syndrome indicated a marked disparity between whole body and liver oxygenation which may arise due to a markedly stepped up splanchnic oxygen utilization unmatched by a proportionate rise in regional oxygen delivery. Since some neoplasms may exhibit increased metabolic activity, it is suspected that these metastatic lesions may have contributed to the observed regional hypermetabolism thereby worsening hepatic hypoxia and exacerbating lactic acidosis. This case also illustrates the difficulties in interpreting global indicators of metabolic function and oxygenation in critically ill patients.     

TGFβ-1 regulation of VEGF production by breast cancer cells

Background: Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic factor identified to date. TGFβ-1 acts as an indirect angiogenic agent. Methods: VEGF and TGFβ-1 were measured in the serum of breast cancer patients and agematched controls and in tumor tissue of cancer patients by ELISA. VEGF protein and mRNA expression by breast tumor cell lines were examined, and the effect of TGFβ-1 on VEGF production in these cells was assessed. Results: VEGF levels were significantly higher (P=.03) in the serum of patients with breast cancer compared to age-matched controls. A positive correlation was found between serum (r=0.539) and tumor tissue (r=0.688) levels of VEGF and TGFβ-1. Metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells produce more VEGF than do the primary BT474 cells. TGFβ-1 significantly (P<.05) increased production of VEGF. Conclusions: Breast cancer cells constitutively produce VEGF protein and mRNA. There is a relationship between VEGF and TGFβ-1 levels in breast cancer patients, and TGFβ-1 regulates VEGF expression by breast cancer cells. Presented at the 50th Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society of Surgical Oncology, Chicago, Illinois, March 20–23, 1997.     

胃癌第一站淋巴结窦组织细胞增生生发中心增生对胃癌预后的影响

目的 :研究胃癌第一站淋巴结窦组织细胞增生 (SH)、生发中心增生 (GCH)对胃癌第一站淋巴结转移及预后的影响。方法 :将SH、GCH分别分为 - ,+ ,+ +三级 ,分析SH ,GCH对胃癌第一淋巴结转移的影响 ,比较其 5年生存率。结果 :①SH -患者淋巴结转移率明显比SH + ,SH + +高 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ;5年生存率随SH分级数升高而升高 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ;②GCH -患者淋巴结转移率明显比GCH + ,GCH+ +高 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ;5年生存率随GCH分级数升高而升高 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :SH ,GCH患者胃癌第一站淋巴结转移率较低 ;SH ,GCH分级数越高预后越好 ;SH ,GCH可作为预测胃癌预后的指标之一。     

Rate of PSA rise predicts metastatic versus local recurrence after definitive radiotherapy

: A rising prostate specific antigen (PSA) following treatment for adenocarcinoma of the prostate indicates eventual clinical failure, but the rate of rise can be quite different from patient to patient, as can the pattern of clinical failure. We sought to determine whether the rate of PSA rise could differentiate future local versus metastatistic failure.

: Two thousand six hundred sixty-seven PSA values from 400 patients treated with radiotherapy for localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate were analyzed with respect to PSA patterns and clinical outcome. Patients had received no hormonal therapy or prostate surgey and had ?4 PSA values post-treatment PSA rate of rise, determined by the slope of the natural log, was classified as gradual (< 0.69 log (ng/ml)/year, or doubling time (DT) > 1 year), moderate (0.69-1.4 log (ng/ml)/year, or DT 6 months-1 year), or rapid [>1.4 log (ng/ml)/year, or DT < 6 months].

: SIxty-one percent of patients had non-rising PSA following treatment; 25% of patients with rising PSA developed clinical failure, and 93% of patients with clinical failure had rising PSA. The rate of rise discerned different clinical failure patterns. Local failure occurred in 23% of patients with moderate rate of rise versus 7% with gradual rise (p = 0.0001). Metastatic disease developed in 46% of those with rapid versus 8% with moderate rise (p < 0.0001). By multivariate analysis, in addition to rate of rise, PSA nadir and rate of decline predicted local failure; those with post-treatment nadir of 1–4 ng/ml were five times more likely to experience local failure than nadir < 1 ng/ml (p = 0.0002). Rapid rate of rise was the most significant independent predictor of metastastic failure.

: The rate of PSA rise following definitive radiotherapy can predict clinical failure patterns, with a rapidly rising PSA indicating metastatic recurrence and moderately rising PSA local recurrence. This information could potentially dirent therapy; if the rise predicts metastatic failure hormonal therapy could be cosidereed, while aggressive salvage therapy may benefit subclinical local recurrence identified by a moderate rate of PSA rise.     

大肠癌手术后肝转移的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨大肠癌手术后肝转移的诊断与治疗。方法：对35例大肠癌手术后肝转移的诊治效果进行回顾性分析。结果：所有的病例均得到CEA、B超和（或）CT检查证实，其1年和3年生存率在根治性手术切除组明显高于其他治疗组。结论：肝转移癌的早期诊断是提高生存率的关键，手术切除及选择性肝动脉栓塞化疗是改善其预后的选择。     

MACS检测胃癌腹腔冲洗液游离癌细胞的研究

目的 探讨胃癌腹腔微转移情况的检测方法及意义。方法 手术中切除肿瘤前收集腹腔冲洗液，采用磁激活细胞分离术（MACS）对不同病理分期胃癌患者腹腔冲洗液中癌细胞进行富集并检测。分别标记带磁珠的细胞角蛋白（CK）抗体，经磁柱富集CK^＋上皮细胞，用流式细胞仪检测其含量，并比较胃癌组与胃平滑肌瘤组（对照组）以及胃癌不同分期之间、磁富集前后CK^＋上皮细胞含量的差异。结果 在未经MACS富集的标本中较少发现CK^＋ CD45^-细胞；在富集后的标本中其含量在胃癌组与对照组有显著差异（41／50，1／10，P〈0．001）；pTNMⅠ～Ⅱ期与Ⅲ～Ⅳ期之间（0．67％，3．42％，P〈0．001）差异有非常显著性。结论 MACS能有效地富集上皮来源细胞，提高上皮源细胞的检出率，并能反映腹腔游离癌细胞数量；上皮细胞数量与胃癌的存在及临床病理分期有关，其有利于判断肿瘤转移和预后并指导治疗。     

病变椎体切除脊柱稳定性重建治疗胸腰椎转移瘤

目的:探讨病变椎体切除脊柱稳定性重建治疗胸腰椎转移瘤可行性与临床价值。方法:1999年7月-2006年4月,采用后正中加后外侧"T"形切口行病变椎体切除、钛网 切除的肋骨或取自体髂骨填充植骨、椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗16例胸腰椎转移瘤患者,随访观察患者术后局部疼痛缓解、脊髓神经功能恢复及脊柱稳定性情况。结果:术后患者腰背痛及放射性疼痛基本缓解,均于术后早期开始肢体功能锻炼,术后2-3周离床活动。随访8个月-3年,患者神经系统压迫症状明显改善,3例C级患者2例恢复到D级,1例恢复到E级;D级5例均恢复到E级。影像学复查内固定物无松动、断钉、断棒现象,钛网无移位,椎体无塌陷。结论:经后正中加后外侧"T"形切口手术切除病变椎体并重建脊柱的三柱稳定性结构治疗胸腰椎转移瘤是可行的,可提高患者生存期内的生活质量。