Pharmaceutical supply chain risks: a systematic review

Introduction

Supply of medicine as a strategic product in any health system is a top priority. Pharmaceutical companies, a major player of the drug supply chain, are subject to many risks. These risks disrupt the supply of medicine in many ways such as their quantity and quality and their delivery to the right place and customers and at the right time. Therefore risk identification in the supply process of pharmaceutical companies and mitigate them is highly recommended.

Objective

In this study it is attempted to investigate pharmaceutical supply chain risks with perspective of manufacturing companies.

Methods

Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science bibliographic databases and Google scholar scientific search engines were searched for pharmaceutical supply chain risk management studies with 6 different groups of keywords. All results found by keywords were reviewed and none-relevant articles were excluded by outcome of interests and researcher boundaries of study within 4 steps and through a systematic method.

Results

Nine articles were included in the systematic review and totally 50 main risks based on study outcome of interest extracted which classified in 7 categories. Most of reported risks were related to supply and supplier issues. Organization and strategy issues, financial, logistic, political, market and regulatory issues were in next level of importance.

Conclusion

It was shown that the majority of risks in pharmaceutical supply chain were internal risks due to processes, people and functions mismanagement which could be managed by suitable mitigation strategies.     

贵重药品使用登记本对预防护患纠纷的效果研究

目的为保障医疗安全,防范护患纠纷,分析患者应用贵重药品中存在的主要缺陷,探讨一种提高贵重药品管理的有效方法。方法通过对2011年1月～2012年7月我科收治的患者中凡使用贵重药品的均在贵重药品登记本上记录,护士执行后并由家属确认使用后方可签字,并加以规范管理,使用此管理方法后和对照组(2011年前)进行对照分析。结果观察组患者满意度调查达到98%以上,护患纠纷发生率与实施前相比明显降低,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论采取针对性的防范措施,持续抓好护理环节质量控制,建立贵重药品登记本能赢得患者及家属的信赖,提高患者满意度,构建和谐护患关系,避免护患纠纷,确保医疗安全。     

短缺基本药物现状及保障措施研究

目的：调查分析我国短缺基本药物现状并提出保障短缺基本药物供应的措施。方法：通过对影响基本药物相关因素的系统调研,构建短缺基本药物数据库模型,分析存在的问题及内在联系,科学提出短缺基本药物保障措施的基本框架和主要解决措施。结果：筛选得到49种涉及短缺的药品,共58个剂型;对数据库构建影响较大的有5个因素;运用SPSS18．0软件构建全国及6个地区数据库模型,根据回归模型对影响基本药物短缺的因素进行排序,提出保障措施。结论：研究结果反映了短缺基本药物的现状,提出的政策建议可为解决基本药物短缺提供参考。     

高等中医药院校《中药鉴定学》课程ITPA立体教学模式探讨

《中药鉴定学》是全国高等中医药院校中药学类专业培养方案构架中极具中医药特色的一门核心专业课程.教学组在30多年的教学过程中,积累了丰富的教学经验,针对社会对中药鉴定人才的需求现状,建立了较为完善的《中药鉴定学》ITPA （Interest cultivation-Theory teachingPractice＆amp;Experiment teaching-Assessment）教学模式,即“兴趣培养-理论教学-实践（验）教学-考核评价”教学模式.《中药鉴定学》ITPA教学模式是培养中药鉴定学综合素质人才的有效手段.     

LC-MS/MS法检测降压类中成药及保健品中非法添加的7种化学药物

目的：建立快速、灵敏、准确的检测降压类中成药及保健品中非法添加阿替洛尔、盐酸可乐定、氢氯噻嗪、卡托普利、盐酸哌唑嗪、利血平及硝苯地平等7种化学药物的LC-MS/MS方法.方法：采用Phenomenex Luna C18（2.0mm×100mm,3μm）色谱柱进行分离,以0.5％甲酸水-乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为0.2 mL·min-1,离子源为ESI源,正负离子检测模式,对降压类中成药及保健品中非法添加的该7种化学药物进行定性检测.结果：7种化学药物的检出限分别为0.01～0.02ng,6批供试品有1批检测到非法添加氢氯噻嗪.结论：该方法专属性强、灵敏度高,适用于降压类中成药及保健品中非法添加该7种化学药物的定性分析.     

中药有效成分治疗溃疡性结肠炎研究进展

溃疡性结肠炎是一种慢性非特异性炎症性疾病,通常以包括直肠的结肠炎症为特征.溃疡性结肠炎对人类健康危害较大,但目前尚无理想的治疗方法,寻找新的治疗药物十分必要.近年来,文献报道了数种天然产物具有抗溃疡性结肠炎作用.对中药有效成分治疗溃疡性结肠炎的研究进展进行综述.     

The CREATE project: development of certified reference materials for allergenic products and validation of methods for their quantification

Allergen extracts have been used for diagnosis and treatment of allergy for around 100 years. During the second half of 20th century, the notion increasingly gained foothold that accurate standardization of such extracts is of great importance for improvement of their quality. As a consequence, manufacturers have implemented extensive protocols for standardization and quality control. These protocols have overall IgE-binding potencies as their focus. Unfortunately, each company is using their own in-house reference materials and their own unique units to express potencies. This does not facilitate comparison of different products. During the last decades, most major allergens of relevant allergen sources have been identified and it has been established that effective immunotherapy requires certain minimum quantities of these allergens to be present in the administered maintenance dose. Therefore, the idea developed to introduce major allergens measurements into standardization protocols. Such protocols based on mass units of major allergen, quantify the active ingredients of the treatment and will at the same time allow comparison of competitor products. In 2001, an EU funded project, the CREATE project, was started to support introduction of major allergen based standardization. The aim of the project was to evaluate the use of recombinant allergens as reference materials and of ELISA assays for major allergen measurements. This paper gives an overview of the achievements of the CREATE project.     

国家基本药物目录合理性分析

我国2009版基本药物目录与世界卫生组织(WHO)和及相关国家的基本药物目录(EML)的比较分析,并以我国疾病负担为依据,对我国基本药物目录的合理性加以探析,提出相应的政策建议。