目测法评估床头抬高角度测量误差的分析

目的针对目前医院病床基本无配备床头抬高角度测量工具的现状,调查护士目测法评估床头抬高角度的测量误差,探讨使用精确测量工具的必要性。方法随机选择我院各护理单元主管护师、护师和护士各2名,共96名。采用目测法评估床头抬高15°、30°、45°三种角度,与角度尺精确测量法比较床头抬高角度的差异。结果目测评估床头抬高15°、30°、45°所产生的实际角度分别为（10.56±3.67）°、（19.54±6.58）°、（38.18±9.69）°,测量误差发生率96.2%,其中实际测量角度小于目标角度,占93.8%,实际测量角度大于目标角度,占2.4%,与角度尺测量方法比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论目测法评估会影响有特殊卧位要求患者的治疗效果,并发症发生几率增加,应使用精确的测量工具。     

Influence of measurement uncertainty on the world health organization recommended regulation for mainstream cigarette smoke constituents

The World Health Organization Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation (WHO TobReg) proposed mandated ceilings on 9 prioritized mainstream cigarette smoke constituents determined from the market-specific median of nicotine-normalized yield distributions. Considering the requirements for assessing and reporting of compliance with ceilings, it is of great importance to estimate the measurement uncertainty. To have a better understanding of influence of measurement uncertainty on the WHO recommended regulation for cigarette smoke constituents, in the present study, the measurement uncertainties were evaluated systematically based on series of collaborative studies reported by three different authorities over the years from 2012 to 2016, according to the approaches guided in ISO/TS 21748. Furthermore, the compliance assessment of 20 representative cigarette samples with proposed ceilings was conducted by taking measurement uncertainty into account. This work demonstrated that measurement uncertainty had great influence on the implementation of the regulated mandated lowering of toxic smoke constituents, both on the setting of ceilings and the compliance assessment as well.     

An investigation of a Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic shoulder and elbow score in elite canoe slalom: Establishing measurement properties to make practice recommendations

ObjectiveTo investigate the test-retest reliability and validity of the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic shoulder and elbow score (KJOC) in elite Canoe Slalom athletes and determine its ability to predict future shoulder pain.DesignObservational study with embedded test-retest reliability study.SettingBritish Canoe Slalom National Training Centre.ParticipantsNineteen athletes from the British Canoe Slalom team for the 2019 season.Main outcome measuresThe KJOC was completed at the start of winter training and start of the 2019 competitive season. Current, historical (6-months pre-questionnaire) and prospective (4-months post-questionnaire) shoulder injuries were recorded.ResultsTest-retest reliability was found to be excellent (ICC_3,1 = 0.97), with a minimal detectable change (MDC_95%) of 6.7. Compared to uninjured athletes, currently injured and historically injured athletes scored significantly lower (p = 0.002 and p = 0.011, respectively), with the difference between means > MDC_95%. A cut-off of 88 was found to be predictive of shoulder pain (AUC: 0.779; sensitivity: 0.60; specificity: 0.95; positive likelihood ratio: 11.4).ConclusionThe KJOC demonstrated excellent reliability and can distinguish between athletes with and without current or historical shoulder pain. A KJOC score of <88 was associated with increased risk of shoulder pain. The KJOC should be completed as part of a risk profile for shoulder pain.     

Comparison of physical activity assessed using hip- and wrist-worn accelerometers

ObjectivesIt is unclear how physical activity estimates differ when assessed using hip- vs wrist-worn accelerometers. The objective of this study was to compare physical activity assessed by hip- and wrist-worn accelerometers in free-living older women.DesignA cross-sectional study collecting data in free-living environment.MethodsParticipants were from the Women's Health Study, in which an ancillary study is objectively measuring physical activity using accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X+). We analyzed data from 94 women (mean (SD) age = 71.9 (6.0) years) who wore a hip-worn and wrist-worn accelerometers simultaneously for 7 days.ResultsUsing triaxial data (vector magnitude, VM), total activity volume (counts per day) between the two locations was moderately correlated (Spearman's r = 0.73). Hip and wrist monitors wear locations identically classified 71% individuals who were at the highest 40% or lowest 40% of their respective distributions. Similar patterns and slightly stronger agreements were observed when examining steps instead of VM counts.ConclusionsAccelerometer-assessed physical activity using hip- vs wrist-worn devices was moderately correlated in older, free-living women. However, further research needs to be conducted to examine comparisons of specific activities or physical activity intensity levels.     

Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Biological Rhythms Interview of assessment in neuropsychiatry-self report for delayed sleep-wake phase disorder

ObjectiveThe Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) might be applicable for assessing delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD). We aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the BRIAN self-report (J-BRIAN-SR) in DSWPD patients and determine a cutoff score to identify the presence of the disorder.MethodsWe enrolled 60 newly diagnosed DSWPD outpatients and 64 age-matched healthy controls. We used Cronbach's alpha for internal reliability to evaluate J-BRIAN-SR. We confirmed the reliability of the A test and re-test using Pearson's correlation coefficient in the controls. We used confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the factor structure of J-BRIAN-SR and referenced the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) to check concurrent validity. We analyzed the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to determine the J-BRIAN-SR cutoff point for the presence of DSWPD.ResultsThe 18-component scores of the J-BRIAN-SR had an overall reliability coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) of 0.82. We confirmed a high test-retest reliability using an intraclass correlation coefficient (r = 0.84). The correlation between J-BRIAN-SR and MEQ was 0.38 (p = 0.003). The J-BRIAN-SR that we extracted by exploratory factor analysis consisted of three factors. A score of 40 points provided a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 75.6% for the positivity of DSWPD.ConclusionsThe results of the present study revealed that J-BRIAN-SR is a valid and reliable instrument for screening and evaluating the severity of DSWPD. Our findings will be useful to physicians and patients in Japan and those in clinical settings.     

On measurements and their quality: Paper 3: Post hoc pooling and errors of discreteness

This is the third in a short series of papers on measurement theory and practice with particular relevance to research in nursing, midwifery, and healthcare. In this paper I demonstrate how the decisions we make regarding the post hoc treatment of our measurements impact the quality of our data and influence the validity of the inferences we draw from them. I address two variations of this practice, pooling data over response options found on self-report measures, and transforming measurements of continuous variables, such as age, into ranges or ordered categories. The problems inherent in this practice are examined using concepts from information theory. Pooling more precise measurements into less precise ones creates errors of discreteness that introduce unpredictable (positive or negative) bias in our results.     

Online and offline video game use in adolescents: measurement invariance and problem severity

Background: Despite the increasing popularity of video game playing, little is known about the similarities and differences between online and offline video game players. Objectives: The aims of this study were (i) to test the applicability and the measurement invariance of the previously developed Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire (POGQ) in both online and offline gamers and to (ii) examine the differences in these groups. Methods: Video game use habits and POGQ were assessed in a sample of 1,964 (71% male) adolescent videogame players. Those gamers who played at least sometimes in an online context were considered “online gamers,” while those who played videogames exclusively offline were considered “offline gamers.” Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported the measurement invariance across online and offline videogame players. According to the multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model, online gamers were more likely to score higher on overuse, interpersonal conflict, and social isolation subscales of the POGQ. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that online and offline gaming can be assessed using the same psychometric instrument. These findings open the possibility for future research studies concerning problematic video gaming to include participants who exclusively play online or offline games, or both. However, the study also identified important structural features about how online and offline gaming might contribute differently to problematic use. These results provide important information that could be utilized in parental education and the prevention program about the possible detrimental consequences of online vs. offline video gaming.     

宫颈胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1联合宫颈超声测量对预测早产的价值探讨

目的联合应用两种对于早产预测的敏感性、特异性、阳性及阴性预测值均较高的方法，进一步提高早产的预测率，提高对于早产发生时间的预测准确度，对预测阳性者及早进行有效干预，改善围产儿结局。方法符合入组条件的孕妇，取膀胱结石位，常规消毒外阴、窥器暴露宫颈后取宫颈管内分泌物，测定宫颈胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1（IGFBP-1）后再使用GE—E8型彩超经阴道测量宫颈结构，并计算出宫颈指数。结果IGFBP-1阳性对于早产预测的阳性率为65．0％；阴性预测率为89．1％。宫颈指数（〈0．5）对于早产预测的阳性率为60．0％；阴性预测率为91．7％。二者结合对于早产预测的阳性率为90．0％；阴性预测率为96．7％。结论测定宫颈IGFBP-1，并行超声测量宫颈管产度二者联合对于预测早产的发生明显优于单一方法。     

Measurement of alcohol craving

Despite considerable research activity and application in treatment, the construct of craving remains poorly understood. We propose that cravings and urges are cognitive–emotional events in time, characterised by frequency, duration, intensity and salience. Commonly used measures of alcohol craving are reviewed, and their strengths and weaknesses identified. Most measures confound craving with behaviours, or with separable cognitive phenomena such as expectancies, intentions, or perceived behavioural control. These confounds have limited our advances in understanding the determinants and consequences of craving. Based on the criteria applied in this review, among the better performing multi-item measures are the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale and Obsessive subscale of the Obsessive–Compulsive Drinking Scale. Optimal assessment strategies are likely to involve daily assessments of peak intensity of cravings, desires or urges and of the frequency and duration of craving episodes. Of particular interest are measures of intensity at times when individuals are at risk of drinking or of other functional impacts from craving.