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11.
We have developed a simple instrument for pressure algometry. It can be made easily using components found in most anaesthetic rooms. Ten students were able to make the device using written instructions. All the resulting algometers performed within 10% accuracy limits for values up to 4 kgcm−2 . 相似文献
12.
Sidestream versus mainstream carbon dioxide analyzers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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The extensometer is a new device with potential in the field of respiratory pattern analysis. This paper describes the physical principles upon which the extensometer depends and also assesses its performance as a noninvasive respiratory monitor in respect of its ability to measure tidal volume and to determine obstructive breathing patterns in awake volunteers in the supine position over a limited time period. Further developments of the device are outlined and the current status of torso transducers in anaesthesia and intensive care are discussed. 相似文献
15.
The relationship between internal jugular vein diameter as measured with an ultrasound imaging machine (SiteRite, Dymax) and external jugular vein diameter was studied in 50 anaesthetised patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. There was an inverse correlation between external jugular vein diameter and internal jugular vein diameter ( r = −0.47, p < 0.001). All patients with an external jugular vein diameter of 7 mm or greater had an internal jugular vein diameter of less than 15 mm. No patient with an external jugular vein diameter of less than 7 mm had an internal jugular vein diameter of less than 20 mm. No other patient dimension (height, weight, body mass index, neck circumference) predicted internal jugular vein size. These results suggest that a large external jugular vein (i.e. 7 mm or greater in external diameter) may be associated with a small internal jugular vein. A size 5.0-mm internal diameter tracheal tube may be used to provide a rapid assessment of external jugular vein diameter. 相似文献
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Plasma volume estimation using indocyanine green with biexponential regression analysis of the decay curves 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We studied seven analytical methods of estimating the plasma volume from the decay curves of indocyanine green. Fifteen volunteers received 1.0 mgkg−1 of the dye by intravenous injection and the plasma concentration was measured continuously using spectrophotometry. Plasma volumes were calculated using three single-regression methods (1-a, 1-b, 1-c) and four biexponential regression methods (2-a, 2-b, 2-c, 2-d). The means (SD) of 1-a, 1-b and 1-c were 39 (5.0), 44 (5.7) and 54 (11.5) mlkg−1 , respectively, and these were significantly different from each other (p < 0.05). The values for methods 2-b, 2-c and 2-d were similar to each other: 39 (4.6), 40 (4.1) and 40 (4.0) mlkg−1 , respectively. These required more than 3 min circulation or mixing time. When the time allowed for mixing was less than 3 min (method 2-a) the plasma volume was underestimated. We conclude that plasma volume estimation using indocyanine green and spectrophotometry is most accurate when the mixing time is adequate (3–5 min) and the decay curves are analysed using biexponential regression. 相似文献
18.
In order to compare an acceleromyograph (TOF-GuardTM ) with a mechanomyograph (Grass FT03), the dose–response relationship of rocuronium was simultaneously determined in both arms of 15 children aged 3–11 years during anaesthesia with thiopentone, alfentanil and nitrous oxide. Three subgroups of five children received rocuronium 120, 180 or 240 μg.kg−1 randomly. The effective doses to produce 50% and 95% depression of the first twitch of the train-of-four determined by acceleromyography were 206 and 337 μg.kg−1 , respectively, while these values determined by mechanomyography were 151 and 331 μg.kg−1 , respectively. The dose–response curve obtained by acceleromyography was steeper and shifted to the right compared with that obtained by mechanomyography (p < 0.0001). The difference between the effective dose producing 50% twitch depression determined by the two devices was highly significant (p < 0.0001). In 13 out of 15 children, the acceleromyograph control train-of-four ratio was significantly greater than unity. Although there was a good correlation ( r = 0.85) between simultaneous pairs of measurements of neuromuscular block, the acceleromyograph exhibited a bias of −25% relative to the mechanomyograph with wide limits of agreement (−62 to +12%). We conclude that acceleromyographic and mechanomyographic measurements should not be used interchangeably when determining the potency of muscle relaxants. 相似文献
19.
We have developed a computerized neuromuscular monitoring system (NMMS) using commercially available subsystems, i.e., computer
equipment, clinical nerve stimulator, force transducer, and strip-chart recorder. This NMMS was developed for acquisition
and analysis of data for research and teaching purposes. Computer analysis of the muscle response to stimulation allows graphic
and numeric presentation of the twitch response and calculated ratios. Since the system can store and recall data, research
data can be accessed for analysis and graphic presentation. An IBM PC/AT computer is used as the central controller and data
processor. The computer controls timing of the nerve stimulator output, initiates data acquisition, and adjusts the paper
speed of the strip chart recorder. The data processing functions include establishing control response values (when no neuromuscular
blockade is present), displaying force versus time and calculated data graphically and numerically, and storing these data
for further analysis. The general purpose nature of the computer and strip chart recording equipment allow modification of
the system primarily by changes in software. For example, new patterns of nerve stimulation, such as the posttetanic count,
can be programmed into the computer system along with appropriate data display and analysis routines. The NMMS has functioned
well in the operating room environment. We have had no episodes of electrocautery interference with the computer functions.
The automated features have enhanced the utility of the NMMS. The prime advantages of this system are (1) the ability to customize
its features by altering its controlling programs, (2) the ready availability of the hardware and software, (3) the general
purpose nature of the system, so that it is not limited to this one application, and (4) the adaptable nature of the system. 相似文献
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