自动跟踪、手动触发技术在64层CT冠状动脉造影中的应用

目的 探讨64层CT冠状动脉造影(CTCA)的合理对比剂注射时间,并观察自动跟踪、手动触发技术在去除上腔静脉和右心腔伪影中的价值. 方法 临床拟诊冠状动脉性心脏病的338例患者接受CTCA检查,其中自动跟踪智能触发组256例(据扫描延迟时间分3组:<19 s组、19～23 s组及>23 s组),自动跟踪、手动触发组82例.对比剂注射时间设定为17 s,注射速率3.5～5.5 ml/s.智能扫描组阈值设为120 HU,手动触发组阈值设为500 HU.对自动跟踪智能触发组的三个时间组,以及智能触发组与手动触发组的图像质量进行比较. 结果 智能触发组中扫描延迟时间19～23 s组的图像质量明显优于另外两组(P=0.037、0.040);手动触发组中完全无上腔静脉、右心腔伪影,图像质量明显优于智能触发组(P=0.036). 结论 64层CTA的合理对比剂注射时间为17 s;自动跟踪、手动触发技术能有效去除上腔静脉及右心腔伪影,获得理想的冠状动脉图像,值得推广应用.     

儿童肱骨髁上骨折手法复位术后肘内翻的护理干预

目的：探讨护理干预对儿童肱骨髁上骨折手法复位术后肘内翻发生率的影响,寻求有效的护理措施。方法：将150例伸直型肱骨髁上骨折患儿随机分为干预组和对照组各75例。对照组实施肱骨髁上骨折手法整复及小夹板外固定后常规治疗及护理;干预组在此基础上,针对患儿和家长实施联合护理干预,包括心理护理、饮食护理、病情观察、预防并发症的发生、指导功能锻炼。结果：干预组与对照组在治愈率及肘内翻发生率方面比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：恰当的护理干预可减少儿童肱骨髁上骨折手法复位术后肘内翻发生率,提高治愈率,促进患儿早日康复。     

The mechanisms of manual therapy in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain: A comprehensive model

Prior studies suggest manual therapy (MT) as effective in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain; however, the mechanisms through which MT exerts its effects are not established. In this paper we present a comprehensive model to direct future studies in MT. This model provides visualization of potential individual mechanisms of MT that the current literature suggests as pertinent and provides a framework for the consideration of the potential interaction between these individual mechanisms. Specifically, this model suggests that a mechanical force from MT initiates a cascade of neurophysiological responses from the peripheral and central nervous system which are then responsible for the clinical outcomes. This model provides clear direction so that future studies may provide appropriate methodology to account for multiple potential pertinent mechanisms.     

3种器械去除椭圆形根管内充填物的效果研究

目的：研究两种镍钛器械和手用不锈钢器械去除椭圆形根管内充填物的效果。方法：45颗具有椭圆形根管的下颌前磨牙经逐步后退法预备、热牙胶垂直加压充填后随机分为3组,分别用ProTaper再治疗器械和ProTaper器械,Mtwo再治疗器械和Mtwo器械,手用H锉和K锉去除牙胶。测量各组中充填物的残留量及各个器械使用的时间。结果：手用器械组充填物的残留量百分比明显低于ProTaper组和Mtwo组,但操作时间高于ProTaper组和Mtwo组。结论：椭圆形根管内,使用机用镍钛器械可以减少操作时间,但是残留的根管充填物较多。     

Influence of early mobilization program on pain,self-reported and performance based functional measures following total knee replacement

BackgroundTotal knee replacement (TKR) is an optimal treatment for persons with severe knee joint pain and disability, who were unsuccessful with conservative management. Early mobilization can be defined as moving out of bed and/or walking quickly after the surgery for reducing the risks allied with bed rest. There is a paucity of studies on effects of early mobilization on a performance-based measure of timed up and go test (TUG), six-minute walk test (SMWT) and a self-reported disease-specific measure of a knee injury and Osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) following TKR.MethodsA prospective pre-post-trial was conducted at Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India. Participants underwent early (POD ‘0’) mobilization on the same postoperative day within 7 h post-TKR surgery. Outcome measures were recorded by an independent blinded observer. The statistical significance level was set at 'p' value < 0.05. The difference between pre-operative and post-operative outcome measure at 1 month and 3 months post-intervention were analyzed using repeated measures of ANOVA.ResultsThe study included a total of 78 participants (59 Females; 19 Males) and the mean age of the included participants was 64.1 ± 7 years. Amongst, 78 participants, 53 underwent unilateral TKR, 25 underwent bilateral TKR. There were three dropouts in the study due to post-operative complications. Significant improvements from pre-operative to one month were observed following POD ‘0’ mobilization on NPRS (7.35 ± 1.2 to 4.3 ± 1.7), SMWT (169 ± 70 to 236.7 ± 80.7). KOOS subscales of pain, symptom, and quality of life showed significant changes at one month and 3 months. TUG, Knee strength, Knee ROM and KOOS ADL subscale shown improvements only at 3 months post-intervention.ConclusionOur study findings suggest that POD ‘0’ (early) mobilization can result in reduced pain and an increase in walking speed at 1 month. Significant changes were observed in pain, Knee strength, Knee ROM, TUG, SMWT and KOOS subscales at 3 months following total knee replacement.     

手法复位联合经皮椎体成形术治疗合并椎体裂隙征骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的:探讨手法复位联合经皮椎体成形术治疗合并椎体裂隙征骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCFs)的临床效果。方法:对2014年1月至2017年1月收治的合并椎体裂隙征骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折94例患者进行回顾性分析,根据手术方式分为A、B两组。A组45例,采用单侧入路PVP治疗,其中男17例,女28例,年龄(75.35±11.82)岁,骨密度T值为(-4.28±0.65) g/cm~3;B组49例,采用手法复位联合单侧入路PVP治疗,其中男19例,女30例,年龄(76.79±9.64)岁,骨密度T值为(-4.33±0.72) g/cm~3。记录两组患者的手术时间、骨水泥注入量、并发症;分析两组患者术后1、12、18个月的VAS、ODI评分;比较两组患者术后即刻和术后12、18个月椎体高度、后凸Cobb角;观察骨水泥在椎体内的分布并计算其分布优良率。结果:两组患者的手术时间比较差异无统计学意义。骨水泥注入量A组为(8.42±1.24) ml,B组为(9.19±1.09) ml,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术中均无脊髓神经根损伤,术后均无肺栓塞、骨水泥毒性反应、感染等并发症。骨水泥渗漏A组出现5例,B组4例,均未引起相应临床症状,未予特殊处理。骨水泥分布A组优25例,良19例,差1例,B组优45例,良4例;骨水泥分布优良率B组高于A组(P0.05)。术前及术后1、12、18个月VAS、ODI评分A组分别为8.29±0.74、2.59±0.14、3.75±0.38、3.84±0.88和40.04±3.16、9.24±2.82、12.27±2.64、15.83±2.58,B组分别为8.22±0.82、2.54±0.19、2.81±0.23、2.82±0.45和39.98±2.05、9.16±2.10、9.46±2.41、9.76±2.46;术后1个月VAS、ODI评分两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但术后12、18个月A组高于B组(P0.05)。术前、术后即刻、术后12个月及18个月椎体高度、Cobb角A组分别为(59.17±1.42)%、(85.95±2.19)%、(75.27±3.45)%、(68.34±2.24)%和(23.83±3.37)°、(15.26±2.61)°、(17.63±2.16)°、(19.46±2.54)°,B组分别为(59.31±1.87)%、(89.19±2.53)%、(88.62±2.51)%、(88.59±2.62)%和(24.72±3.78)°、(14.91±2.28)°、(15.48±2.55)°、(15.86±2.81)°。术后即刻椎体高度B组大于A组,Cobb角B组小于A组(P0.05),在随访中,B组椎体高度无明显变化,A组椎体高度塌陷(P0.05)。结论:在治疗合并椎体裂隙征骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中,使用手法复位联合经皮椎体成形术较单独使用经皮椎体成形术,能够有效防止椎体再塌陷,提高患者的远期疗效。     

经皮股动脉穿刺术后两种穿刺点压迫止血方法的效果对比

目的 对比经皮股动脉穿刺术后压迫器止血法和传统手指压迫止血法压迫股动脉穿刺点的安全性、有效性。方法 回顾性分析2016年7月至2019年1月经皮穿刺股动脉术干预的2 031例病人的临床资料。结果 2 031例共2 068个穿刺点,其中1 055个穿刺点采用压迫器压迫止血（压迫器组）,1 013个穿刺点采用传统手指压迫止血（指压组）。压迫器组1055个穿刺点中,5个（0.5%）穿刺点术后出现假性动脉瘤,2个（0.2%）穿刺点出现动静脉瘘,11个（1.0%）穿刺点出现渗血、血肿形成。指压组1 013个穿刺点中,12个（1.2%）穿刺点术后出现假性动脉瘤,6个（0.6%）穿刺点出现动静脉瘘,38个（3.8%）穿刺点出现渗血、血肿形成。压迫器组术后并发症总发生率（1.7%）明显低于指压组（5.4%;P<0.05）。结论 经皮股动脉穿刺术后采用压迫器压迫穿刺点止血优于传统手指压迫穿刺点止血。     

Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Mobilization for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma in Contemporary Era

Successful stem cell mobilization and adequate harvesting of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) is necessary for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Several advances have increased the efficiency and yield of HPC collection methods, and sufficient CD34⁺ cell collection can be expected for most patients with MM considered to be ASCT candidates. However, in some patients, HPCs will fail to mobilize and an adequate number of CD34⁺ cells will not be collected. In our review, we have discussed the various strategies available for mobilizing HPCs in patients with MM and the evolution of these strategies over time. We have also discussed the concept of mobilization failure, the factors predictive of poor mobilization, and the potential mobilization regimens for such patients.     

良性发作性位置性眩晕手法复位后残余症状分析

目的探讨应用眩晕残障量表(DHI)调查问卷的形式评估良性发作性位置性眩晕患者手法复位后的残余症状。方法对120例患者进行手法复位直到位置试验时眩晕症状及眼球震颤完全消失。患者在复位前和复位后5~7d内分别完成问卷调查。随机选择120例正常志愿者为对照组,在年龄及性别上与实验组进行交叉配对,将复位前、复位后和对照组数据进行对比分析。结果在DHI分值上,手法复位后较复位前有显著改善(P=0.000),其中有6项显示未完全改善。手法复位后DHI分值与对照组对比,结果显示在一些项目上仍有差异,症状改善并不完全。结论DHI分值提示即使在成功的手法复后,患者仍会遗留一些残余的主观症状,对于这些患者,后续的处理很重要。