医学物理学实验教学——测量液体表面张力系数的一种简易方法

目的：在医学物理学实验教学中，设计性实验内容的不确定性，需要实验方法的多样性，需要相关仪器设备的多样性，而各医学院校在医学物理学实验设备的投入上都不多，那我们如何立足现有仪器设备，自己动手，勇于创新，对其从新组合．从而保证设计性实验顺利完成，进行了有益的尝试。方法：立足现有仪器设备，用弹簧、读数显微镜代替焦利称．采用拉脱法和用一个新的测量液体表面张力系数的方法一相对法测量，使液体表面张力系数随浓度变化的研究获得了满意的结果。结果：该实验具有操作简单，待测量少，结果明显的特点，为表面张力系数的测量提供了一种简易可行的方法。结论：在现有仪器设备条件下，通过我们摸索、创新，可以组合出新设备，找到实验的新方法，保证医学物理学实验教学的顺利进行。     

高效建立牙齿三维有限元模型

有限元分析法应用于口腔研究首先需要建立计算机口腔模型，目前的文献对建模的过程没有做详细的阐述。本文运用高端的建模与分析软件，以建立一个牙齿计算机模型为例，阐述一种高效建立有限元分析模型的基本思路和方法，为从事医学有限元分析法相关研究的科研人员提供参考。     

Effects of Crede's method on urine voiding within the first 8 h after surgery among post‐haemorrhoidectomy patients: a comparison study

Urinary retention is a common complication among patients after haemorrhoidectomy. Although Crede's method is recommended for urinary retention in nursing practice textbooks, its effects require further examination. The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of urine voiding within the first 8 h following haemorrhoidectomy and to examine the effects of Crede's method on this postoperative outcome. A two‐group comparison study was conducted. All participants were over 20 years of age, and each had undergone haemorrhoidectomy. Outcome measurements included patients' self‐reported urine voiding within 8 h of surgery, personal demographics and disease‐related data. Before the surgical procedure, participants were divided into Crede's group and non‐Crede's group, and written educational materials were given. Patients in the Crede's group were taught Crede's method for application in the event that they were unable to void urine after haemorrhoidectomy. The non‐Crede's group patients were taught traditional methods without Crede's method. We examined urine voiding within the first 8 h after haemorrhoidectomy. The mean rate of urine voiding within 8 h of surgery was 60·9% overall, with 91·3% (21/23) in the Crede's group and 30·4% (7/23) in the non‐Crede's group reporting successful voiding. After controlling for the two groups' personal characteristics and disease‐related variables, age, educational level and perioperative fluid administration were treated as covariates and included in the multinomial logistic regression model. The odds ratio of urine voiding within the first 8 h after surgery was 52·70‐fold higher in the Crede's group than in the non‐Crede's group (p < 0·01). This study shows that Crede's method is an effective strategy to aid in urine voiding within the first eight postsurgical hours among patients following haemorrhoidectomy. Clear and concise information about urinary retention and related management strategies should be given to patients before haemorrhoidectomy.     

Proteomics-based identification of novel proteins in temporal tendons of patients with masticatory muscle tendon–aponeurosis hyperplasia

Masticatory muscle tendon–aponeurosis hyperplasia (MMTAH) is a new disease associated with limited mouth opening that is often misdiagnosed as a temporomandibular disorder; subsequently, patients are mistakenly treated with irreversible operations. Due to the poor presentation and characterization of symptoms, the underlying pathological conditions remain unclear. We have previously conducted a proteomic analysis of tendons derived from one MMTAH subject and one facial deformity subject using two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. However, the results were obtained for only one subject. The aim of the present study was to confirm the expression of specific molecules in tendon tissues from multiple subjects with MMTAH by applying two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Of the 19 proteins identified in tendons from both MMTAH and facial deformity patients, fibrinogen fragment D and beta-crystallin A4 were up-regulated, whereas myosin light chain 4 was down-regulated in MMTAH. We also found fibrinogen to be expressed robustly in tendon tissues of MMTAH patients. Our data provide the possibility that the distinctive expression of these novel proteins is associated with the pathology of MMTAH.     

Simultaneous Determination of Six Quaternary Ammonium Alkaloids in Coptidis Rhizoma by UPLC

Objective To establish a new, rapid, and reliable reversed-phase ultra performance liquid chromatography (RP-UPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of six quaternary ammonium alkaloids (QAAs) in Coptidis Rhizoma. Methods The effect of different experimental parameters on the analysis of QAAs by RP-UPLC was evaluated. Results Optimal resolution was achieved with an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column using a gradient elution profile and a mobile phase consisting of water spiked with 10 mmol/L ammonium bicarbonate (A, pH adjusted to 10.0 by ammonia water) and acetonitrile (B), at a flow rate of 0.30 mL/min and wavelength of 345 nm. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃. The proposed method was found to be reproducible, precise, and rapid according to the method validation. Conclusion The proposed method, which is compatible with MS analysis and the preparation of QAA, provides some helpful insights into the quality control of Coptidis Rhizoma.     

Testing a parametric function against a non‐parametric alternative in IV and GMM settings

Summary This paper develops a specification test for functional form for models identified by a conditional moment restriction, including IV and GMM settings. The framework is one where the moment restriction is specified as a function of data, a finite‐dimensional parameter vector and a non‐parametric function (an infinite‐dimensional parameter vector). The null hypothesis is that the moment restriction does not depend on the non‐parametric function. The test is relatively easy to implement and its asymptotic distribution is known. The test performs well in simulation experiments.     

临床教学伦理困境下的实习教学方法改革

随着病人主体意识和维权意识的增强,传统的床边教学法常因难于兼顾患者与学生双方的权益而不能充分开展。为了解决临床实习教学面临的难题,我院开展了集床边教学、模拟教学和网络教学等方法于一体的"多位一体"实习教学法的研究和实践。结果显示该模式能更好地兼顾患者与学生的权益,增加学生学习训练的机会,比单纯床边教学法效果更好。     

Oral health needs in individuals with trisomy 18 and trisomy 13: Implications for dental professionals

The purpose of this study was to examine oral health needs and dental care in individuals with trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 (full, mosaic, partial and other, mixed types). Primary feeding method was also examined. Data was collected from a parent‐completed, mixed method survey (TRIS Survey). Mean age in months was 120.2 (range 38 to 394 months) and 133 (range 36 to 405 months), respectively, for trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 individuals. Results indicated the majority of individuals received routine dental care from their family dentist. Approximately 80% in both groups needed some form of specialized dental care. Close to 25% and 30% of trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 individuals, respectively, required hospital admission for specialized dental care. Responses indicated the presence of excessive plaque and tooth decay across the groups with a higher incidence for individuals with trisomy 13. Although not the primary form of intake, over half of the individuals received oral feedings. Implications for dental care and management are provided along with the need for additional research to confirm or disconfirm this study's findings.