Treatment approaches for clients with a stroke‐affected upper limb: Are we following evidence‐based practice?

Stroke rehabilitation is an area of practice that many occupational therapists encounter during their career. The literature promotes a wide range of management techniques and support devices for people who have a stroke-affected upper limb, but little is known about the validity of those that occupational therapists actually use in practice. A questionnaire was sent to occupational therapists working in Queensland and northern New South Wales facilities (n = 35), in which adults with a stroke were likely to be treated. Eighteen respondents answered questions about the management techniques and support devices used in their facility, and their perception of the benefit of these devices in the reduction of hemiplegic shoulder pain. Results are discussed with reference to evidence-based practice and indicate an urgent need for the collation and dissemination of the best current evidence available for the management techniques and support devices used in this area, as well as further research to extend this evidence.     

Independent learning among general practice trainees: an initial survey

Self-directed learning is a natural way for adults to learn. Vocational training for general practice is a preparation for unsupervised clinical work that will be supported, in the main, by continuing medical education. This study uses the Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale to investigate factors influencing readiness for such learning among a sample of general practice trainees. Three principal factors emerged from analysis: enjoyment and enthusiasm for learning; a positive self-concept as a learner and a factor suggesting the possibility of a 'reproducing' orientation to learning. These factors may reflect approaches to learning in general rather than these adopted for professional learning, but offer helpful pointers for the development of both vocational training and of continuing medical education.     

北京、广州、上海城市居民营养知识、态度、行为的调查

对北京、广州和上海三大城市随机抽取的９６５名年龄在２０～５０岁的城市居民进行有关营养知识、态度和行为（Ｋ－Ａ－Ｐ）的调查。结果显示，三地区调查对象的营养知识水平不高。营养知识的得分与其自身受教育程度有相关性（ｒ＝０．３０１１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。年龄在３５岁以上的对象，营养知识的得分高于年轻人；三地区调查对象对营养知识的获取，合理的膳食模式，卫生的饮食习惯均持有积极、肯定的态度。食物消费频度调查结果表明，米／面、肉／禽、蔬菜、水果、奶及奶制品的消费量较高。此外，８９．５％，７８．８％和４７．８％的调查对象分别选择报纸、电视、广播作为其主要营养信息来源。本次调查为将来的营养宣教的内容和方法提供依据。     

Chemins vers la clinique

The author focuses attention or institutional psychotherapy and draws its clinical, philosophical and also ethical concepts in order to prove that an administrative logic of the mental institutions only leads to loose what characterise healing process. Three main axis are tackled: the concept of reaction, the concept of pathoplasty and the concept of alienation. The concept of reaction makes understandable how the atmosphere of an institution is exercising a so great influence on its patients' symptoms that a self-governing endogenic psychopathological process “that is turned away from its initial cause” is created. That results in the concept of pathoplasty, which refers to the fact that some aspects of the pathology are induced by the institution itself, from which result two main ideas of the institutional psychotherapy: a) an institution is to tie down to an auto analysis to heal its own pathological functioning; b) all the more so that an institution which doesn't could become iatrogenic. The concept of alienation is approached through the historical and philosophical aspects of the Marxist view. The author use Bataille's differentiation between restricted economy “which is in keeping with a capitalist one, susceptible of an accountable evaluation” - and general economy - which confus to negativity as a foundation for an inner social work, apart from any accountable evaluation to Hegel's mind for instance, desire is indissociable from the psychiatric heal.     

涉外护理专业学生社区毕业实习效果评价

目的 探讨涉外护理专业学生社区毕业实习模式。方法 随机设定实验组(36人),参加慢性疾病调查、建立健康档案和进行相应的健康教育,结束时与不参加社区毕业实习的对照Ⅰ组(31人)、对照Ⅱ组(38人)的实习生同时接受基础知识和能力闭卷测试。然后统计调查问卷和健康档案的正确率,并将三组测试成绩进行比较。结果 实验组调查问卷和健康档案的正确率≥95％。实习生基础知识得分实验组(43.14±2.78)、对照Ⅱ组(42.53±1.96)与对照Ⅰ组(40.65±2.47)比较;能力得分实验组(47.00±2.34)与对照Ⅰ组(41.61±3.41)、对照Ⅱ组(41.42±3.52)比较;总分实验组(90.14±4.30)与对照Ⅰ组(82.26±5.33)、对照Ⅱ组(83.95±4.13)比较,均P<0.01,差异有极显著性意义。结论 社区毕业实习强化了实习生社区护理的基本知识,培养了实习生社区护理的相关能力。但有待于规范化。     

Signs of ocular disease: A prevalence study in optometric practice

Data on the prevalence of all ocular conditions seen in 1500 consecutive optometric patients were obtained during an investigation into the effectiveness of routine visual field screening. In many instances, these are the first prevalence figures for optometric patient populations. Some of the estimates of prevalence are compared with other optometric and general population surveys. Many disorders were observed, the most frequent being slight to moderate increases in retinal arterial reflex and attenuation, optic cup/disc ratio of 0.4, shallow anterior chambers and family history of glaucoma. The occurrence of some conditions was sporadic, resulting from the relatively small sample. However, this survey may serve as an audit of ocular disease detection for other practitioners.     

高原地区部队医院谋求新发展应处理好七个关系

从高原部队医院实际出发,阐述了适应新形势谋求新发展应处理好的七个关系:即继承与创新的关系;坚持“姓军为兵的服务方向与对外有偿服务的关系;基础建设与人才建设的关系;日常医疗保障与科研的关系;发挥自身特色与学习借鉴的关系;硬件建设与软件建设的关系;科技研究与成果转化的关系。     

医院后勤服务社会化实践中的几点思考

就医院后勤服务社会化的实际操作中的几个问题进行了论述,指出实行后勤社会化服务,必须有相应的外部环境;后勤部门实行企业化管理,必须有相配套的政策作保障;实施商品化服务,必须有对等的经济意识;加大后勤服务化的力度,必须有果敢超前的决策意识。     

Through pragmatic eyes: philosophy and the re-sourcing of family nursing

Abstract   This paper explores the integral relationship between philosophy and nursing practice. The discussion begins by suggesting that philosophy is more than a set of abstract ideas or an intellectual activity; that it is a way of living and being in practice. The author contends that philosophical inquiry can improve the adequacy and relevance of family and nursing theories by promoting the examination and expansion of those theories in light of the experiences and intuitions of nurses. Offering a personal example the author exemplifies how philosophical activity can directly and experientially enhance everyday nursing practice.     

嘉兴外来人员生活环境与肠道传染病相关知信行现况调查分析

目的了解城郊结合部外来人员聚集地生活环境现况和霍乱等肠道传染病健康知信行情况,进一步明确肠道传染病防治健康教育与健康促进工作的重点开展方向。方法采用随机抽样的方法,运用统一设计的调查问卷对嘉兴市5县2区城郊结合部等外来人员聚集地进行流行病学调查。结果93.06%的调查对象以租房为主,90.61%的生活用水来源于自来水,9.25%用井水;78.61%的人知道霍乱传播途径,21.53%的人知道霍乱主要临床症状,28.03%的人知道肠道传染病全部预防措施;77.31%的知识来源于电视,其他顺位依次为书刊、广播、家人或朋友处;希望获得宣传资料形式:传单占46.68%,墙报占31.21%。结论外来人员租房人数居多,有部分人使用井水;肠道传染病相关知识了解的较少。应采取多部门齐抓共管来改善外来人员聚集地的生活环境,因地制宜地对外来人员开展有针对性的预防肠道传染病健康教育。