维持性血液透析患者动静脉血管通路穿刺管理的最佳证据总结

目的 检索、评价并汇总维持性血液透析患者动静脉血管通路穿刺管理的证据,为加强临床医护人员动静脉血管通路穿刺规范管理提供循证依据。方法 系统检索UpToDate临床顾问、美国医疗保健研究与质量局、国际指南协作网、苏格兰校际指南网、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所、加拿大安大略注册护士协会、医脉通等网站、指南库,以及ACP Journal Club、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、CINAHL、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统等数据库中关于维持性血液透析患者动静脉血管通路穿刺管理的证据,文献类型包括临床决策、指南、最佳实践、证据总结、系统评价、专家共识。检索时限为2017年1月—2021年12月。循证团队进行文献筛选、质量评价,并提取、汇总证据。结果 最终纳入8篇文献,其中临床决策2篇、指南4篇、系统评价1篇、专家共识1篇。最佳证据包括首次穿刺时机、穿刺前评估及准备、穿刺方法、穿刺成功判定、穿刺并发症处理、穿刺针拔出后按压、穿刺辅助设备、穿刺人员资质及培训8个方面,共25条证据。结论 血液净化医护人员需结合具体临床情境、证据的促进因素、阻碍因素及患者意愿,有针对性地选择最佳证据,提高动静脉血管通路一次穿刺成功率,减少穿刺相关不良事件,延长血管通路使用寿命。     

柯达CR800典型故障分析

介绍柯达800CR在使用过程中的4种典型故障,分析导致故障的原因及处理方法,提出应该加强该设备的日常维护与保养工作,以便更好的保证设备正常运转,降低设备故障率。     

家庭结合同伴教育对维持性血液透析心血管事件的影响

目的探讨家庭结合同伴教育在维持性血液透析(MHD)中的应用效果及对心血管事件的影响。方法选取2018年1月至2019年6月我院血液净化中心MHD患者102例,随机将其等分成对照组与研究组,对照组给予常规健康教育,研究组在对照组基础上给予家庭结合同伴教育。干预后,比较两组患者自我管理能力及心血管事件发生率。结果研究组自我管理行为量表各项得分均高于对照组(P<0.05),研究组心血管事件发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论家庭结合同伴教育干预能提高维持性血液透析患者的自我管理行为,降低心血管事件发生率,改善其生命质量。     

时效激励式护理干预对维持性血液透析患者自我感受负担与生活质量的影响

目的探讨时效激励式护理干预对维持性血液透析患者自我感受负担及生活质量的影响。方法选取我院2018年3月至2019年3月收治的维持性血液透析患者90例,随机等分为对照组和观察组,对照组行常规护理,观察组行时效激励式护理,比较两组患者的自我感受负担及生活质量。结果观察组干预后第1,2,3周自我感受负担量表评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组社会功能、躯体功能、生理功能及总体健康评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论时效激励式护理在维持性血液透析患者中应用,能有效缓解自我感受负担,改善生活质量。     

透析用水内毒素含量检测数据调查研究分析

目的 符合透析治疗安全的透析用水是血液透析日常治疗开展的基本保障,根据统计分析内毒素含量的变化规律,探索控制透析用水内毒素含量的管理方式.方法 对上海市21家血液净化中心(室)2019年3月至2020年2月期间透析用水的内毒素(endotoxin,ET)含量数据进行汇总与统计分析.结果 透析用水内毒素含量在全年的春季与...     

五色培元固本膏对维持性血液透析患者细胞免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨五色培元固本膏对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者细胞免疫功能的影响。方法:90例MHD患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,两组血透方法相同。对照组给予一般治疗及血透治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上口服五色培元固本膏,连续治疗3个月; 20例健康志愿者作为正常组,三组观察时间均为3个月。治疗前后用流式细胞技术检测各组T细胞亚群表达水平,酶联免疫吸附法检测各组白介素-2(IL-2)和可溶性白介素-2受体(sIL-2R)蛋白表达水平。结果:治疗前与正常组比较,对照组与治疗组CD₄⁺、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺和IL-2表达水平均明显下降,CD₈⁺和sIL-2表达水平均上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,与对照组相比较,治疗组CD₄⁺、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺、IL-2表达水平明显升高,CD₈⁺和sIL-2表达水平均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组相较正常组CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺、IL-2表达水平,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),CD₈⁺、sIL-2表达水平升高。结论:五色培元固本膏调节T淋巴细胞和IL-2表达改善MHD的细胞免疫功能。     

Multiple myeloma: Role of autologous transplantation

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been the mainstay of multiple myeloma (MM) treatment for approximately 30 years. Although the continuous introduction of novel agents in the armamentarium against MM has questioned its value, ASCT remains a backbone treatment for fit MM patients. However, there is no unanimous approach for several aspects including the positioning of ASCT in the therapeutic algorithm either upfront or following the first relapse, the need for single or tandem ASCT, as well as the role of ASCT as salvage therapy. Furthermore, the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies along with the next generation proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs provide a platform for optimizing the induction and consolidation/maintenance regimens. In this review, we present current data pertaining to all aspects of ASCT in MM, whereas we highlight the open issues that should be addressed in the design of future clinical trials in the field.     

Effect of Prophylactic Post-transplant Ponatinib Administration on Outcomes in Patients With Philadelphia Chromosome-positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

BackgroundThe objective of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the effect of ponatinib administration as maintenance therapy on the outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data from 34 consecutive patients treated at our institution from January 2008 to June 2019. We had administered post-transplant tyrosine kinase inhibitors preemptively before December 2017. Thereafter, we had initiated the prophylactic use of post-transplant ponatinib. The initial ponatinib dose was 15 mg/d. Ponatinib plasma trough levels were measured using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method 8 days after the first administration and subsequently.ResultsNine patients received ponatinib maintenance. The 2-year overall survival and leukemia-free survival in the ponatinib maintenance group tended to be better than that in the non–ponatinib group (100% vs. 70.5%, P = .10; and 100% vs. 50.8%, P = .02, respectively). In the first 7 of the 9 consecutive patients, the median plasma concentration after ponatinib administration (15 mg/d) was 15.6 ng/mL (range, 4.8-23.3 ng/mL). Although the treatment schedule for 1 patient was altered because of adverse effects (elevation of serum amylase and neutropenia), ponatinib administration was continued for all the patients, except for 1 patient with molecular relapse. One patient developed a transient elevation of serum lipase. No patient presented with any arterial occlusive events.ConclusionOur results have indicated that the strategy of ponatinib maintenance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is safe, efficacious, and promising.     

Maintenance Therapy for Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma After Total Skin Electron Irradiation: Evidence for Improved Overall Survival With Ultraviolet Therapy

BackgroundTreatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) with total skin electron beam (TSEB) therapy has been associated with deep responses but short progression-free intervals. Maintenance therapy might prolong the response duration; however, limited data assessing the outcomes with maintenance therapy after TSEB are available. We evaluated the effect of maintenance therapy on the outcomes for patients with CTCL receiving TSEB therapy.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a single-center retrospective analysis of 101 patients with CTCL who had received TSEB therapy from 1998 to 2018 at the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University and compared the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for patients had received maintenance therapy, including retinoids, interferon, ultraviolet therapy, nitrogen mustard, and extracorporeal photopheresis compared with those who had not.ResultsWe found that pooled maintenance therapies improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.60; P = .026) but not OS (median HR, 0.73; P = .264). The median PFS and OS was 7.2 months versus 9.6 months and 2.4 years versus 4.2 years for the no maintenance and maintenance groups, respectively. On exploratory analysis of the individual regimens, ultraviolet therapy was associated with improved OS (HR, 0.21; P = .034) and PFS (HR, 0.26; P = .002) compared with no maintenance.ConclusionAmong the patients with CTCL who had received TSEB therapy, maintenance therapy improved PFS for all patients, and ultraviolet-based maintenance improved both PFS and OS in a subset of patients.     

收缩压变异性和心率变异性对维持性血液透析患者MACE发生风险的预测价值

目的 探讨收缩压变异性(SBPV)和心率变异性（HRV）对维持性血液透析（MHD）患者主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生风险的预测价值。方法 纳入2017年3月—2018年3月在宜昌市中心人民医院肾病内科血液净化中心接受规律治疗的MHD患者120例,根据是否发生MACE分为MACE组（n=59）与无MACE组（n=61）。在患者行血液透析前佩戴Holter,收集24 h心电活动信息,计算均值（MEAN）、RR间期总体标准差（SDNN）、RR间期平均值的标准差（SDANN）和相邻RR间期差值的均方根（r-MSSD）。采用自动血压监测系统记录24 h血压变化,计算白昼收缩压变异性（dSBPV）、夜间收缩压变异性（nSBPV）和24 h收缩压变异性（24 h SBPV）。Logistic回归分析MHD患者MACE发生的危险因素。调整混杂因素后,采用Cox比例风险模型回归分析24 h SBPV和SDNN与MHD患者MACE发生的关系。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,计算曲线下面积（AUC）、灵敏度、特异度,分析SDNN和收缩压变异性单独及联合对维持性MHD患者发生MACE的预测价值。根据SDNN和24 h SBPV水平将患者分成3组,绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线评价不同SDNN和收缩压变异性的MHD患者MACE发生情况。结果 与无MACE组相比,MACE组年龄较大,24 h SBPV、dSBPV、nSBPV较高,SDNN、SDANN较低,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、Kt/V、24 h SBPV、dSBPV、nSBPV、SDNN、SDANN是MHD患者MACE发生的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。调整混杂因素后,多因素COX比例风险模型回归分析,24 h SBPV为MHD患者发生MACE的危险因素,而SDNN为MHD患者发生MACE的保护性因素（P＜0.05）。SDNN与收缩压变异性联合预测MHD患者发生MACE的AUC为0.879,预测效能高于单项检测（P＜0.05）。组1随访期间累积MACE发生率显著低于组2和组3（19.15% vs 65.12%vs 73.33%,P＜0.001）。结论MHD不良预后患者中24 h SBPV升高,SDNN降低,24 h SBPV和SDNN单独预测MACE的具体价值尚可,两者联合预测效果更佳,可为临床上及早识别及干预MHD患者MACE发生提供参考依据