护理干预联合左卡尼丁在维持性血液透析患者中的应用效果

目的:探讨护理干预联合左卡尼丁在维持性血液透析患者中的应用效果。方法:2017年9月至2019年10月,将86例维持性血液透析患者作为研究目标,按照随机数表法分为对照组43例(常规护理);观察组43例(系统化护理)。对比两组的护理满意度、心理健康状态以及各项炎症指标。结果:两组患者护理满意度分别为74.42%、95.35%(P<0.05)。对照组、观察组患者心理健康状况评分差异显著(P<0.05)。对照组、观察组患者白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α、C反应蛋白水平差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:通过对维持性血液透析患者采用护理干预联合左卡尼丁治疗,能够有效改善其心理健康状态、恢复各项炎症指标,疗效显著,临床应用价值较高。     

中青年维持性血液透析患者轻度认知功能损害与透析间低血压的相关性分析

目的探讨中青年维持性血液透析患者轻度认知功能损害与透析间低血压的相关性。方法回顾性分析2018年6月至2019年6月78例维持性血液透析的中青年忠者的临床资料。采用MMSE和MoCA评估所有忠者的认知功能,根据是否发生轻度认知功能损害将其分为观察组和对照组,比较两组的临床资料及各项血液指标,观察损害认知功能的危险因素,并进行相关性分析。结果观察组患者的透析时间、合并糖尿病比例、透析间低血压的发生率、血清UA和CRP水平与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。透析间低血压、糖尿病以及血清UA水平是影响中青年维持性血液透析患者发生轻度认知损害的重要危险因素。维持性血液透析患者MoCA得分与透析间低血压的发生呈负相关(r=-0.542,P<0.001)。结论透析间低血压是中青年维持性血液透析患者发生轻度认知功能损害的重要危险因素,应引起临床重视。     

Measurement of coronary artery calcification with multi-slice spiral computed tomography and the associated factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To investigate the factors correlated to coronary artery calcification (CAC) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods This study included 132 patients(54 females, 78 males), aged 26-94 years, who were on hemodialysis for 10-204 months(median dialysis duration 51.00 months). The parameters including calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, C - reactive protein (CRP), klotho, and so on were assessed. Quantification of CAC was determined by multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT), known as the coronary artery calcification score (CACs). Results Ninety-two patients (69.70%) had CAC, with CACs ranging from 0 to 13 450.20. More than 30% patients experienced one even a variety of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. A positive correlation was observed between the degree of CAC and the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Whereas a positive correlation existed between CACs and age (r=0.347, P=0.000), duration of hemodialysis (r=0.245, P= 0.005), systolic blood pressure (r=0.184, P=0.034), diabetes history (r=0.211, P=0.015), phosphorus (r= 0.262, P=0.002), calcium-phosphorus product (r=0.247, P=0.004); and a negative correlation between CACs and klotho level (r=-0.294, P=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the main factor influencing the degree of CAC in MHD patients was age. Conclusions CAC is common and widespread in hemodialysis patients, who are often accompanied by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The prevalence rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases increases with the aggravation of CAC degree. Age, duration of hemodialysis, systolic blood pressure, diabetes history, disturbance of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and klotho are correlated with the severity of CAC. Age is an independent risk factor of CAC degree.     

不同血液净化方式联合骨化三醇冲击治疗对维持性血液透析患者肾性骨病的治疗效果

目的 观察不同血液净化方式联合骨化三醇冲击治疗对维持性血液透析患者肾性骨病的疗效,探讨治疗肾性骨病的最佳方案.方法 将45例符合标准的患者按数字表法随机分为3组,每组15例.普通透析组接受血液透析治疗;血液透析滤过组接受血液透析滤过治疗,每2周1次;血液透析灌流组接受血液透析联合血液灌流治疗,每2周1次.所有患者均使用骨化三醇冲击治疗.检测治疗0、1、3个月血清钙、磷、甲状旁腺素水平.结果 治疗前3组患者血清钙、磷、甲状旁腺素水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗1个月及3个月后,血液透析组患者血钙、血磷下降水平,三组间两两比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).血液透析组甲状旁腺素水平治疗1个月及3个月与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗3个月与治疗前及治疗1个月比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血液透析滤过组和血液透析灌流组甲状旁腺素水平治疗1个月、3个月与治疗前比较明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),治疗3个月与治疗1个月比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血液透析灌流组甲状旁腺素水平治疗3个月和治疗1个月比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗3个月时,甲状旁腺素水平血液透析滤过组与血液透析灌流组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对维持性血液透析肾性骨病的患者而言,血液透析滤过及血液透析灌流联合骨化三醇冲击治疗可以有效控制肾性骨病.     

血液透析联合血液灌流改善维持性血液透析患者睡眠质量研究

目的：探讨血液透析联合血液灌流( HD+HP)对改善维持性血液透析( MHD)患者睡眠质量的临床效果。方法选取我科30例睡眠质量较差的MHD患者,随机分为HD+HP组和HD组,每组15例。治疗6个月后,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表( PSQI)评定睡眠质量,并检测治疗前后β2-MG、iPTH、CRP、血钙/磷水平的变化。结果 HD+HP组治疗后的睡眠质量指数及PSQI总分较治疗前明显下降(P<0．05),HD组治疗前后各项睡眠质量指数无显著差异(P>0．05)。 HD+HP组治疗后血β2-MG、iPTH、CRP、血磷水平较治疗前均显著下降( P<0．05), HD组治疗前后各项指标无显著差异( P>0．05)。治疗后PSQI总分与血β2-MG(r=0．93,P<0．05)、iPTH(r=0．92,P<0．05)、CRP(r=0．96,P<0．05)、血磷水平(r=0．95,P<0．05)成显著正相关。结论HD+HP能有效改善MHD患者的睡眠质量,其机制可能与进一步降低MHD患者血液中中大分子毒素和炎症因子有关。     

PICC维护网络的构建与实施对全程优质护理的影响

目的 探讨构建PICC维护网络并实施对院外带管患者全程优质护理质量的影响.方法 随机选取2012年6月至2014年6月期间接受区域导管维护患者120例为干预组,同期常规导管维护的120例患者为对照组,通过比较两组患者的PICC留置时间、维护费用、PICC相关并发症、自我护理能力、生活质量等指标,以评价PICC维护网络构建实施的效果.结果 干预组患者PICC留置时间长于对照组(P<0.05),维护费用低于对照组(P<0.05);干预组PICC相关并发症发生率为6.67%,明显低于对照组的18.33%(P<0.05),自我护理能力评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05),满意度为95.83%,显著高于对照组的76.67%(P<0.01);干预组患者生活质量评分显著高于对照组(P<0.01).结论 PICC维护网络构建与实施突破了常规PICC维护的局限性,降低并发症发生率进而延长PICC留置时间和缓解家庭经济压力,同时全程健康教育和技术指导促进自我护理能力,提高患者对护理服务的满意度,改善其生活质量,满足院外带管患者的护理需求,是一种安全且达到护患双赢的护理模式,值得在全国范围内广泛开展和应用.     

Outcomes of high-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia patients treated with arsenic trioxide (ATO)/all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) based induction and consolidation without maintenance phase: A case Series

Patients with high-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) have inferior outcomes compared with patients with low-risk APL, predominantly due to higher risk of early mortality related to hemorrhage. The majority of regimens contain prolonged maintenance, but the impact of this phase is not clear in the era of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). We present a retrospective analysis of 10 patients that were treated for high risk APL based on the consolidation treatment phase of APL 0406 study without subsequent maintenance. With a median follow up of 38 months, all patients remain in remission.     

Safety and efficacy of long-term low-dose clozapine aftercare treatment in a patient with learning difficulties who suffered from neuroleptic malignant syndrome

INTRODUCTION : Antipsychotic medication continues to be an essential component in the treatment of schizophrenia. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is one of the most serious complications of neuroleptic treatment and the optimal therapeutic aftercare regimen for patients is unclear. Also, it is not clear if low-dose neuroleptic maintenance in such patients is safe and efficient enough over time. METHOD : We present a case of a 56-year-old woman suffering from schizoaffective disorder, who was successfully treated with a low dosage of clozapine for 6.5 years following a NMS episode. RESULT : To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of such a long-term beneficial use of low-dose clozapine in a patient who previously underwent such a serious complication. CONCLUSION : Large-scale studies are needed to substantiate this observation. (Int J Psych Clin Pract 2002; 6: 121-123)     

The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for the Biological Treatment of Bipolar Disorders: Update 2012 on the long-term treatment of bipolar disorder

Abstract

Objectives. These guidelines are based on a first edition that was published in 2004, and have been edited and updated with the available scientific evidence up to October 2012. Their purpose is to supply a systematic overview of all scientific evidence pertaining to the long-term treatment of bipolar disorder in adults. Methods. Material used for these guidelines are based on a systematic literature search using various data bases. Their scientific rigor was categorised into six levels of evidence (A–F) and different grades of recommendation to ensure practicability were assigned. Results. Maintenance trial designs are complex and changed fundamentally over time; thus, it is not possible to give an overall recommendation for long-term treatment. Different scenarios have to be examined separately: Prevention of mania, depression, or an episode of any polarity, both in acute responders and in patients treated de novo. Treatment might differ in Bipolar II patients or Rapid cyclers, as well as in special subpopulations. We identified several medications preventive against new manic episodes, whereas the current state of research into the prevention of new depressive episodes is less satisfactory. Lithium continues to be the substance with the broadest base of evidence across treatment scenarios. Conclusions. Although major advances have been made since the first edition of this guideline in 2004, there are still areas of uncertainty, especially the prevention of depressive episodes and optimal long-term treatment of Bipolar II patients.