全数字化乳腺钼靶单独与联合磁共振诊断乳腺导管原位癌的准确度和成本效益分析

目的:比较全数字化乳腺钼靶单独与联合磁共振诊断乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)的准确度和成本效益,为DCIS早期筛查方案的选择提供参考依据.方法:回顾性分析我院2014年8月至2018年8月经病理检查确诊的84例DCIS患者的临床资料,整理其术前全数字化乳腺钼靶、磁共振成像(MRI)表现,分析钼靶、MRI及钼靶联合MRI诊断...     

T1WI_Star_VIBE_FS序列在头颈部放疗MR定位中扫描方法研究

目的:对比分析T 1WI_Star_VIBE_FS序列在头颈部肿瘤患者MR定位中不同扫描方式对图像质量、信噪比、对比噪声比等参数的影响,确定优选扫描方式。 方法:回顾性分析78例头颈部MR定位患者,分别采用组织补偿法(A组23例)、分段扫描拼接法(B组18例)和二者结合法(C组37例)进行增强扫描...     

人工智能在乳腺超声中的应用与发展

人工智能是利用计算机模拟人类学习、思考及作出判断的技术和方法,在医学影像领域应用中为临床流程带来便利,也为疾病诊断、治疗和预后提供更多的信息。而超声技术与人工智能的结合为乳腺诊断带来革新,本文就人工智能在乳腺超声中的流程及方法、应用和发展作一综述。     

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Buddleja globosa, Buddlejaceae

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Buddleja globosa, known as "matico", is employed in Chile for wound healing. AIM OF THE STUDY: To validate the traditional use of the crude drug through in vivo and in vitro evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant properties of its extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sequential hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and total methanol extracts were studied using bioguided fractionation. The following activities were investigated: analgesic (writhing test), oral and topic anti-inflammatory (paw- and ear-induced edema), free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase inhibition). Sodium naproxen, nimesulide, indomethacin were used as reference drugs for in vivo, quercetin and allopurinol for in vitro assays. RESULTS: A mixture of alpha- and beta-amyrins was isolated from the hexane extract that showed 41.2% of analgesic effect at 600 mg/kg, inhibited by 47.7 and 79.0% the arachidonic acid (AA) and 12-deoxyphorbol-13-decanoate (TPA)-induced inflammation at 3mg/20 microL/ear, respectively. A mixture of beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, stigmastenol, stigmastanol and campesterol was isolated from the fraction CD4-N and beta-sitosterol-glycoside from the fraction CD5-N, reducing TPA-induced inflammation by 78.2 and 83.7% at 1mg/20 microL/ear, respectively. The fraction CD4-N at 300 mg/kg also showed analgesic activity (38.7%). The methanol extract at 600mg/kg per os showed anti-inflammatory effect (61.4%), topic anti-inflammatory (56.7% on TPA) and analgesic activity (38.5%). Verbascoside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside were the major components of the methanol extract; apigenin 7-O-glucoside was also detected. Inhibition of superoxide anion, lipoperoxidation, and DPPH bleaching effect was found in the methanol serial and global extracts. CONCLUSIONS: The present report demonstrate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Buddleja globosa and validate its use in Chilean traditional medicine.     

手法针灸足三里穴脑内效应磁共振功能成像研究

目的 观察手法（补法）针灸足三里穴脑内效应的功能成像特点,探讨经络的本质和针灸治疗疾病的机理。方法 选择26 例健康志愿者,按双盲法随机分为穴位组(16例)与非穴位组(10例),使用GE Signa 1.5T超导MRI成像系统,采用Gradient echo EPI序列进行功能成像,GE Signa工作站的Functool软件进行图像后处理,获得正相关系数（CC）脑功能图,统计学分析采用SPSS13.0软件。结果 穴位组15例,13个脑功能区激活;非穴位组10例,10个脑功能区激活。其中穴位组颞叶激活区有特异性（精确概率法,P=0.022）。穴位组颞叶左右半球激活反应率差异有统计学意义（McNemer 检验,P=0.020）。结论（1）针灸穴位在脑内有特定的功能区激活,穴位的治疗作用可能是通过脑作为中介治疗器官疾病和调治器官功能紊乱。（2）经络独特传感道的存在。     

Duration of dysmenorrhoea and extent of adenomyosis visualised by magnetic resonance imaging

OBJECTIVE: Enlargement of the junctional zone (JZ) on T2-weighted resonance imaging of the uterus has recently been established as the major criterion for adenomyosis in patients with endometriosis. This study was conducted to analyse the extent of adenomyosis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and relate it to the duration of dysmenorrhoea. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective study of 70 patients presenting with the complaint of severe dysmenorrhoea. Forty patients (57%) reported dysmenorrhoea as their major complaint and 30 patients (43%) suffered additionally from infertility. Group I (n=40) consisted of patients with dysmenorrhoea of between 1 and 10 years' duration, group II (n=30) consisted of patients with dysmenorrhoea of longer than 11 years' duration. All patients underwent laparoscopy to detect the presence and degree of endometriosis, and all patients underwent T2-weighted resonance imaging of the uterus to detect the extent of adenomyosis by measurement of the "junctional zone". RESULTS: In group I, adenomyosis could be detected via MRI in 21 patients (52.5%), while 19 patients (47.5%) showed no signs of adenomyosis. By contrast, in group II a distinct enlargement of the JZ, as the major radiological criterion of adenomyosis, could be observed in 26 patients (87%), while only 4 patients (13%) revealed no signs of adenomyosis (p=0.04). The mean thickness of the JZ was significantly enlarged in group II (11.07 mm) compared with group I (6.38 mm; p<0.0001). The prevalence of adenomyosis in endometriosis after dysmenorrhoea of more than 11 years' duration was 87%. CONCLUSIONS: In deep infiltrating endometriosis, a correlation between a specific localisation and dysmenorrhoea can often not be found. Recently, endometriosis and adenomyosis have been believed to result from a common uterine disease, the dislocation of the basal endometrium. Our data clearly show that dysmenorrhoea of long duration in patients who have had endometriosis for over a threshold value of 11 years is significantly related to adenomyosis of the uterus. Hence, evaluation of adenomyosis using MRI should become a standard procedure in cases of dysmenorrhoea and endometriosis. Severe dysmenorrhoea of long duration should always focus clinical interest on adenomyosis of the uterus.     

妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的磁共振表现

目的:探讨妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤(GTT)的磁共振(MR)表现。方法:回顾分析11例经临床、诊断性刮宫或手术病理证实GTT的MR图像,分析平扫(包括T1WI、T2WI、T2*WI)及增强MR表现。结果:8例病变位于宫腔内,均累及肌层,1例宫腔内呈"葡萄"状改变,6例肌层呈"蜂窝"状改变,1例同时呈宫腔内"葡萄"状及肌层"蜂窝状"改变;3例累及宫旁组织。病变均表现为等或长T1、混杂T2信号,6例见长T1、长T2信号坏死改变,T2*WI均显示数量不等的低信号出血灶。联合带均中断或边界不清。11例均见宫旁或子宫肌层内血管不同程度的迂曲扩张。动态增强扫描病变早期即有明显强化。GTT可合并双侧卵巢黄素化囊肿,呈长T1、长T2信号,内有多个分隔,T2*WI亦显示低信号出血灶,增强扫描无明显强化。结论:GTT病变多位于子宫肌层,伴有联合带中断、边界不清及宫旁或肌层血管迂曲扩张,病变呈"葡萄"状或"蜂窝"状改变为特征性表现,动态增强扫描早期即有明显强化,可合并双侧卵巢黄素化囊肿。     

Magnetic resonance imaging and hysteroscopy to diagnose colo-uterine fistula: a rare complication of diverticulitis

Colo-uterine fistula of diverticular origin is an extremely rare disease due to the resistance of uterine tissue. Methods for diagnosis remain to be established. Non-invasive imaging like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may help to establish a proper diagnosis, but confirmation may be reached by diagnostic hysteroscopy or even surgical exploration. We report a 78-year-old female who presented with continuous dull aching pain associated with increasing constipation. MRI suspected a fistula between the posterior aspect of the uterine body and the sigmoid colon which contained extensive diverticulosis. Hysteroscopy confirmed the fistulous opening, but colonoscopy confirmed diverticular disease with no evidence of malignancy. The patient had en block surgical treatment of the uterus and the adjacent colon, followed by an uneventful recovery. The sensitivity and specificity of non-invasive imaging procedures to diagnose such cases remain to be established. As imaging procedures cannot rule out neoplasia, endoscopic procedures need to be added.     

Identification of fetal cerebral lactate using magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy has the potential to evaluate the cerebral metabolic status in the at-risk fetus. Cerebral lactate, a marker for hypoxia, has been identified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the brain of fetal animals subject to hypoxic conditions, but not in the human fetus. We report a case of a fetus with gastroschesis with elevated cerebral lactate on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.