生物活性陶瓷与细胞外基质骨形成对Ca、P、ALP影响

目的：通过钙(Ca)、磷(P)及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)评价，探讨生物活性陶瓷及细胞外基质与骨细胞相互作用机理，为骨替代材料成骨效应提供依据。方法：选用多种材料进行蒸馏水及血浆接触，体外成骨细胞培养及体内骨诱导试验。采用原子吸收，钼蓝比色及速率法分析化学性能，血浆、细胞冻溶液及组织匀浆中Ca、P、ALP的变化规律。结果：材料组体内、外接触Ca、P、ALP值高于对照组。细胞外基质复合材料组高于相应的非复合材料组。TGF-β1加材料高于BMP复合材料组，而不同材料有所不同，TCP材料高于其它材料。结论：生物活性陶瓷材料均有不同程度的Ca、P离子释放，细胞外基质及Ca、P离子可提高成骨细胞活性，异位骨形成及ALP活性。     

利用主客体分子包结现象选择分离蛇床子有效成分的方法

利用1,1,6-四苯基-2,4-已二炔-1,6-二醇(I)的包结能力,可简单而迅速地从蛇床子中选择分离出有效成分欧前胡素(2)和花椒毒素(3),收率分别为0.054%(2)和0.002%(3)。本文用UV,IR,¹HNMR和¹³CNMR验证了2和3的化学结构,并用HPLC检验了2和3的纯度。X-射线衍射晶体结构分析表明主体分子I与组分2靠氢键形成包结物,它们的摩尔比为1:2,氢键长为2.8612A。包结物晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为已P₂₁/C,晶胞参数:a=15.468(5)A,b=8.595(3)A,c=18.663(7)A,β=93.64(5)°,Z=4和R=0.088。     

Absence of a differential induction of cytochrome P450 2E1 by different alcoholic beverages in rats: implications for the aetiology of human oesophageal cancer

Alcohol is an important risk factor for human oesophageal cancer. There is evidence from epidemiological studies that some specific alcoholic drinks, e.g. Calvados apple brandy, are associated with a greater risk than others. Alcohol induces cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and the hypothesis was tested that different alcoholic beverages, containing a variety of alcoholic compounds, could differentially induce expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Twelve groups of five rats each were treated for 3 days with different alcoholic beverages (ethanol alone, whisky, farm-produced or commercial Calvados brandy, beer, cider, wine) adjusted to 4, 10 or 20% of ethanol in drinking water. Immunoblotting using a monoclonal antibody specific for rat CYP2E1 revealed a single protein band in liver microsomes. Densitometric quantitation of microsomal proteins demonstrated a significant two-, three- and sixfold increase in band intensity after treatment with ethanol concentrations of 4, 10 and 20% respectively, compared to control rats drinking water alone. There was a dose-dependent increase in liver microsomal metabolism of CYP2E1 substrates (para-nitrophenol and dimethylnitrosamine) in ethanol-treated rats. However, there were no significant differences in the level of CYP2E1 protein or enzymatic activity between the different alcoholic beverages at the same ethanol concentration. There was a slight increase in hepatic CYP1A-related enzymatic activities in the alcohol-treated rats compared to the controls, but no difference between the treated groups either with dose of ethanol or type of beverage. These data show that induction of CYP2E1 with acute alcohol treatment is predominantly determined by the ethanol content of the beverage. Received: 10 February 1997 / Accepted: 26 May 1997     

Chronic parasite infection in mice induces brain granulomas and differentially alters brain nerve growth factor levels and thermal responses in paws

Schistosoma mansoni infection, both in humans and in animal models, is known to induce granulomas in the liver and intestine. It has also been reported that in humans the eggs of this parasite can reach the brain, causing psychiatric and neuropathological disorders. Whether this also occurs in rodents is unknown. To answer this question, mice were infected with this parasite and the central nervous system (CNS) examined at various time intervals. The results show that schistosomiasis induced granulomas in several regions of the CNS and increased nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in the cortex, hypothalamus and brain stem, but not in the hippocampus. The infection also caused paw hyperalgesia, as determined by the hot-plate test, and a local increase in NGF, but not in substance P. These findings indicate that the murine model of infection can be used for studying mechanisms leading to human neuroschistosomiasis and suggest that the neuropathological disorders and the sensory deficits observed in human schistosomiasis are associated with impaired levels of NGF in the peripheral and central nervous system. Received: 18 January 1996 / Revised, accepted: 16 April 1996     

L158,809和西拉普利对体外培养系膜细胞TGF-β1表达和细胞外基质蛋白分泌的影响

目的：观察血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ARBs)L158，809和血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制剂西拉普利对体外培养人肾小球系膜细胞转化生成因子(TGF—β1)表达和纤维连接蛋白、层粘连蛋白和Ⅳ型胶原分泌的影响。方法：分别在不同葡萄糖浓度(5.6mmol／L和30mmol／L)和药物浓度(1、10、100和500μmol／L)下体外培养人肾小球系膜细胞，分别于24、48和72h后测定细胞增殖。然后将系膜细胞分为低糖(5．6mmol／L)对照组(LG)、高糖(30mmol／L)对照组(HG)、L158，809(10μmol／L)组和西拉普利(10μmmol／L)组，48h后，分别用RT-PCR法测定TGF-β1表达，ELISA和放射免疫法测定细胞上清液中TGF-β1、纤维连接蛋白、层粘连蛋白和Ⅳ胶原浓度。结果：与低糖对照组相比，高糖对照组系膜细胞过度增殖，细胞上清液中TGF-βl、纤维连接蛋白、层粘连蛋白和Ⅳ胶原浓度明显升高，TGF-βlmRNA表达也显升高；而L158，809组和西拉普利组TGF-β1和细胞外基质(ECM)蛋白水平明显低于高糖对照组，且TGF-β1mRNA水平亦表达明显降低。结论：高糖可刺激体外培养系膜细胞过度增殖，TGF-β1表达增高，ECM蛋白分泌明显增加，而L158，809和西拉普利均可抑制高糖环境下上述现象。     

车前子对高脂血症大鼠脂质过氧化的影响

目的 :　探讨车前子对高脂血症大鼠脂质过氧化的影响。方法 :　采用大鼠血清及多脏器组织 ,观察车前子对高脂血症大鼠脂质过氧化的影响。结果 :　高脂对照组血清和心肌超氧化物歧化酶 ( SOD)活性显著降低 ,而脂质过氧化物 ( LPO)含量明显升高 ,血清和肝脏的过氧化氢酶( CAT)、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶 ( GSH-Px)活性明显降低。补充车前子后显著升高血清及心肌组织SOD活性 2 2 %和 2 8% ,以及肝脏 GSH-Px活性 2 2 %。而使血清及心肌的 LPO含量分别下降 3 2 %和 1 7%。结论 :　 1 5 g/kg车前子可提高高脂血症大鼠体内抗氧化能力并免受自由基损伤     

神经肽P物质对肉芽组织成纤维细胞增殖及表皮生长因子基因表达的作用

目的：探讨感觉神经肽P物质（SP）对离体培养的肉芽组织成纤维细胞的促增殖作用及其对表皮生长因子（EGF）基因表达的调控作用。方法：采用MTT法测定SP对肉芽组织成纤维细胞的促增殖作用；采用逆转录－聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）方法检测SP对成纤维细胞EGF基因表达的调控作用，观察时间及剂量－效应关系。结果：10^-9～10^-5mol/L的SP在体外对肉芽组织成纤维细胞均具有明显的促增殖作用（P＜0．01），且具有明显的剂量依赖性（γ=0.594,P＜0．01），EGF抗体只能部分抑制这一作用（与对照组比较，P＜0．01；与10^-7mol/L SP组比较，P＜0．05）。10^-7mol/L SP可诱导成纤维细胞EGF mRNA的表达，在作用后6h与对照组比较，差异有非常显著性意义（P＜0．01）；SP在10^-8～10^-6mol/L范围内可以显著促进成纤维细胞EGF mRNA表达，在10^-7mol/L达到峰值，当浓度＞10^-7mol/L时，其促EGF mRNA表达的效应强度随浓度升高而有所降低，至10^-5mol/L时与对照组比较，差异无显著性意义。结论：SP对肉芽组织成纤维细胞具有明显的促增殖作用，这种作用与其诱导成纤维细胞EGF表达有关。     

P38MAPK抑制剂对缺血/再灌注大鼠肾脏功能损伤的保护作用

目的：观察P38MAPK抑制剂对缺血／再灌注大鼠肾脏功能损伤的保护作用。方法：夹闭肾动脉制遣大鼠肾脏缺血／再灌注损伤动物模型，静脉注射P38MAPK抑制剂阻断P38MAPK信号转导通路，测量其对肾功能及细胞因子含量的影响。结果：肾脏和血浆中TNF—α和IL-β含量随缺血／再灌注时间的延长而升高，肾功能损伤也随缺血／再灌注时间的延长而加重。应用P38MAPK抑制剂可显著降低TNF-α和IL-β含量，对缺血／再灌注所致的肾功能损伤具有明显改善作用。结论：P38MAPK抑制剂可通过抑制致炎因子的产生而减轻缺血/再灌注所致的大鼠肾脏功能损伤。     

须恙螨作为肾综合征出血热宿主的初步调查及实验研究

通过本次流行病学调查和实验研究，发现须恙螨主要分布于肾综合征出血热流行区，其地理分布与疫区的病例分布基本一致。主要传染源黑线姬鼠鼠体带螨指数为２５．１；从鼠肺抗原阳性鼠体所采集的须恙螨幼虫和小黑板采集经叮刺吸食已感染本病病毒的小白鼠乳鼠体液后的游离螨幼虫，分别分离到１株病毒，证明须恙螨具备传播媒介的先决条件。     

Development of tyrosine hydroxylase-, dopamine- and dopamine β-hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in a teleost, the three-spined stickleback

The development of catecholaminergic neuronal systems in the brain of a teleost, the three-spined stickleback, was studied through embryonic to early larval stages by immunocytochemistry using specific antibodies against dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine β-hydroxylase. By analysing the spatiotemporal patterns of development for the catecholaminergic nuclei, possible homologies with nuclei in amniote brains have been identified.

The noradrenergic neurons in the isthmus region of the rostral rhombencephalon originate in the same manner as the A4–A7 + subcoeruleus group in mammals. Their developmental characteristics show the largest similarities with the subcoeruleus group of birds and mammals, although some features are shared with developing A6 (locus coeruleus) neurons.

Catecholaminergic neurons never appear during development in the ventral mesencephalon of the three-spined stickleback. A group of large dopaminergic neurons that accompany the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons follows the border between the hypothalamus and the ventral thalamus into the caudal hypothalamus, where they are continuous with the dopaminergic neurons in the posterior tuberculum. They are thus topologically comparable with the dopaminergic neurons of the zona incerta in mammals.

The dopaminergic CSF-contacting neurons that line the median, lateral and posterior recesses of the third ventricle do not contain tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactivity at any developmental stage. This indicates that they take up and accumulate exogenous dopamine or -dihydroxyphenylalanine, and do not synthesize dopamine from tyrosine at any developmental stage. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons appear in the pineal organ on the day of hatching (120 h post-fertilization). They were still observed in 240-h-old larvae, but are absent in the pineal organ of adult sticklebacks.

The initial appearance and subsequent differentiation of catecholaminergic neurons in the stickle-back embryo follow essentially the same spatial and temporal pattern as in amphibian, avian and mammalian embryos. This observation supports the hypothesis that morphologically, topologically and chemically similar monoaminergic neurons in different vertebrate classes are homologous.