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排序方式: 共有1808条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
James P. Steinberg 《Emerging infectious diseases》2010,16(10):1653-1654
102.
GERALDO SADOYAMA KÁTIA REGINA NETTO DOS SANTOS ANIKE PEREIRA BRILHANTE PAULO PINTO GONTIJO FILHO 《APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica》2008,116(11):953-960
Staphylococci are a common cause of catheter‐related bloodstream infection (CR‐BSI), and epidemiological typing is an important tool for effective infection control. This study evaluated by PFGE and rep‐PCR whether Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from skin and catheter tips were related to specimens isolated from blood. A prospective observational study, carried out in a clinical surgical ward at a Brazilian hospital between September 2000 and November 2002, investigated non‐tunneled central venous catheters from 179 patients. S. aureus isolates were mainly obtained from blood (41.4%), while coagulase‐negative staphylococci strains were more often isolated from the skin at the catheter insertion site (49.7%) and from the catheter tip (57.5%). Among the 21 strains isolated from 9 patients at 2 or 3 sites simultaneously, 9 were methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 12 were methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). Seven patients harbored the same S. aureus strain isolated from the skin, blood and/or catheter tip cultures. MRSA isolates belonged to one PFGE pattern (type A‐ subtypes A1, A2 and A3), and to two rep‐PCR patterns (a and b). MSSA isolates were distinguished in five PFGE (B to F) and in three rep‐PCR (c, d and e) patterns. Both PFGE and rep‐PCR methods indicated that the skin at the catheter insertion site was the origin of CR‐BSI caused by S. aureus. 相似文献
103.
Farah Mushtaq Sandra Hildrew Gabriel Okugbeni Richard W Ellis 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》2008,97(7):985-987
Panton–Valentine leucocidin (PVL) toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) are associated with skin abscesses and furunculosis, with necrotizing pneumonia being a relatively rare problem. Here, we describe a fatal case of necrotizing pneumonia in a 14-year-old child who presented initially with sore throat and pyrexia. He deteriorated rapidly, developing hypotension, multiple organ failure and purpura fulminans. S. aureus was isolated from the tracheal aspirate, which was found to be positive for PVL, toxic shock syndrome toxins (TSST) 1 and 2 and staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC). It was postulated that purpura fulminans and toxic shock syndrome were a result of the abovementioned exotoxins.
Conclusion: This case highlights the emergence of PVL-positive community-acquired S. aureus infection and association of purpura fulminans with superantigens. Practitioners should be aware of this illness in order to initiate appropriate treatment. 相似文献
Conclusion: This case highlights the emergence of PVL-positive community-acquired S. aureus infection and association of purpura fulminans with superantigens. Practitioners should be aware of this illness in order to initiate appropriate treatment. 相似文献
104.
105.
R.R.W. Brady C. McDermott F. Cameron C. Graham A.P. Gibb 《The Journal of hospital infection》2009,73(3):264-270
Effective infection control practice requires knowledge of and adherence to contemporary infection control guidelines. Utilising a novel questionnaire tool, we evaluated knowledge of recently published guidelines on meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) precautions in a number of relevant healthcare worker (HCW) populations. The questionnaire was developed from national UK MRSA practice guidelines and consisted of 10 ‘true or false’ statements. The questionnaire was utilised to assess knowledge in 293 participants from HCW and control populations. The participants included 188 doctors attending the British Medical Association's Annual Representatives Meeting, 52 trainee surgeons attending the Association of Surgeons in Training annual conference, 30 members of a non-clinical control population and 23 infection control nurses (ICNs). The mean (SD) score for knowledge levels obtained from doctors was 6.6 (1.68), for non-clinical control population was 4.7 (1.8) and for ICNs, 8.4 (1.12). There were significant differences in knowledge levels between different population groups (P < 0.001), UK employment region of the participant (P = 0.01) and the doctors' medical specialty (P = 0.02). Career seniority and gender of the participant were not significantly associated with differences in levels of knowledge. This questionnaire study evaluates a novel discriminatory questionnaire tool which differentiates knowledge levels of MRSA practice guidelines among a non-clinical population, HCWs and specialist infection control staff, thus providing a means for the rapid assessment of MRSA educational interventions. We identify demographics within HCW target populations which are associated with low levels of such knowledge. Consideration towards revising current HCW educational programmes to improve knowledge and best practice in MRSA prevention is required. 相似文献
106.
107.
AIM: Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonisation or infection is of particular importance in patients undergoing operations involving implantable materials, such as in orthopaedic surgery. An audit of the perioperative management of orthopaedic patients in the Oxford region was carried out to assess the level of clinician awareness and the uniformity of current guidelines between hospitals. METHODS: A postal questionnaire was designed for asking information on various aspects of perioperative management of MRSA patients and was sent to each hospital. RESULTS: Responses were obtained from nine of 10 hospitals in the region. The average response rate for each hospital was 75%, and the overall individual response rate was 67.5% (27/40). Seventy-eight per cent of respondents knew that there was a pre-admission screening policy. Fifteen per cent were unaware of any MRSA policy. Forty-four per cent indicated that teicoplanin was used for prophylaxis in implant surgery whilst 44% used vancomycin. Eighteen per cent believed that cefuroxime was used for prophylaxis. Forty-eight per cent of hospitals had an MRSA-free zone for orthopaedic patients. CONCLUSION: This study indicates a lack of uniformity in the perioperative management of MRSA-positive patients in the region and a lack of awareness of both MRSA guidelines and their implementation. Uniformity of MRSA guidelines is necessary to allow better clinician awareness and compliance, especially in surgical trainees who are travelling between different training hospitals in the region. Implementation of such a policy with re-audit of subsequent awareness and compliance is proposed. 相似文献
108.
109.
Denis Libeert Dimitri Declercq Simeon Wanyama Muriel Thomas Sabine Van daele Frans De Baets Stephanie Van Biervliet 《Journal of cystic fibrosis》2018,17(2):264-270
Background
Long-term effect of enteral tube feeding (ETF) in cystic fibrosis (CF) remains equivocal.Methods
A Belgian CF registry based, retrospective, longitudinal study, evaluated the pre- and post- ETF (n?=?113) clinical evolution and compared each patient with 2 age, gender, pancreatic status and genotype class-matched controls.Results
At baseline ETF had a worse BMI z-score (p?<?0.0001) and FEV1% (p?<?0.0001) compared to controls. Patients eventually receiving ETF, had already a significant worse nutritional status and pulmonary function at first entry in the registry. Both parameters displayed a significant decline before ETF-introduction. ETF had more hospitalization and intravenous antibiotic (IVAB) treatment days (p?<?0.0001). After ETF introduction hospitalizations and IVAB decreased significantly. After ETF-introduction BMI z-score recuperated towards the original curve before the decline, but remained below the controls. Starting ETF had no effect on rate of height gain in children. The pre-index FEV1 decline (?1.52%/year (p?=?0.002)) stabilized to +0.39%/year afterwards. Controls displayed decline of ?0.48%/year (p?<?0.0001).Conclusion
ETF introduction improved BMI z-score and stabilized FEV1, associated with less hospitalizations and IVAB treatments. Higher mortality and transplantation in the ETF cases, leading to drop-outs, made determination of the effect size difficult. 相似文献110.
Kayo Osawa Chiemi Baba Tuyoshi Ishimoto Toshio Chida Noboru Okamura Shuji Miyake Yasuyuki Yoshizawa Hospital Infection Control Committee 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2003,9(2):172-177
We experienced a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) outbreak in two wards at our medical school teaching hospital during the period of July–September 1997. To determine
whether these MRSA clinical isolates were associated with environmental factors, we conducted two sequential MRSA surveys
of the hospital staff and surroundings in wards with outbreaks (wards 1 and 2) and in one ward without an outbreak (ward 3)
in April 1998 (ward 1 only) and in March 1999 (wards 1, 2, and 3). In the two sequential surveys, MRSA strains were detected
mainly from white coats. MRSA strains isolated from fingers in the first survey were decreased in the second survey. The pulsed-field
gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of the strains isolated in the two surveys were classified into five types (A–E). Type
D, including the outbreak pattern of the MRSA in ward 1 in 1997, was reduced between the first and second surveys by managing
microbiological hygiene, suggesting that the outbreak was controlled in ward 1. On the other hand, the strains isolated in
the second survey in ward 2 were mainly type E, which was also common among clinical isolates from ward 2 during the latter
half of 1998 to 1999. This suggested a high probability of cross-infection between the patients and the hospital staff in
the ward. Our observations suggest that doctors and nurses should be cautious that their coats might be contaminated with
the prevailing strains of MRSA. We also concluded that the surveys were very useful for the successful management of MRSA
infections.
Received: July 29, 2002 / Accepted: December 6, 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" Yasuyuki Yoshizawa (chairman), Yukio Oshima, Fujio Numano, Kenichi Sugihara, Kenichi Shinomiya, Naoki Yamamoto, Nobuo
Nara, Kimiyoshi Hirakawa, Keisuke Amou, Masato Yasuhara, Junko Koike, Kiyoshi Noda, Fumiaki Marumo, Kozo Takase, Toru Sakamoto,
and Takasuke Imai
RID="*"
ID="*" Hospital Infection Control Committee members
Acknowledgments We appreciate Dr. Vernon L. Moore for his critical review and Dr. M. Nishibori for the survey methods, and the staff of the
Division of Microbiology, Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Public Health, for performing the software analysis. 相似文献