尿转化生长因子-β1和细胞外基质在慢性肾小球肾病中的变化

目的：探讨尿中转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）和细胞外基质（ECM）在各种慢性肾小球肾病患者中的变化及其临床意义。方法：将105例慢性肾小球患者进行临床和病理分组,采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）分别检测各组的尿TGF-β1水平,同时采用放射免疫分析法（RIA）检测尿中的各种ECM,所有检测值均用尿肌酐（Cr）浓度进行校正。结果：在不同临床分组中,尿TGF-β1/Cr和LN/Cr、PCⅢ/Cr、Ⅳ-C/Cr水平明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）,尿HA/Cr水平则在Ⅲ、Ⅳ组中出现下降。而在不同的病理分组中,肾小球轻微病变（GML）组尿中TGF-β1、ECM与对照组比较无统计学意义,其他各病理分组则出现不同的变化。相关性分析尿TGF-β1/Cr与LN/Cr、PCⅢ/Cr、Ⅳ-C/Cr正相关,与HA/Cr无相关性。结论：通过尿TGF-β1和ECM在慢性肾小球肾病患者中的联合检测,对评价慢性肾小球肾病的进展和预后判断提供一定的临床价值。     

Hypothalamic hamartoma with bilateral anophthalmia

Introduction Hypothalamic hamartomas are congenital malformations. Clinically, they can be asymptomatic, but they cause seizures, mental retardation and precocious puberty in many cases. Case report A 20-day-old boy with hypothalamic hamartoma and bilateral anophthalmia was presented. Except those, no other congenital anomaly was detected. Conclusion This is a rare case of hypothalamic hamartoma with bilateral anophthalmia. The mutations at SOX2 has an important role in the developing brain and eyes.     

Blockade of LTB4-induced chemotaxis by bioactive molecules interfering with the BLT2-Gαi interaction

BLT2, a low-affinity leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) receptor, is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family and is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Despite its clinical implications, however, no pharmacological inhibitors are available. In the present study, we screened for small molecules that interfere with the interaction between the third intracellular loop region of BLT2 (BLT2_iL3) and the Gα_i3 protein subunit (Gα_i3), using a high-throughput screening (HTS) assay with a library of 1040 FDA-approved drugs and bioactive compounds. We identified two small molecules—purpurin [1,2,4-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone; IC₅₀ = 1.6 μM for BLT2] and chloranil [tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone; IC₅₀ = 0.42 μM for BLT2]—as specific BLT2-blocking agents. We found that blockade of the BLT2_iL3-Gα_i3 interaction by these small molecules inhibited the BLT2-downstream signaling cascade. For example, BLT2-signaling to phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt phosphorylation was completely abolished by these molecules. Furthermore, we observed that these small molecules blocked LTB₄-induced chemotaxis by inhibiting the BLT2-PI3K/Akt-downstream, Rac1-reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway. Taken together, our results show that purpurin and chloranil interfere with the interaction between BLT2_iL3 and Gα_i3 and thus block the biological functions of BLT2 (e.g., chemotaxis). The present findings suggest a potential application of purpurin and chloranil as pharmacological therapeutic agents against BLT2-associated inflammatory human diseases.     

The effect of immigrant generation and duration on self-rated health among US adults 2003–2007

Global self-rated health (SRH) is increasingly a key indicator in the assessment of immigrant health. However, evidence of the impact on SRH of generational status, duration of residence in the US, and socioeconomic status (SES) among immigrants and their offspring is limited and inconsistent. We overcome limitations in existing research on this topic by using a uniquely large and diverse data source, the March Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey (CPS; 2003–2007) (n = 637,209). As a result, we are able to disaggregate results by race/ethnicity, account for country of origin, and consider the role of multiple dimensions of SES. We find that overall first-generation immigrants in the US have lower odds of poor/fair SRH compared to the third-generation. This association is particularly strong for blacks and Hispanics but not significant for Asians. Among first-generation Asians and Hispanics, longer duration of residence is positively associated with poor/fair SRH. Finally, socioeconomic gradients in SRH tend to be less pronounced among the first-generation (versus the third) and, within the first-generation, among recent arrivals (versus those with longer durations). Our results highlight the importance of explicitly accounting for multiple immigration-related variables and their interactions with race/ethnicity and SES. Otherwise, studies may misestimate SRH differences by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. The continued growth of the US immigrant population and the second-generation underscore the need to examine patterns in immigrant health systematically.     

结直肠癌复发再手术60例报告

目的为探讨结直肠癌术后复发的原因、诊断和术后复发的治疗效果。方法笔者回顾性分析10年间收治的60例结直肠癌术后复发患者的临床资料。结果手术后2年内复发40例(66.7%)。60例中吻合口处复发15例,腹腔、盆腔内复发20例,会阴部复发10例,肝脏转移8例,腹壁切口复发7例。全组患者均再次行手术治疗,其中根治性切除38例,姑息性切除22例。再手术后的1,3,5年生存率根治性切除分别为93.6%,48.8%,36.3%;姑息性切除为54.5%,0,0。结论重视术中无瘤技术、切除足够的肠管、彻底清除淋巴结及其所在的肠系膜、消灭微小转移灶是预防结直肠癌术后复发的主要措施。对复发患者应根据复发部位、病期早晚选择以手术为主的综合治疗方案。     

十二指肠镜、腹腔镜联合治疗肝外胆管结石

目的探讨十二指肠镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石并胆管结石的临床效果。方法回顾分析7年间106例胆囊结石并胆管结石患者的临床资料。106例均先行内镜下十二指肠乳头切开(EST)取石、鼻胆引流(ENBD)然后行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)。结果EST取石成功101例(95.3%);并发症包括胰腺炎(高淀粉酶血症)11例(10.4%),出血1例,急性胆管炎2例,均经对症处理治愈。全组病例无死亡,均痊愈出院。85例获平均3.1年随访,术后复发胆管结石5例(5.9%),十二指肠乳突部再狭窄1例;另发生胆管癌2例,其他原因死亡2例。结论联合EST和LC治疗肝外胆管结石是一种安全有效的微创手术方法。     

Physical activity consultation for people with Type 2 diabetes: evidence and guidelines.

Physical activity is an important, but often underused, therapeutic strategy within diabetes care. To date, little is known about the best way to promote physical activity in diabetes care. Physical activity consultation is an intervention designed to promote physical activity behaviour change. This article provides guidelines on how to conduct a physical activity consultation with people who have Type 2 diabetes, and reviews the evidence surrounding the effectiveness of this intervention in this population. The trans-theoretical model is the underlying theory of behaviour change for the physical activity consultation intervention. The review identifies research which supports the use of this model for understanding physical activity behaviour in people with Type 2 diabetes. The review outlines a number of modifiable variables associated with physical activity behaviour change in this population. How each of these variables is addressed within the guidelines for conducting a physical activity consultation is identified. Finally, limited but consistent research highlights the effectiveness of physical activity consultation for promoting physical activity in people with Type 2 diabetes.     

Distension-induced gastric accommodation in functional dyspepsia: effect of autonomic manipulation

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is associated with impaired gastric accommodation and autonomic dysregulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of autonomic manipulation on distension-induced gastric accommodation in subjects with and without FD, using a newly developed gastric barostat paradigm. Twelve healthy subjects (HS) and 18 subjects with FD had four barostat examinations each: no intervention, intravenous atropine (1 mg), vagal stimulation (mental relaxation with deep breathing) and acute stress stimulation (serial subtraction task). Intrabag pressure increased from 1 to 15 mmHg in 5 min (ramp phase), and was maintained at 15 mmHg for 5 min (tonic phase). Volume responses were analysed using predefined parameters. There were no significant group differences in accommodation variables between HS and subjects with FD. The FD group could be subdivided into two distinct subgroups: subgroup 1 (n = 7, 38%) with low maximum volume and accommodation rate, and subgroup 2 with normal accommodation (n = 11). In subgroup 1, but not in subgroup 2 atropine increased maximum volume and accommodation rate substantially. Neither mental stress nor mental relaxation changed any of the accommodation variables. In a subgroup of subjects with FD, impairment of distension-induced gastric accommodation can be improved by cholinergic blockade, but not by acute physiological autonomic manipulation.     

建立白介素-1β诱导小型猪冠状动脉狭窄动物模型

目的探讨建立快速、稳定冠状动脉狭窄程度符合临床干预治疗的动物模型方法。方法将小型猪40头随机分为5组,每组8头分别开胸手术,游离搔刮冠状动脉前降支和回旋支外膜并按组包裹含不同剂量白介素-1β(IL-1β)纸巾,IL-1β含量依次为0、3.0、4.5、6.0、7.5μg。术后2周行冠状动脉造影,观察局部冠状动脉狭窄病变情况,处死动物,对包裹纸巾的冠状动脉血管段行病理分析。结果冠状动脉造影见各组冠状动脉管腔平均狭窄程度依IL-1β剂量分别为0、20.61%、39.58%、77.34%、93.79%。IL-1β剂量7.5μg组中2头猪前降支100%狭窄,1头于术后11d死亡未作造影。组织病理学检查见含IL-1β纸巾包裹的冠状动脉血管内膜均有不同程度的增生、炎性细胞浸润、管腔缩小,增生的血管内膜内可见少量血管平滑肌细胞;不含IL-1β纸巾包裹的冠状动脉血管内膜和中膜无增生,管腔无变化。结论采用游离搔刮小型猪冠状动脉前降支和回旋支外膜并包裹含IL-1β6.0μg的纸巾,2周内可建立起稳定、可靠、狭窄程度符合临床冠心病干预治疗的实验研究动物模型。