A VIP antagonist distinguishes VIP receptors on spinal cord cells and lymphocytes

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide which also interacts with cells of the immune system. The paucity of specific VIP receptor antagonists has hampered studies of possible receptor heterogeneity and of VIP function. To aid in achieving these goals, a new VIP antagonist, a hybrid between neurotensin and VIP, has been synthesized. This peptide interacted with VIP receptors on spinal cord cells with an affinity 10-fold greater than VIP itself. In contrast, 1000-fold higher concentrations of the antagonist were required to displace labeled VIP from its receptor on lymphoid cells as compared to VIP itself, suggesting VIP receptor heterogeneity between immune and spinal cord cells.     

免疫性血小板减少性紫癜辨证分型与血小板表面相关抗体及T淋巴细胞亚群的关系

为探讨免疫性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）中医辨证分型与免疫机理的关系,将ITP患者中医辨证分型结合血小板相关抗体（PAIg）及T淋巴细胞亚群进行分析。发现作为本病主要抗体的PAIgG脾肾阴亏型明显高于脾虚失统型（P<0.01）;OKT₈⁺值亦显著高于脾虚失统型（P<0.05）,OKT₄⁺/OKT₈⁺比值则明显低于脾虚失统型（P<0.05）。提示脾肾阴亏型的免疫损伤程度较脾虚失统型严重。     

慢性再生障碍性贫血患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群改变与中医分型的关系

用McAb和ABC法测定了38例慢性再生障碍性贫血(CAA)患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(简称T亚群)。与健康人相比,CAA的Ts明显增高(P<0.001),Th/T5明显降低(P<0.001)。并发现外周血Hb水平、病程、疗效及中医证型与T亚群相关。按气血两虚肾阳虚、肾阴虚、肾阴阳两虚的顺序,患者Th逐渐降低,Ts逐渐升高,Th/Ts明显降低。后两组比前两组Th/Ts下降更显著(P<0.01),提示阳损及阴时机体免疫机能发生更大的改变,从T亚群水平揭示了中医证型特别是肾阳虚、肾阴虚的内涵。     

猕猴组织工程化骨异体植入修复骨缺损T淋巴细胞亚群的检测

目的　通过对T淋巴细胞亚群的检测 ,从免疫学方面探讨同种异体细胞来源的组织工程化骨植入猕猴体内修复长段骨缺损的可行性。方法　用骨髓基质干细胞 (MSCs)经诱导分化为成骨样细胞后与生物衍生骨材料复合培养 ,体外构建组织工程化骨 ,植入 15只异体猕猴体内桥接桡骨 2 .5cm节段骨缺损作为实验组 ;用单纯生物衍生骨材料桥接对侧同样大小骨缺损作为对照组 ;分别于术后 1、2、3、6、12周抽取静脉血和作双侧局部组织取材 ,样本应用流式细胞术检测T淋巴细胞亚群CD3 /CD4 /CD45 、CD3 /CD8 /CD45 和CD2 8 阳性率。结果　术后第 1、2、3、6、12周实验组和对照组T淋巴细胞亚群CD3 /CD4 /CD45 、CD3 /CD8 /CD45 和CD2 8 阳性率两者差异均无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　生物衍生骨材料和猕猴MSCs复合构建组织工程化骨植入异体猕猴体内其术后 12周内免疫反应水平低 ,可用以修复猕猴节段骨缺损。     

Blood lymphocyte subsets in ATG-treated and allografted rats

Abstract. A single dose of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG) was given as the sole immunosuppressive therapy in a model of strong MHC barrier rat heart allotransplantation. PVG/c hearts transplanted to Wistar/Kyoto (WKy) rats resulted in long-term surviving (LTS) grafts and cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) unresponsiveness in 50% of the animals. The effects of ATG treatment on the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were studied by flow cytometry. The absolute T-lymphocyte levels decreased to less than 5% and were normalized after 2 weeks. CD8-positive cells were normalized within 1 week, whereas CD4-and CD5-positive cells remained low. Rats with LTS grafts had low levels of all T-lymphocyte markers, especially the CD4-and CD5-positive cells. Rats rejecting their grafts showed an eightfold increase in levels of CD8-and CD5-positive lymphocytes and a twofold increase in levels of CD4-expressing lymphocytes. It is concluded that ATG treatment causes the immediate elimination of large lymphoid populations as well as long-lasting immunomodulation detectable in peripheral blood.     

老年人免疫功能异常变化的临床观察及其评价(Ⅰ)

老年人生理适应与防卫能力进行性下降,对有害因子易伤性增加,导致多种老年病的发生。因此,免疫系统功能与衰老的关系问题,已是现代老年病学和免疫学进行多方深入研究的重要内容。我们近两年多来对老年人免疫功能变化做了临床观察检测与统计分析。现报告如下。 1.临床资料     

雷公藤挥发油对小鼠免疫功能的影响

观察雷公藤挥发油对小鼠免疫功能的影响,发现给药1周后,其可减少脾脏有核细胞数,减少 PFC 和 RFC 数目,抑制脾细胞对 ConA 诱导 T 细胞增殖的反应性,减轻DTH。这说明雷公藤挥发油对小鼠体液免疫和细胞免疫均有明显的抑制作用。     

Effect of Postnatal Ethanol Exposure on Expression of Differentiation Antigens of Murine Splenic Lymphocytes

Ethanol is a recognized immunosuppressive agent in the chronic alcoholic. However, the effects of ethanol exposure on the developing immune system have not been extensively investigated. This study evaluated the effects of early postnatal ethanol exposure, via breast milk, on splenic lymphocyte differentiation antigen expression in offspring reared by ethanol-fed mice. Maternal mice were fed a liquid diet containing 20% ethanol-derived calories during pregnancy (E-P), pregnancy and lactation (E-PL), or lactation (E-L). Ad libitumfed (C) and pair-fed (PF) control groups, fed a control liquid diet, were included. Expression of differentiation antigens on splenic lymphocytes from 21-day-old offspring reared by females in 1 of the 3 ethanol exposure conditions was evaluated by flow cytometry. Offspring reared by E-P females had similar numbers of splenic lymphocytes as offspring reared by C and pair-fed during pregnancy (PF-P) females. In contrast, offspring reared by E-PL and E-L females had fewer splenic lymphocytes than both PF-PL and PF-L (respectively), and C offspring. The number of Thy 1.2⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and IgG⁺ (B-cell) splenic lymphocytes was reduced in E-PL and E-L offspring compared with PF and C offspring. E-P offspring had fewer CD4⁺ and IgG⁺ splenic lymphocytes than C, but not PF-P, offspring. The percentage of Thy 1.2⁺ splenic lymphocytes was significantly reduced among E-PL and E-L offspring compared with PF-PL and PF-L (respectively), and C offspring. These results suggest that ethanol exposure of female mice during pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation, or lactation alone, alters the phenotypic development of splenic lymphocytes of offspring reared by these females. The greatest effect on differentiation antigen expression occurred when females consumed ethanol during the period of lactation. We speculate that direct exposure of the nursing offspring to ethanol via the breast milk was responsible for the reductions in specific splenic lymphocyte populations. These data demonstrate that mice reared by females fed ethanol during the early postnatal period have a marked depletion of each of the major subpopulations of splenic lymphocytes, and that Thy 1.2⁺ lymphocytes are differentially sensitive to ethanol.     

Bacterial superantigen enhances cytokine production by T-helper lymphocyte subset-2 cells and modifies glomerular lesions in experimental immunoglobulin a nephropathy

Background The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of bacterial suporantigens, which can derange the immune response and contribute to the renal lesions of immunoglobulin A (lgA) nephropathy. Methods Twenty-five micrograms of a bacterial superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), was injected into IgA nephropathy-prone ddY mice intrathymically when they reached 6 weeks of age. Evaluation included measurement of albumin excretion in urine, immunoglobulin concentration, and lymphokine production in vitro, as well as analysis of T-cell receptor expression in splenic T-cell subsets and examination of renal histology by light and fluorescence microscopy. Results At 40 weeks of age, the serum level of IgA in these mice was substantially increased and the number of Vβ8⁺ CD4⁺splenic T-cells was significantly decreased compared with measurements in untreated controls. Both control and SEB-treated mice excreted less than 30 μg/mL of urinary albumin. In mice given SEB, the amount of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (T helper 1 [Th1]-type cytokines) produced by the in vitro-stimulated lymphocytes significantly decreased. whereas that of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (Th2-type cytokines) markedly increased compared with measurements in control mice. At 40 weeks of age, mice given SEB showed marked glomerular hypercellularity and enhanced glomerular C3 deposition by renal histology, compared with control mice. Conclusion These results suggest that bacterial superantigen SEB may modify glomerular lesions through activating Th2 cells, while inducing deletion of Th1 cells in this experimental model.     

腹腔镜与开腹幽门环肌切开术的前瞻性比较研究

目的研究比较腹腔镜幽门环肌切开术（LP）和开腹幽门环肌切开术（OP）治疗先天性幽门肥厚性狭窄的疗效及免疫功能的变化。方法自2003年4月-2006年7月将72例先天性幽门肥厚性狭窄患儿随机分成二组（LP组及OP组各36例），比较二组麻醉时间、手术时间、术后进食时间及术后并发症，监测二组术前、术后第一天、术后第三天的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、C反应蛋白（CRP）及白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）的变化并行对比研究。结果二组麻醉时间、手术时间、术后进食时间差异无统计学意义，OP组术后并发症要略多于LP组，比较二组术前、术后第一天、术后第三天的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、CRP及IL-6和TNF的变化差异无统计学意义。结论腹腔镜幽门环肌切开术（LP）和开腹幽门环肌切开术（OP）治疗先天性幽门肥厚性狭窄的临床效果相近，二组患儿免疫功能的变化无显著性差异。腹腔镜幽门环肌切开术是一种稳定、可靠的手术，对于治疗先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的效果满意。