基因重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对急性坏死性胰腺炎犬肠道细菌移位的影响

目的探讨基因重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）对急性坏死性胰腺炎（ＡＮＰ）犬肠道细菌移位的影响。方法杂种犬２３只,分对照组（ｎ＝７）、ＡＮＰ组（ｎ＝８）和ｂＦＧＦ组（ｎ＝８）。ｂＦＧＦ组犬复制ＡＮＰ模型后,每日静脉注射ｂＦＧＦ（５μｇ／ｋｇ）。结果ｂＦＧＦ治疗后,ＡＮＰ犬肠粘膜损伤明显减轻,脏器细菌培养阳性率下降５０％,细菌移位数量减少９３．３％－９６．７％,肠粘膜蛋白质、ＤＮＡ含量显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,丙二醛含量明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ｂＦＧＦ可显著减少ＡＮＰ时肠道细菌移位,其机制可能是通过增加肠粘膜蛋白质合成,促进肠粘膜损伤修复。     

Influence of α-tocopherol over the time course of experimental IgA nephropathy

 The present study investigated the pathogenesis and the time course of kidney injury in experimental IgA nephropathy. In order to determine an appropriate period in the course of experimental IgA nephropathy to study renal injury and repair, we examined proteinuria and IgA deposition in the renal mesangium after 4, 8, and 16 weeks of mucosal challenge by bovine gamma globulins (BGG) provided in the drinking water. The hallmark of IgA deposition in the mesangium was present after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of BGG inoculation, but by 16 weeks, the mesangial IgA deposition had resolved. In addition, we confirmed our previous report on the beneficial effects of α-tocopherol in reducing proteinuria in IgA nephropathy at 8 weeks, and extended this observation to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of α-tocopherol at both 4 weeks and 16 weeks. Proteinuria resolved spontaneously at 16 weeks. There is oxidative stress, as suggested by the elevation in plasma and renal malondialdehyde content, and increased fibrogenic cytokine message, as suggested by elevated transforming growth factor β1 mRNA. These increases were clearly blunted by α-tocopherol at both 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Treatment with α-tocopherol was associated with a significant reduction in the severity of proteinuria. Thus, our data suggest that the period between 4 and 8 weeks of BGG vaccination could be relevant in designing an appropriate model to study the molecular biology of the pathogenesis of renal injury and the effects of treatment. The 16-week model may be useful in exploring gene expression involved with spontaneous resolution. Received: 17 February 1998 / Revised: 2 June 1998 / Accepted: 3 June 1998     

Low insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with progressive encephalopathy, hypsarrhythmia, and optic atrophy (PEHO) syndrome and cerebellar degeneration

PURPOSE: In patients with progressive encephalopathy, hypsarrhythmia, and optic atrophy (PEHO) syndrome, the pathophysiology underlying early progressive cerebellar and brainstem degeneration and severe epilepsy is unknown. Because insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 has been shown significantly to promote survival of cerebellar neurons, we wanted to see if the IGF system played a role in the pathogenesis of cerebellar atrophy. METHODS: We used a sensitive enzyme immunoassay kit for measuring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IGF-1 and insulin-like growth-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 in four groups of patients: PEHO syndrome patients (eight), PEHO-like patients (seven), age-matched controls (31), and patients with other types of cerebellar atrophy (11). RESULTS: Patients with PEHO syndrome and those with other progressive, degenerative cerebellar diseases had lower levels of CSF IGF-1 than the controls with other neurologic diseases. The CSF IGF-1 also allowed us to differentiate the "true" PEHO patients from the "PEHO-like" patients (those with similar clinical symptoms but without the typical neuroophthalmologic or neuroradiologic findings). The concentrations of IGFBP-3 did not significantly differ in any of the patient or control groups studied. CONCLUSIONS: CSF IGF-1 levels might be used as a marker of the degeneration of neurons in specific areas.     

FAK+ and PYK2/CAKbeta, two related tyrosine kinases highly expressed in the central nervous system: similarities and differences in the expression pattern

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2/cell adhesion kinase beta (PYK2/CAKbeta) are related, non-receptor, cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, FAK+ is a splice isoform of FAK containing a 3-amino acid insertion in the carboxy-terminal region. In rat hippocampal slices, FAK+ and PYK2/CAKbeta are differentially regulated by neurotransmitters and depolarization. We have studied the regional and cellular distribution of these kinases in adult rat brain and during development. Whereas PYK2/CAKbeta expression increased with postnatal age and was maximal in the adult, FAK+ levels were stable. PYK2/CAKbeta mRNAs, detected by in situ hybridization, were expressed at low levels in the embryonic brain, and became very abundant in the adult forebrain. Immunocytochemistry of the adult brain showed a widespread neuronal distribution of FAK+ and PYK2/CAKbeta immunoreactivities (ir). PYK2/CAKbeta appeared to be particularly abundant in the hippocampus. In hippocampal neurons in culture at early stages of development, FAK+ and PYK2/CAKbeta were enriched in the perikarya and growth cones. FAK+ extended to the periphery of the growth cones tips, whereas PYK2/CAKbeta appeared to be excluded from the lamellipodia. During the establishment of polarity, a proximal-distal gradient of increasing PYK2/CAKbeta-ir could be observed in the growing axon. In most older neurons, FAK+-ir was confined to the cell bodies, whereas PYK2/CAKbeta-ir was also present in the processes. In vitro and in vivo, a subpopulation of neurons displayed neurites with intense FAK+-ir. Thus, FAK+ and PYK2/CAKbeta are differentially regulated during development yet they are both abundantly expressed in the adult brain, with distinctive but overlapping distributions.     

Bioelectrical impedance methods in clinical research: a follow-up to the NIH Technology Assessment Conference

In 1994, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) convened a Technology Assessment Conference "to provide physicians with a responsible assessment of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technology for body composition measurement." In 1997, Serono Symposia USA, Inc., organized an invited panel of scientists and clinicians, with extensive research and clinical experience with BIA, to provide an update. Panel members presented reviews based on their own work and published studies for the intervening years. Updates were provided on the single and multifrequency BIA methods and models; continued clinical research experiences; efforts toward establishing population reference norms; and the feasibility of establishing guidelines for potential diagnostic use of BIA in a clinical setting. This report provides a summary of the panel's findings including a consensus on several technical and clinical issues related to the research use of BIA, and those areas that are still in need of additional study.     

维生素A缺乏对大鼠胚胎生长发育的影响

本文观察了维生素Ａ缺乏对大鼠胚胎生长发育的影响。结果显示：维生素Ａ缺乏使胎鼠的体重,身长,尾长明显小于对照组,囟门明显大于对照组,且维生素Ａ缺乏组第２、５、６胸骨残缺以及前爪骨化不完全者明显较多。脑淤血、脑水肿以及肾盂积水者也明显较多。维生素Ａ缺乏严重地影响了大鼠胚胎的正常生长发育。     

婴儿生长发育影响因素的多元回归分析

目的：探讨４２日龄婴儿生长发育的影响因素。方法：采用多元回归的方法分析了８４对母婴的营养状况等对４２日龄婴儿身高、体重、头围的影响。结果：母亲年龄,胎盘重量,产妇血碱性磷酸酶活性和２５－ＯＨＤ浓度,脐血钙、镁浓度和碱性磷酸酶活性,婴儿喂养方式,有无佝偻病症状,乳母肉类食物摄取量,婴儿出生身长进入身长回归方程;产妇血钙、血磷和钙磷乘积,职业,脐血磷和出生体重进入体重回归方程;脐血碱性磷酸酶活性和２５－ＯＨＤ２,胎盘重量,婴儿喂养方式和出生头围进入头围回归方程。结论：４２日龄时婴儿的生长发育不仅受婴儿的喂养方式、有无佝偻病症状的影响,而且还与胎儿期母体的营养状况有关。     

3种细胞因子在体外对阿糖胞苷细胞毒性的影响

采用对碘硝基四唑（ＩＮＴ）比色法,观察了１７例急性髓性白血病（ＡＭＬ）患者和８例正常人的骨髓,在体外对阿糖胞苷的敏感性,同时分别观察了粒细胞集落刺激因子（Ｇ－ＣＳＦ）,粒－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）,白细胞介素－３（ＩＬ－３）３种细胞因子对其敏感性影响。结果显示ＡＭＬ细胞与正常细胞对Ａｒａ－Ｃ敏感性存在显著差异;Ｇ－ＣＳＦ,ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ,ＩＬ－３此３种因子均能增加Ａｒａ－Ｃ对ＡＭＬ细胞的