Detection of CK-19 mRNA-positive cells in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients with histologically and immunohistochemically negative axillary lymph nodes.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the incidence of direct hematogenous spread of cancer cells in patients with early-stage breast cancer by studying the presence of occult tumor cytokeratin-19 (CK-19) mRNA(+) cells in the peripheral blood in relation to the status of sentinel (SLNs) and (ALNs) axillary lymph nodes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: SLNs and ALNs from 111 patients with operable stage I-II breast adenocarcinoma were evaluated for the presence of tumor cells by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and, if negative, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using an anti-CK-19 antibody. Peripheral blood was also analyzed for the presence of CK-19 mRNA(+) cells by nested RT-PCR, before the initiation of adjuvant treatment and in CK-19 mRNA(+) patients following the completion of adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal treatment. RESULTS: After both H&E staining and IHC analysis, 29 (26%) patients were ALN negative (N0). In 78 (70%) patients H&E staining and in four (3.6%) IHC analysis revealed tumors cells, and these patients were considered as ALN positive (N+). Peripheral blood CK-19 mRNA(+) cells were detected in nine (31%) out of 29 N0 and in 31 (38%) out of 82 N + patients (P=0.5) before any adjuvant treatment. Adjuvant chemotherapy and hormone treatment resulted in the disappearance of the CK-19 mRNA(+) cells in all N0 patients and in 15 out of 31 N + patients. After a median follow-up of 40 months, all the N0 CK-19 mRNA(+) patients were relapse-free whereas four (13%) N + CK-19 mRNA(+) patients had relapsed. CONCLUSIONS: Direct hematogenous dissemination of occult tumor cells may occur in a substantial proportion of patients with early-stage breast cancer. The prognostic implication of the detection of these cells requires long follow-up periods and further studies.     

颈部淋巴结细针穿刺细胞学检查的临床应用

目的：探讨颈部淋巴结细针穿刺的临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析我院2002年3月1日～2005年4月1日931例颈部淋巴结细针穿刺涂片细胞学检查与术后病理切片结果对比的临床资料。结果：931例颈部肿大淋巴结的细针穿刺诊断敏感度（总符合率）为82．5％。细针抽吸诊断良性病变350例（37，6％），恶性痛变491例（52．8％），可疑恶性20例（2．1％），诊断不明70例（7．5％）。本组细针穿刺良性病变诊断敏感度85．3％，总准确率为91.4％；恶性病变诊断敏感度94．4％，总准确率为96．0％；恶性淋巴瘤诊断敏感度为64％，总准确率为94．7％；转移癌诊断敏感度为92．6％，总准确率95．7％。结论：针吸细胞学检查是一种可靠的、准确率较高的颈部淋巴结病理诊断检查方法，值得临床推广使用。     

Breast magnetic resonance imaging: An essential role in malignant axillary lymphadenopathy of unknown origin

The aim of this retrospective case series was to assess the role of breast MRI in the investigation of ‘occult’ malignancy, and the associated potential to influence patient management. Between January 2000 and March 2004, 18 patients, who presented with axillary lymphadenopathy, most likely due to ‘occult’ breast cancer, were examined with MRI of the breast. The results showed 12 true positives, four true negatives, and two false positives. This gave an overall sensitivity of 85.7% and an overall accuracy of 86.7%. In those in whom malignancy was identified on MRI and subsequently proven histologically, 78% of these cancers were identified, and localized by preoperative MRI‐guided sonography. In addition, 55% of these patients were eligible for conservative surgery. As such, MRI of the breast is highly sensitive for the detection of mammographically and clinically occult breast cancer. The use of MRI enables a preoperative diagnosis to be made in a high percentage of patients and may allow retrospective targeted ultrasound localization. Definitive surgical planning, including the option of breast conservation, is made possible with the result of the MRI examination.     

夏至草提取物对急性血瘀大鼠淋巴微循环的作用

目的:观察夏至草提取物(HLE)对急性血瘀大鼠淋巴微循环的作用.方法:(Dextran)以10ml/kg经静脉注射,1 min注完,诱导大鼠急性血瘀症模型,6 min后治疗组按1.0g/kg(含生药)从颈静脉注射HLE,对照组颈静脉注射等量的生理盐水,通过显微电视录像观察肠系膜微淋巴管(ML)收缩性的变化.结果:夏至草提取物使ML自主收缩频率、收缩活性指数(Index Ⅰ)、总收缩活性指数(IndexⅡ)、淋巴动力学指数(LD-Index)和血压显著高于对照组(P《0.05～0.01).结论:夏至草提取物对急性血瘀大鼠淋巴微循环障碍有非常好的改善作用.     

胸段食管癌术后预防性照射的预后分析

目的 探讨胸段食管癌根治术后预防性照射的范围对长期生存的影响。 方法 回顾分析2000— 2007年间 201例胸段食管癌根治术后行预防性照射患者资料,比较照射范围差异对生存影响,并对可能影响预后的因素行Cox模型多因素分析。Kaplan Meier法计算OS率,Logrank检验差异。结果 5年随访率为97.0%。全纵隔、全纵隔+胃左区、全纵隔+双锁骨上区、中上纵隔+双锁骨上区、全纵隔+双锁骨上+胃左区照射的 5年OS率分别为21.7%、37.1%、38.7%、34.8%、19.8%( P=0.406),多因素分析结果显示仅仅术后N分期为预后影响因素(P=0.009)。预防性照射后锁骨上淋巴结转移11例、中上纵隔淋巴结转移34例、腹腔淋巴结转移10例。结论 胸段食管癌根治术后预防性照射范围应包括中上纵隔和双锁骨上区。     

宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移相关因素分析

目的:探讨宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移相关因素。方法:回顾性分析634例广泛性子宫切除及盆腔淋巴结清扫术后宫颈癌患者的临床分期及病理资料。结果:盆腔淋巴结总转移率为18.76%(119/634),年龄、临床分期、肿瘤浸润深度、肿瘤生长形态、肿瘤细胞分化程度与淋巴结转移显著相关。病理类型、病灶大小、术前放化疗与淋巴结转移无相关性。结论:年龄≤35岁,临床分期晚,肿瘤浸润≥1/2,溃疡型肿瘤,病理分化差均为宫颈癌淋巴转移高危因素。     

经气管镜超声引导针吸活检术（EBUS-TBNA）诊断纵膈淋巴结的初步应用

背景与目的:经气管镜超声引导针吸活检术(endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration,EBUS-TBNA)是用于诊断纵隔淋巴结等病变的最新微创检查方法.本研究旨在评价EBUS-TBNA用于纵隔淋巴结定性诊断的价值.方法:2009年4月1日-2009年7月16日之间,共计20例纵隔淋巴结肿大患者接受EBUS-TBNA检查.总结穿刺结果,评价该方法的应用价值.结果:20例患者共穿刺淋巴结37组,穿刺成功率100%,未发生并发症.EBUS-TBNA检查总体准确率90.00%(其中上皮性癌诊断准确率100%),灵敏度84.62%,特异度100%,阳性预测值100%,阴性预测值77.78%.每组淋巴结平均操作时间为11.9 min.20例患者术后住院1～17 d,中位住院1 d.前3例患者各组平均操作时间为36.25 min,后17例患者各组平均操作时间为7.76 min,两者差异具有显著性(z-=3.247,P=0.001).结论:EBUS-TBNA检查安全性好,准确率高,是用于纵隔淋巴结定性诊断的较好方法.     

妇科恶性肿瘤腹股沟区转移淋巴结解剖分布和CTV边界

目的 明确妇科恶性肿瘤腹股沟区转移淋巴结的解剖分布,探讨CTV的勾画边界。方法 回顾分析34例妇科恶性肿瘤并腹股沟淋巴结转移患者。基于腹股沟淋巴结的解剖分布,应用CT和MRI的血管增强扫描影像和Eclipse计划系统的三维重建图像,分析腹股沟区淋巴结与股静脉、大隐静脉及其分支、股部浅筋膜和深筋膜的关系,以及包含95%以上腹股沟淋巴结的CTV边界。结果 34例患者共145个腹股沟转移淋巴结。浅组淋巴结131个,在腹股沟韧带下方,129个位于股部浅筋膜和深筋膜之间。浅组增大淋巴结上群25个在耻骨联合上1 cm以上,沿旋髂浅静脉分布;中群85个在耻骨联合水平,邻近隐静脉汇入股静脉处,11例单个浅组淋巴结转移均在该组;下群21个在耻骨联合下缘以下,沿大隐静脉和股内、外侧浅静脉分布。14个深组转移淋巴结,在股静脉内侧,缝匠肌内侧缘与股静脉后外侧缘连线的后外侧未发现肿大淋巴结。上界:142个淋巴结在耻骨上支上缘以下,3个达股骨头上缘;下界:143个在小转子下缘以上,2个下界达小转子下缘下2 cm。结论 包含98%腹股沟区转移淋巴结CTV边界:前界为浅筋膜,内侧界为腹股沟韧带和股血管后内侧肌肉边缘,后外侧界为股静脉后外侧缘与缝匠肌内侧缘连线,上界为股骨头上缘,下界为小转子下缘。     

前列腺癌同步加量放疗dIMRT和RapidArc比较研究

目的 前列腺大分割照射与盆腔常规分割预防照射相结合的同步加量放疗可提高前列腺癌临床疗效,本研究比较固定野动态调强(dynamic intensity modulated radiotherapy,dIMRT)与快速旋转调强(RapidArc)在前列腺癌同步加量放疗中的剂量分布、治疗效率和执行精度的差异,为临床应用提供参考.方法 选取2013-01-04-2013-12-31在中山大学肿瘤防治中心行放疗的10例前列腺癌高危风险患者,靶区包括前列腺、精囊和盆腔淋巴结.以相同的剂量目标和优化参数分别设计9野dIMRT、单弧和双弧RapidArc同步加量治疗计划,分别用9F、1ARC和2ARC表示.比较分析3种计划的靶区剂量学特点,直肠、膀胱、小肠和双侧股骨头等危及器官的受照剂量及体积,机器跳数,治疗时间以及剂量验证通过率.结果 对于PTV1,9F的D2％为(69.37±0.89) Gy,D50％为(66.92±0.63) Gy,HI为0.09±0.02,CI为0.83±0.05;1ARC的D2％为(71.13±1.21) Gy,D50％为(68.50±0.76) Gy,HI为0.12±0.02,CI为0.74±0.07;9F均优于1ARC,差异均有统计学意义,P＜0.05;9F与2ARC的各参数差异均无统计学意义,P＞0.05.对于PTV2,9F的V5％为(99.45±0.78)％,优于1ARC的(99.35±1.28)％,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05;9F与2ARC各参数的差异均无统计学意义,P＞0.05.对于膀胱Dmean,3组计划差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05;对于直肠V67.5Gy,9F与2ARC的差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05;对于左右股骨头Dmean,1ARC和2ARC低于9F,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05;各OAR其余评价指标9F均低于1ARC和2ARC,差异均有统计学意义,P＜0.05.1ARC和2ARC相比于9F机器跳数平均减少了70.0％和67.2％,治疗时间平均缩短了81.7％和61.0％.9F、1ARC和2ARC的3％/3 mm标准的γ通过率分别为97.8％、98.9％和99.4％,差异均具有统计学意义,P＜0.05.结论 相比于dIMRT,RapidArc可显著提高治疗效率,其双弧计划具有相仿的靶区覆盖,但对膀胱、直肠和小肠的保护更差,dIMRT更适用于前列腺癌同步加量放射治疗.