大气中不同粒径颗粒物诱导人羊膜FL细胞UDS的研究

本研究以诱导人羊膜细胞ＵＤＳ为指标，对太原市大气不同粒径的颗粒物提取液进行了致突变性检验，结果表明，不同粒径颗粒物的提取液均可产生一定的遗传毒性，尤以３．３μｍ以下的颗粒物的遗传毒性较强。     

Analysis thrombolysis with anticoagulation treatment for early stage of deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities

Objective:To explore the effect of thrombolysis with anticoagulation treatment forearly stage of deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity.Methods:The clinical data of 10 patients at the early stage of deep vein thrombosis(DVT)in the lower extremuites treated by thrombolysis with anticoagulation and dispersion drugs were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The thrombolytic effect was significant.After treatment,the deep veins were recanalized without regurgitation in 75.3% of the patients.The total effective rate was 100%.Only three patients had hemorrhagic complication,but none of the patients died.Conclusion:Thrombolysis with anticoagulation treatment is an effective and safe method for DVT at the early stage.     

富血小板血浆治疗下肢慢性难愈合伤口47例随访研究

目的 探讨富血小板血浆(platelet-rich plasma,PRP)对下肢慢性难愈合伤口的修复作用. 方法 2007年5月-2007年11月,采用PRP注射治疗下肢慢性难愈合伤口47例.男41例,女6例;年龄15～68岁,平均43.2岁.原发疾病:胫腓骨骨折20例,跟骨骨折4例,跖骨骨折1例,下肢多发开放性骨折3例,胫骨骨髓炎10例,股骨骨髓炎1例,足踝部软组织损伤4例,截肢术后感染2例,足部矫形术后感染及跟腱修补术后感染各1例.外院治疗后2～4个月创口未愈合转入合并骨折未愈合23例,细菌培养结果 阳性38例.患者予2次清创加自体PRP伤口内注射,每次间隔2个月. 结果 患者均于首次注射PRP后获随访,随访时间4个月.首次注射PRP2个月后,34例伤口明显缩小,坏死组织及脓苔清除,组织色泽健康,血供良好,外露骨或肌肉组织被新牛肉芽组织覆盖.4个月随访时,无肌肉和骨组织外露患者,创面覆盖率79.3%4±18.O%,总治愈率29.8%.治疗前创口体积(11.8±5.6)mL,治疗后为(2.5±2.7)mL,创口体积缩小(9.3±4.9)mL,治疗前后创口体积比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术前23例合并骨折未愈合者,随访4个月时骨折完全愈合9例,骨痂生长明显增多12例,无明显改变2例,均无骨髓炎征象加重.细菌培养阳性结果 15例. 结论 PRP能有效促进软组织缺损修复,加速下肢慢性难愈合伤口愈合.     

肢体缺血预处理对兔肺缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨肢体缺血预处理对兔肺缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 健康日本大耳白兔18只,体重2.0～2.5 kg,雌雄不拘,随机分为3组(n=6):假手术组(S组)开胸后左侧肺门穿线但不结扎,旷置观察340 min;缺血再灌注组(IR组)开胸旷置100 min,阻断左侧肺门,左肺不张后60 min再灌注180 min;肢体缺血预处理组(L组)捆绑双后肢10 min,松开10 min,反复3次后恢复灌注,60 min后阻断左侧肺门60 min,再灌注180 min.于缺血前、再灌注15、30、60、120、180 min时采集左颈内动脉血样行血气分析,计算呼吸指数(R1);于再灌注180 min时处死动物,取左肺上叶组织,测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,计算肺湿干重比(W/D);取左肺下叶行支气管肺泡灌洗,计算肺通透性指数;取左肺中叶组织,观察肺组织病理学,进行弥漫性肺泡损伤(DAD)评分.结果 与s组比较,IR组RI、MDA含量、MPO活性、肺W/D、肺通透性指数和DAD评分升高,SOD活性降低(P<0.05或0.01);与IR组比较,L组RI,MDA含量、MPO活性、肺W/D、肺通透性指数和DAD评分降低,SOD活性升高(P<0.05或0.01);L组和S组间上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).L组和S组肺组织病理损伤程度较IR组减轻.结论 肢体缺血预处理可减轻兔肺缺血再灌注损伤.     

不稳定型下颈椎损伤的手术治疗(附56例分析)

目的分析手术治疗下颈椎不稳定性损伤的适应证、手术方法及疗效。方法2001年1月～2003年1月,手术治疗下颈椎不稳定性损伤共56例。参照Aebi及White等人的手术适应证,以前路手术为主;对于难复性颈椎脱位或不伴椎间盘损伤者,行后路施术或前后联合入路手术;稳定性评分大于8分的前后柱损伤者,行前后联合入路手术。以Frankel评分系统评价神经功能恢复情况,以损伤节段Cobb角及水平移位来评价复位情况,采用Bohlman的X线片标准判定植骨融合情况。结果Frankel评分术前平均为2.3分,术后3.1分;按Bohlman标准3个月时植骨融合率为80%,6个月时为100%。术前Cobb角平均为8°,术后为1.5°,水平移位由术前的平均3.5mm减小到0.5mm。结论手术治疗下颈椎不稳定性损伤具有改善神经功能、恢复颈椎序列、恢复椎间高度及生理曲度、可早日下地活动等优点,手术病例及方法的选择应根据患者是否有致压因素及颈椎稳定性等综合考虑。     

Tim技术3D DCE-MRA诊断下肢动脉狭窄:与DSA对比研究

目的以数字减影血管造影（DSA）为金标准,对比评价Tim（total image matrix）技术三维动态增强磁共振血管成像（3DDCE-MRA）在下肢动脉（腘股段和腘下段）狭窄中的临床应用价值。资料与方法41例可疑下肢动脉狭窄患者,采用Tim线圈、多通道并行采集技术,并结合自动移床及无缝连接方法,行3DDCE-MRA检查。延迟时间采用试验团注（test-bolus）法,对靶血管作最大信号强度投影（MIP）后处理重组。所有病例均在1周内行动脉法DSA（IADSA）检查,对比分析3DDCE-MRA所示的轻度狭窄（≤50%）、显著狭窄（51%-99%）、完全闭塞（100%）的符合情况,并计算显示显著狭窄及完全闭塞的敏感性和特异性。结果图像质量的优良率为95.1%。与IADSA对照,3DDCE-MRA显示腘股动脉段显著狭窄及完全闭塞（狭窄程度〉50%）的敏感性91.1%,特异性92.9%,准确性92.3%;显示腘下动脉段的敏感性82.2%,特异性75.4%,准确性83.9%;显示下肢动脉狭窄总的准确性为87.5%。结论Tim线圈、多通道并行采集技术3DDCE-MRA是一种诊断下肢动脉狭窄的无创、安全、可靠、实用的血管检查方法,对腘股动脉段狭窄的诊断更加可靠,但对细小血管（尤其足部）的分辨率尚有待于进一步提高。     

Fabricating fixed partial dentures using existing restorations

A technique has been described for utilizing an existing fixed splint in the fabrication of a fixed partial denture to replace splinted teeth that are extracted.     

机械通气致下呼吸道黄杆菌感染的临床分析

目的:探讨黄杆菌属致下呼吸道感染的临床特点及对常用抗生素的耐药情况。方法:分析我院六年来机械通气致下呼吸道黄杆菌感染的11例临床资料,平板稀释法测定常用抗菌药物对该菌株的最低抑菌浓度,采用法国生物梅里埃公司API系统进行细菌学鉴定,以美国国家实验室标准化委员会NCCLS的标准判定结果。结果:全部应用广谱抗生素,年龄>60岁者8例,机械通气到发生黄杆菌感染的平均时间为18天,死亡4例;耐药率高,仅对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、复方磺胺甲恶唑、哌拉西林、左氧氟沙星等较敏感。结论:机械通气致下呼吸道黄杆菌感染常发生在基础状态较差,机械通气时间较长,且长期应用广谱抗生素的老年患者,临床表现常无特征性,细菌耐药严重,病死率高     

Technetium-99m sestamibi scintigraphy for the assessment of lower extremity ischaemia in peripheral arterial disease

Technetium-99m sestamibi was used for functional investigation of the muscle perfusion of lower extremities in 35 patients with peripheral vascular disease. The aim was to test what useful information could be obtained by additional imaging of the legs in patients referred for risk stratification with dipyridamole myocardial scanning. Posterior images were acquired over the thighs and calves after postocclusive reactive hyperaemia and at rest. Inter- and intraextremity ratios and differences between the stress and rest data were used for the assessment of abnormal circulation. Arteriography was performed in every case, and surgical procedures or transluminal angioplasty in 31 patients. To estimate diagnostic accuracy, the results of^99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy were compared with those of angiography and the functional consequences of revascularization procedures. The sensitivity and specificity of^99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy were 55% and 25%, respectively, with an overall accuracy of 50%. Apparently methodological error was not responsible for these poor results. Instead, a paradoxically high uptake of the radiopharmaceutical in muscles supplied by significantly stenosed vessels was identified as the main source of both false-negative and false-positive results. This phenomenon resembles the findings of a previous study involving delayed administration of thallium-201 after exercise. In conclusion,^99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy has not proved sufficiently reliable to help in the management strategy for patients with peripheral vascular disease.     

上肢手术气囊止血带个体充气压力的研究

目的探讨上肢手术时气囊止血带适宜的个体充气压力。方法对30例健康成年志愿者,按右上臂周径大小分为S组(≤25cm)、M组(26～30cm)和L组(＞30cm),用彩色多普勒超声血流显像仪分别测定肱动脉血流100%和50%阻断时气囊止血带充气压力值。以周径和测定值为依据确定充气压力：周径≤25cm者,充气压力为25 kPa(IkPa=7．5mm Hg),＞25cm者。以肢体周径(cm)作为个体充气压力(kPa)值,最大值≤40kPa。用上述方法应用于上肢手术150例,并观察术中创面止血效果和术后止血带副损伤发生情况。结果30例右侧肱动脉血流100%和50%阻断时气囊止血带充气压力参考值分别为：S组[(19．17±1．95)kPa,(?)±s,下同]和(11．50±1．98)kPa,M组(21．18±2．09)kPa和(13．45±1．86)kPa,L组(27．00±4．12)kPa和(16．43±1．13)kPa,各组阻断压力差异有统计学意义(P＜0．01)。手术应用150例中,上臂周径平均为(28．13±3．53)cm,气囊止血带充气压力平均为(28．19±3．03)kPa。手术应用个体充气压力,止血效果优147例,良3例,术后均无止血带副损伤。结论以上肢缚扎止血带处肢体周径(cm)作为充气压力的参考值(kPa),是上肢手术适宜的个体充气压力。