低分子肝素治疗老年人不稳定型心绞痛的疗效分析

目的 观察低分子肝素治疗老年人不稳定型心绞痛的疗效。方法 将１０１例不稳定型心绞痛患者随机分为Ａ、Ｂ两组。在常规治疗基础上Ａ组给予低分子肝素腹部皮下注射;Ｂ组给予等量生理盐水皮下注射。结果 Ａ组心绞痛发作频率比Ｂ组明显减少（Ｐ〈０．０１）。心电图ＳＴ段及Ｔ波较对照组明显改善。Ａ组总有效率９０％,Ｂ组总有效率５４％（Ｐ〈０．０１）。Ａ、Ｂ组治疗期间均未见出血等副作用。结论 低分子肝素治疗老年人不稳定     

槲皮素,异鼠李素对Cu^2＋介导的LDL氧化修饰的抑制作用

目的：观察槲皮素（Ｑｕｅ）、异鼠李素（Ｉｓｏ）对Ｃｕ＾２＋介导的低密脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）氧化修饰的影响。方法：采用一次性密度梯度离心法分离正常人血浆脂蛋白,用Ｃｕ＾２＋进行体外氧化修饰,温育前加不同浓度的Ｑｕｅ及Ｉｓｏ。检测脂蛋白中脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）、维生素Ｅ（ＶｉｔＥ）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性。结果：在Ｃｕ＾２＋与ＬＤＬ温育前加入Ｑｕｅ、Ｉｓｏ可使ＬＤＬ中ＬＰＯ生成减少,明显延缓 ,Ｖ     

高密度脂蛋白与冠心病的关系研究进展

流行病学调查、实验研究和临床观察发现,血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇作为一个独立的预测因素与冠心病的发病率呈负相关,HDL促进循环中的胆固醇向肝脏转运即“逆向胆固醇转运”,HDL中的两种酶－二乙基对硝基苯磷酸酯酶和血小板激活因子酰水解酶能够降低氧化HDL的形成;通过戒烟、降低到理想体重、规律的需氧锻炼、药物治疗,能绝对或相对的升高HDL－c浓度,降低冠心病的发病率。     

High affinity of sigma1-binding sites for sterol isomerization inhibitors: evidence for a pharmacological relationship with the yeast sterol C8–C7 isomerase

1. The sigma-drug binding site of guinea-pig liver is carried by a protein which shares significant amino acid sequence similarities with the yeast sterol C₈–C₇ isomerase (ERG2 protein). Pharmacologically - but not structurally - the sigma₁-site is also related to the emopamil binding protein, the mammalian sterol C₈–C₇ isomerase. We therefore investigated if sterol C₈–C₇ isomerase inhibitors are high affinity ligands for the (+)-[³H]-pentazocine labelled sigma₁-binding site.
2. Among the compounds which bound with high affinity to native hepatic and cerebral as well as to yeast expressed sigma₁-binding sites were the agricultural fungicide fenpropimorph (K_i 0.005 nM), the antihypocholesterinaemic drugs triparanol (K_i 7.0 nM), AY-9944 (K_i 0.46 nM) and MDL28,815 (K_i 0.16 nM), the enantiomers of the ovulation inducer clomiphene (K_i 5.5 and 12 nM, respectively) and the antioestrogene tamoxifen (K_i 26 nM).
3. Except for tamoxifen these affinities are essentially identical with those for the [³H]-ifenprodil labelled sterol C₈–C₇ isomerase of S. cerevisiae. This demonstrates that sigma₁-binding protein and yeast isomerase are not only structurally but also pharmacologically related. Because of its affiliations with yeast and mammalian sterol isomerases we propose that the sigma₁-binding site is localized on a sterol isomerase related protein, involved in postsqualene sterol biosynthesis.

     

Pretreatment of low dose radiation reduces radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse lymphoma (EL4) cells

Induction of an adaptive response to ionizing radiation in mouse lymphoma (EL4) cells was studied by using cell survival fraction and apoptotic nucleosomal DNA fragmentation as biological end points. Cells in early log phase were pre-exposed to low dose of γ-rays (0.01 Gy) 4 or 20 hrs prior to high dose γ-ray (4, 8 and 12 Gy for cell survival fraction analysis; 8 Gy for DNA fragmentation analysis) irradiation. Then cell survival fractions and the extent of DNA fragmentation were measured. Significant adaptive response, increase in cell survival fraction and decrease in the extent of DNA fragmentation were induced when low and high dose γ-ray irradiation time interval was 4 hr. Addition of protein or RNA synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide or 5,6-dichloro-1-β-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRFB), respectively during adaptation period, the period from low dose γ-ray irradiation to high dose γ-ray irradiation, was able to inhibit the induction of adaptive response, which is the reduction of the extent DNA fragmentation in irradiated EL4 cells. These data suggest that the induction of adaptive response to ionizing radiation in EL4 cells required both protein and RNA synthesis.     

Deciduous enamel defects in low-birth-weight children: correlated X-ray microtomographic and backscattered electron imaging study of hypoplasia and hypomineralization

Enamel does not remodel, and disturbances occurring during development may remain in the tooth as a permanent record of the upset. Mineralization in prenatal and postnatal deciduous enamel was studied in the shed deciduous incisors of low-birth-weight (LBW: < 2kg) children. The specific objective was to gain further insight into the mechanism of formation of developmental defects of enamel. Sections at a resolution of 22–40 m were reconstructed using X-ray microtomography (CT) giving absolute measurements of linear absorption coefficient for AgK radiation. Detail to ca. 1 m resolution was obtained using automated, digital backscattered electron (BSE) imaging of PMMA-embedded material. Matching the histograms of BSE and CT images made possible the calibration of the mean atomic number-dependent signal in the BSE images. The comparison of abnormal, affected enamel regions and post-recovery, normal, unaffected regions could be made in the same teeth, since these zones were easily recognized from the distribution of hypoplasia and hypomineralization. The CT values, converted to calculated mineral densities, ranged from 2.3 g cm^-3 to 2.6 g cm^-3 in LBW hypoplastic, and between 2.65 and 2.78 g cm^-3 in control primary enamel and post-defect, post-natal LBW enamel. Hypoplasia with or without minimal hypomineralization indicated recovery of the ameloblasts in the maturation phase. Disturbance during late matrix formation and early maturation resulted in hypoplasia and hypomineralization.     

Prospective randomized clinical study in general surgery comparing a new low molecular weight heparin with unfractionated heparin in the prevention of thrombosis

A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed comparing the antithrombotic efficacy of the low molecular weight heparin LMWH 21–23, (Braun) with an unfractionated heparin in elective general surgical patients over an observation period of 7 postoperative days. A total of 230 patients were admitted: 103 (group I) received low molecular weight heparin and 100 (group II) low-dose unfractionated heparin treatment given subcutaneously. In group I 41 patients (46%) were operated on for malignant disease and in group II 54 patients (54%). Due to the large amount of great abdominal procedures the intra- and perioperative application of hydroxyethyl starch was allowed for volume substitution. None of the patients died due to fatal pulmonary embolism. In group I four patients revealed positive ¹²⁵I-labeled fibrinogen uptake (3.9%); two patients belonged to the hydroxyethyl starch subgroup. In group II five patients displayed a positive fibrinogen uptake (5%); two belonged to the hydroxyethyl starch subgroup. The results of the hemostaseological investigations (e.g., prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin clotting time, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, protein C, plasminogen, ₂-antiplasmin , tissue-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor) revealed no statistically significant differences between groups I and II or their subgroups, although a tendency to prolonged clotting times was observed. The antifactor Xa activity values, however, displayed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The antifactor Xa activity measured up to 0.16 U/ml for the low molecular weight heparin (group I) and 0.05 U/ml for the unfractionated heparin (group II) in the postoperative period. Major bleeding complications were not encountered in this study. Fundamental for the low incidence of thrombosis, the additive administration of hydroxyethyl starch appeared in almost one-third of the patients in both study groups.Abbreviations APTT activated partial thromboplastin time - aXa anti-factor Xa - DVT deep venous thrombosis - FUT ¹²⁵I-labeled fibrinogen uptake test - HES hydroxyethyl starch - LMWH low molecular weight heparin - PE pulmonary embolism - UFH unfractioned heparin     

Low serum cholesterol increases the risk of noncardiovascular events: An antagonist viewpoint

Summary Considerable debate concerning the apparent association of low serum cholesterol levels with enhanced noncardiovascular disease mortality has been aired in both scientific and lay publications within the past year. This debate has resulted in some medical experts calling for a moratorium on efforts to reduce serum cholesterol, particularly with drugs, and for a more conservative approach to screening and modifying cholesterol levels for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). Observational studies, including the Framingham Heart Study, the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial, the Whitehall Study, and the International Collaborative Group, have not substantiated a cause and effect relationship between naturally occurring low serum cholesterol and noncardiovascular disease mortality, such as cancer. Intervention trials designed to lower high serum cholesterol levels by diet and drugs have also not been conclusively shown to produce excess harm that offsets the benefit of reduced CHD events. Several primary and secondary CHD prevention trials, with sufficient numbers of subjects to provide the statistical power to detect potential detrimental effects of lowering cholesterol levels, are currently in progress and will be very helpful in resolving the concern about noncardiovascular disease mortality.     

Chrome congestive heart failure: Study of low dosage prostaglandin--usages and complications

Low dosage intravenous (<0·01 µg. kg^–1.min^–1) and oral prostaglandin E have been reported toproduce fewer complications than higher intravenous doses inthe ductal manipulation of congenital heart disease. Over a3-year period 34 patients were treated with low dosage intravenousor oral prosraglandin. Eighteen (53%) had complications associatedwith this treatment with 14 having more than one complication.Major complications occurred in nine neonates: necrotising enterocolitis(7), apnoealbradycardia (5), convulsions (1), haemorrhage (1),and resulted in a change of management. This study thereforeconcludes that the high incidence of complications is similarwith both low and high dosages of intravenous and oral prostaglandmn.The use of prostaglandin in any form deserves caution.     

噪声对心脏的影响与丹参的拮抗作用及机制的探讨

为探索噪声对心脏的影响及其影响机制, 预防噪声的损伤, 选择雄性Wistar大鼠33 只, 采用配伍组设计分为噪声暴露组 (简称A 组)、噪声暴露 丹参灌胃组 (简称B组) 和正常对照组 (C组)。A 组每天暴露于 (105±1.5) dB(A)、频率250～8000Hz的噪声中4小时; B组每天口服浓度为1g/m l的丹参水溶液1.5m l, 然后与A组同时暴露于相同的噪声中; 正常对照组不给任何处理。实验两月后发现: 暴露组大鼠心肌结构发生改变; 血清组总胆固醇 (TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL—C) 显著降低; 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇亚组分 (HDL2—C)、HDL3—C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL—C)、甘油三酯(TG)、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL—C) 值无显著变化; 心肌过氧化脂质(LPO) 含量显著升高, 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH—Px) 活力有升高的趋势。提示, 噪声可损伤心肌的结构, 其可能的机制在于降低了HDL—C、HDL2—C的水平、氧化作用增强。丹参组LDL—C显著降低, 心肌组织LPO水平无显著性变化, GSH—Px 活力向正常水平恢复。说明丹参有拮抗噪声的作用, 其作用的可能机制在于丹参的抗氧化作用。然而, 这些研究结果却有待进一步证实