Lateral position prevents respiratory occlusion during surgical procedure under general anesthesia in the patient of huge anterior mediastinal lymphoblastic lymphoma

Lymphoblastic lymphoma, an aggressive mediastinal mass, is recognized as serious threat to the patient in developing cardiac tamponade or airway obstruction. Surgical procedure is often required to relieve clinical emergency and to establish prompt pathological diagnosis. However, in such a patient, acute respiratory occlusion in the spine position can be a life-threatening complication during general anesthesia. We describe a 17-year-old man whose cardiac tamponade was treated by pericardial-pleural window through a left anterior thoracotomy in the lateral position. The patient recovered from hemodynamic compromise without showing respiratory occlusion during general anesthesia and remained in the lateral position until extubation. Pathological diagnosis was precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. There were no complications attributable to the operative procedure. Further chemotherapy reduced the mediastinal mass in size after two weeks when the patient developed sepsis and died. Lateral position prevents respiratory occlusion during surgical procedure under general anesthesia in the patient of huge anterior mediastinal tumor with airway obstruction.     

腰麻辅助硬膜外麻醉在全子宫切除术中的应用分析

目的:观察腰麻辅助硬膜外麻醉在全子宫切除术中的应用效果。方法:选择328例全子宫切除术病人,随机分为试验组(143例)、对照组(185例),均取L_(1-2)棘突间隙行硬膜外腔穿刺置管,对照组常规用药,试验组另取L_(3-4)棘突间隙行腰麻,观察各组的麻醉效果,术中探查牵拉子宫时病人的反应,血压及心率的变化。结果:试验组的麻醉良好率、肌松情况优于对照组(P<0.01),骶神经阻滞情况试验组完全阻滞,而对照组出现骶神经阻滞不全,首次剂量试验组少于对照组(P<0.01)。牵拉子宫后各组病人血压、心率均较牵拉前下降,且与牵拉前比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:在全子宫切除术中应用腰麻辅助硬膜外麻醉优于单纯硬膜外麻醉,有一定临床应用意义。     

An electron microscopic study of local anesthetic-induced skeletal muscle fiber degeneration and regeneration in the monkey

An electron microscopic study was done on abductor pollicis brevis muscles of 18 Rhesus monkeys after intramuscular injections of 0.75% bupivacaine, 2% mepivacaine, or 2% lidocaine + epinephrine. The muscles were examined for from 2 h to 28 days. Severe muscle fiber damage, consisting of breakdown of sarcolemma and myofibrils, was seen as early as 2 h. Phagocyte mediated fragmentation of the degenerating muscle fibers was at its peak during the third and fourth days. Myoblasts were abundant during the fourth day. Early myotubes appeared on the fifth and sixth days, and they matured during the second week. Satellite cells appeared alongside mature myotubes. Overall, the local anesthetic-induced breakdown and regeneration of skeletal muscle fibers in the monkey followed a course quite similar to that seen in the rat.     

眼科手术表面与球后麻醉比较的临床研究

目的：评价表面麻醉(表麻)下行内眼手术的安全性及可行性。方法：随机抽取表麻下内眼手术300眼与球后麻醉下内眼手术288眼，对两组术中、术后并发症进行对比。结果：表麻下与球后麻醉下内眼手术效果，术中、术后并发症的发生率无显著性差异，但表麻可以最大限度减少因麻醉带来的术中、术后并发症，使内眼手术更加安全快捷。结论：表麻下行内眼手术是可行的、安全的。     

罗比卡因与布比卡因硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术时心电图及心肌酶的变化

目的　比较硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术时罗比卡因和布比卡因对心电图及心肌酶的影响。方法　择期剖宫产手术病人 30例 ,硬膜外麻醉时Ⅰ组 (15例 )用 0 5 %罗比卡因 ,Ⅱ组 (15例 )用0 5 %布比卡因。观察麻醉手术期间心电图P R、QRS波间期以及肌酸磷酸激酶 (CK)和同工酶 (CK MB)的变化 ,同时观察麻醉镇痛、肌松效果和不良反应。结果　两组病人P R、QRS波间期均在正常范围内 (P >0 0 5 )。两组病人CK术后 2 4h值明显高于术前 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但反映心肌受损特异性较高的CK MB则无明显变化 (P >0 0 5 ) ,两组间亦无差异 (P >0 0 5 )。麻醉效果及不良反应两组间无差异。结论　硬膜外麻醉时罗比卡因与布比卡因对心电图及心肌酶影响无明显差异     

颈丛阻滞下行颈动脉内膜剥脱术--附32例分析

目的观察颈丛阻滞下行颈动脉内膜剥脱术的效果.方法 28名ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级患者行32例颈动脉内膜剥脱术,采用深浅丛联合阻滞,观察围术期血液动力学指标变化,分流管放置率和并发症情况.结果 麻醉后血压和心率与麻醉前相比差异有显著性(P＜0.05),其它时点与麻醉前相比差异无显著性(P＞0.05).颈动脉夹闭前后收缩压和心率的波动性的差异无显著性(P＞0.05).围术期高血压的发生率为50.0%,低血压6.25%,心动过速28.1%,心动过缓6.25%,分流管放置率6.25%.患者满意率84.4%.无1例改用全麻,无严重围术期并发症.结论颈丛阻滞是颈动脉内膜剥脱术安全、有效的麻醉方法.     

Comparison of propofol induction with thiopentone or methohexitone in short outpatient general anaesthesia

The per- and post-operative characteristics of three different i.v. anaesthetic induction agents were studied double-blindly in 75 patients admitted for outpatient gynaecological dilatation and curettage. All the patients were premedicated with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg i.m. Induction started with alfentanil 0.015 mg/kg i.v. 60 s before either: propofol 2.2 mg/kg i.v., or thiopentone 4.0 mg/kg i.v., or methohexitone 2.0 mg/kg i.v. All the patients received 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen. The propofol patients were significantly better relaxed and had a higher incidence of hypotension during the procedure. The methohexitone patients had higher pulse rates and a higher frequency of hiccups during the procedure. Propofol induction resulted in a faster awakening of the patients and a better recovery function compared with methohexitone for the first 15 min and compared with thiopentone for the first 240 min after the procedure. Postoperative side-effects were less frequent in the thiopentone group, and minor abdominal pain was significantly more frequent in the propofol group. There was no significant difference between the groups for any variable after 240 min postoperatively.     

Gaseous homeostasis during low-flow anaesthesia

The object of this clinical study was to investigate the circle system gas homeostasis during low-flow anaesthesia using a technique designed to keep a constant inspired oxygen fraction of 0.30. Denitrogenation was adequately accomplished with mask preoxygenation, 10 l/min, for 1 min and an initial fresh gas flow of 5 l/min for 6 min after intubation. There was no need to wash out accumulated nitrogen at intervals, since the already low nitrogen concentration in the system tended to decrease after 1 h. The fresh gas flow of nitrous oxide to oxygen ratio and the inspiratory to end-expiratory oxygen concentration difference both reflected the uptake of nitrous oxide. The calculated rates of uptake of nitrous oxide, a subject of controversy, were in accordance with those found by Severinghaus and Barton & Nunn.     

静脉镇静镇痛技术在隆乳术中的临床应用

目的介绍静脉镇静镇痛技术在局部麻醉隆乳术中的应用效果和体会。方法将606例ASAⅠ、Ⅱ级隆乳术患者分为四组,分别采用负荷剂量后持续输注异丙酚-芬太尼(P-F组,n=56)、咪唑安定-芬太尼(M-F组,n=130)、异丙酚-芬太尼-氯胺酮(P-F-K组,n=68)或咪唑安定-芬太尼-氯胺酮(M-F-K组,n=352)复合液的给药方法,调整注速维持镇静深度在改良的警觉/镇静评分2或3分。结果四组患者术中的镇静镇痛效果均满意,呼吸循环功能基本稳定,均在停药3~10min后清醒,但P-F-K组和M-F-K组患者的术中疼痛发生率及程度显著低于P-F组和M-F组。术后随访所有患者均对麻醉效果满意,仅P-F组和P-F-K组分别有11例和5例患者有模糊术中记忆。结论镇静镇痛技术是适用于隆乳局部麻醉手术简单、安全有效的理想麻醉方法,复合使用小剂量氯胺酮能明显减少术中疼痛的发生率,其中以咪-芬-氯复合镇静镇痛的术中疼痛和记忆发生率最低,程度最轻,是适于该手术的最佳镇静镇痛方法。     

局部PUVA治疗儿童白癜风疗效及安全性观察

目的:观察局部光化学疗法(Psoralen plus UVA,PUVA)治疗儿童白癜风的临床疗效及安全性.方法:采用小型UVA灯(电压220V,电流0.34A,功率25.4w,主波峰长36 5nm,辐照度为1 070uw/cm2)治疗56例白癜风患儿,30次为一个疗程,共观察3个疗程.结果:第一疗程、第二疗程及第三疗程结束后临床显效率分别达39.29%、48.21%和5 5.36%,未发现明显不良反应,其中病程短、局限性及面颈部白癜风患儿疗效佳.结论:局部PUVA治疗儿童白癜风安全、有效、不良反应小,小型UVA灯具有疗效好、治疗方便的优点.