Post-operative pain and inflammatory reaction reduced by injection of a corticosteroid

Summary In a controlled crossover study, identical surgical procedures, the prophylactic removal of bilateral non-erupted 3rd molar teeth, were performed on two separate occasions in 24 healthy patients. Prior to each procedure, either betamethasone 9 mg (Celeston Chronodose^®) or placebo was administered intramuscularly, in a randomized fashion. Objective and subjective assessments were recorded for paired comparison of the post-operative course, including swelling, pain, trismus, local temperature, bleeding, wound-healing and preference for treatment. In 23 patients, less swelling occurred when betamethasone was given pre-operatively. The mean reduction on the 3rd and 6th post-operative days was 55% (p<0.001) and 69% (p<0.001), respectively. Pain assessments (visual analogue scale) were significantly lower after the corticosteroid injection; mean response: 1st evening 17 vs 56 mm, 2nd evening 5 vs 37 mm, and 3rd evening 2 vs 13 mm. No significant correlation between the steroid-induced reduction in swelling and pain could be made. This may indicate that dissociation may exist between pain and other inflammatory events like swelling. No clinically apparent infection or other disturbance of wound-healing was noted after corticosteroid administration. This treatment course was preferred by 23 of the 24 patients.     

CBN对脑缺血再灌注小鼠线粒体损伤的影响

目的：观察CBN对脑缺血再灌注小鼠的线粒体损伤的影响。方法：分离提纯脑缺血再灌注小鼠脑的线粒体。用分光光度法检测线粒体的膜肿胀度，用激光拉曼光谱检测脑线粒体的生物大分子的变化。结果：小鼠脑缺血再灌注后。其线粒体出现膜肿胀，CBN50、100mg／kg iv对此有明显的抑制作用。各组脑线粒体的Raman和IR光谱基本一致。CBN组与假手术组比较接近。模型组只是在量上有一些差异。结论：CBN对脑缺血再灌注小鼠的线粒体损伤的有一定的保护作用。     

海藻酸钙凝胶微球的制备和pH依赖性溶胀

利用海藻酸钠溶液与氯化钙溶液发生胶凝反应，本文用滴制的方法制备了海藻酸钙凝胶微球，并对制备的处方和工艺进行了探讨，同时考察了海藻酸钙凝胶微球的特征和溶胀特性。干燥的凝胶微球在不同pH的水性介质中溶胀特性不同。海藻酸钙凝胶微球的这种溶胀的pH敏感性，使其能成为口服药物缓释制剂的载体。     

Assessing equine sperm-membrane integrity

The swelling of cells in a hypo-osmotic medium has been described as an important criterion for assessing the functional integrity of the sperm plasma membrane. The resistance of equine spermatozoa to osmolarity changes was studied by extending 98 semen samples collected from nine stallions in media at five osmolarities (300, 200, 150, 100, and 50 mOsmol l(-1)). The response of the cells was measured by the spermatocrit technique and eosin staining. Spermatocrit determines the increase on spermatozoal volume under hypo-osmotic conditions, a sign of functional integrity of sperm plasma membrane, whereas the eosin staining evaluates the viability of spermatozoa. A significant positive correlation (P<0.01) was observed between spermatocrit values and percentage of eosin-unstained cells. Spermatocrit measurements and eosin staining proved to be useful methods to evaluate the integrity of sperm plasma membrane under hypo-osmotic conditions and could be used as an additional criterion to predict semen preservation ability.     

急性脑肿胀去大骨瓣减压术后迟发性血肿

目的探讨外伤后急性脑肿胀去大骨瓣减压术后迟发性血肿的发病机制及临床表现，以提高该类病人的手术疗效。方法回顾性分析28例急性脑肿胀去大骨瓣减压术后迟发性颅内血肿病人的临床表现。结果外伤后急性脑肿胀去大骨瓣术后迟发性血肿的发生率为19．56％，术区继发硬膜外血肿10．87％。死亡率为32．12％。结论急性脑肿胀去大骨瓣术后迟发性血肿的发生率较高，多见于脑肿胀缓解病例，对术中出现的急性脑膨出和术后病情恶化应考虑到迟发性血肿的可能，早期的诊断是提高疗效的关键。     

急性颅内血肿清除后继发对侧迟发性血肿

目的：急性外伤性颅内血肿清除的术中及术后，如及时发现对侧迟发性血肿并治疗可提高疗效。方法：在术中发生急性脑肿胀时应在对侧钻颅探查或术后病人恶化时行ＣＴ检查。结果：治疗３０例对侧迟发血肿病人其中１０例死亡，手术死亡率为３３．３％。结论：在清除急性外伤性颅内血肿时发生急性脑肿胀或术后病情恶化应想到对侧可能是迟发性血肿形成，宜尽早钻颅探查或复查ＣＴ，早诊早治可改善预后。     

新辅助化疗结合保肢手术治疗肢体骨肉瘤

目的：评价新辅助化疗结合保肢手术治疗肢体骨肉瘤的临床疗效。方法：选择1995年1月-2003年1月新辅助化疗结合保肢手术治疗的肢体骨肉瘤31例。广泛切除22例，边缘切除9例。所有病例切除标本均做多病理切片的坏死率评估结果：随访2～8年，31例中无瘤生存超过5年19例（61.3％），肿瘤局部复发4例（12.9％）。肢体功能评估优良率为67．7％：结论：新辅助化疗结合保肢手术是治疗肢体骨肉瘤理想的治疗方法，术前有效化疗是保肢术成功的关键。     

盐酸克伦特罗体外抑制大鼠胚胎肢芽细胞增殖和分化的研究

目的探讨盐酸克伦特罗对大鼠胚胎肢芽细胞的影响。方法采用大鼠胚胎肢芽细胞培养方法,观察盐酸克伦特罗对大鼠胚胎肢芽细胞增殖和分化的影响。结果盐酸克伦特罗对大鼠胚胎肢芽细胞增殖、分化均有抑制作用;细胞增殖:y^=0.507-0.000 7x,r=-0.949(P<0.01);细胞分化:y^=87.63-0.286x,r=-0.945(P<0.01),存在明显的剂量—反应关系,并呈显著性负相关;胚胎肢芽细胞半数抑制细胞增殖浓度(IP50)为0.34μg/L,半数抑制分化浓度(ID50)为0.09μg/L,IP50/ID50=3.78。结论盐酸克伦特罗可抑制大鼠胚胎肢芽细胞增殖和分化作用。     

4种氨基甙类抗生素对膈肌和四肢肌肉的松弛作用

目的　探讨氨基甙类抗生素—阿贝卡星 (arbekacin ,ABK) ,阿司霉素 (astromicin ,ASTM) ,异帕咪星 (isepamicin ,ISP)和奈替咪星 (netilmicin ,NTL)在家兔的膈肌 ,前胫骨肌和比目鱼肌的神经肌肉抑制作用。方法　将 2 4只家兔平均分成 4组 ,戊巴比妥静脉麻醉下分别游离膈神经 -膈肌 ,胫神经 -前胫骨肌和腓总神经 -比目鱼肌 ,然后在膈肌表面和肢体肌远端肌腱固定连接肌张力换能测定装置以及在上述神经固定神经刺激电极 ,给予频率为 0 1Hz ,持续 0 1ms ,间隔 10s的超强电刺激。采用累积剂量给药法分别静脉注射以上被验 4种抗生素 ,记录刺激神经所诱发的肌肉等张颤搐强度 ,评价抗生素在 3种肌群不同神经肌肉抑制作用。结果　 4种抗生素在以上 3种骨骼肌肌群均表现不同程度的抑制作用 ,在初期剂量给药时 ,膈肌对药物的敏感性较明显 ,比目鱼肌表现相对最弱。抗生素作用于这 3种肌群的ED50 值大小顺序为比目鱼肌 >前胫骨肌 >膈肌和ED95值大小顺序为比目鱼肌 >膈肌 >前胫骨肌。抗生素在前胫骨肌和比目鱼肌的ED50 值约分别为膈肌的 1 5和 2 7倍。 4种抗生素间神经肌肉抑制作用强度顺序为NTL >ABK >ASTM >ISP。这些抗生素引起的神经肌肉抑制作用可以被新斯的明和钙剂所拮抗。结论　 4种氨基甙类抗生素在膈肌相     

1,6-二磷酸果糖镁盐对大鼠实验性心肌线粒体损伤的治疗作用

 目的观察1,6-二磷酸果糖镁盐(FDP-Mg)对由异丙肾上腺素(Iso)诱导的心肌线粒体缺血性损伤的治疗作用。方法采用皮下多点注射Iso致大鼠心肌缺血损伤模型,静脉分别予FDP-Mg100mg·kg^-1及FDP-Na120mg·kg^-1和MgSO₄30mg·kg^-1进行治疗,观察心肌细胞及线粒体超微结构的变化,测定药物对缺血损伤的心肌细胞内的线粒体膜电位的影响及对线粒体肿胀的抑制率。同时利用黄嘌呤/黄嘌呤氧化酶氧自由基发生系统和CuSO₄/细胞色素C羟自由基发生系统分别检测药物对超氧阴离子(O₂^-)和羟自由基(·OH)的清除率。结果FDP-Mg可以显著改善由Iso所诱导的线粒体膜电位异常改变,抑制线粒体肿胀。且对·OH和O₂^-有较高的清除率,与对照组相比有显著差异。电镜显示FDP-Mg对维持线粒体的正常形态有明显作用。结论FDP-Mg可有效保护由Iso所致的心肌细胞的线粒体实验性缺血损伤。