177例慢性粒细胞白血病患者血糖测定值分析

目的 探讨可能影响慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）患者血糖测定值的因素，加深对白血病假性低血糖现象的认识。方法 应用自动生化分析仪对177例CML患者血糖和外周血白细胞进行测定，并结合临床进行分析。结果 在177例CML患者中，共发现32例（18.1%)白血病假性低血糖现象。血糖测定值与白细胞计数呈负相关（P＜0.05)，环境温度对假性低血糖现象的发生也有一定的影响。32例白血病假性低血糖现象中，24例未得到临床医师的充分认识。此外，5例（2.8%)CML急变合并高血糖患者，其原因可能是应激导致了血糖增高。结论 外周血白细胞计数和环境温度对白血病假性低血糖现象的产生有一定作用，对CML血糖值的分析应与临床症状相结合。     

急性髓系白血病患者诱导缓解治疗期症状群的纵向研究

目的 探讨急性髓系白血病（acute myeloid leukemia,AML）患者诱导缓解治疗（induction therapy,IT）期症状群的变化情况。方法 2018年1月—2020年6月,便利选取山东省某三级甲等医院血液内科首次确诊为AML并接受IT的130例患者,运用中文版记忆症状评估量表在IT开始前1 d（T1）、IT结束当天（T2）、IT结束后第7天（T3）对其进行评估,运用因子分析确立症状群的组成。 结果 T1存在4个症状群,为心理症状群、营养症状群、神经症状群和疼痛-出汗症状群。T2存在3个症状群,为胃肠道症状群、疲乏症状群和治疗相关症状群。T3存在4个症状群,为心理症状群、胃肠道症状群、疲乏症状群和形象改变症状群。其中心理症状群在T1和T3存在,疲乏症状群和胃肠道症状群在T2和T3持续存在。结论 AML患者在IT期经历的症状群呈动态变化。IT前的心理症状群、IT中的胃肠道症状群、IT结束后的疲乏症状群可作为优先干预的症状群。     

PIG7与丙戊酸促进人白血病细胞SKNO-1的分化和凋亡

 目的：研究p53诱导基因 7（PIG7）对人白血病细胞SKNO-1的作用及组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂丙戊酸(VPA)的协同效应。方法：SKNO-1细胞经不同浓度的VPA（1~10 mmol/L）分别作用后,用MTT法检测VPA对SKNO-1细胞增殖的影响。通过病毒包装及感染系统分别将带有PIG7开放读码框和反义寡核苷酸片段的慢病毒载体导入SKNO-1细胞,用RT-PCR及Western blotting检测SKNO-1细胞中PIG7 的mRNA及蛋白表达情况;用流式细胞术检测VPA作用于病毒感染后SKNO-1细胞的凋亡率和分化抗原CD11b的表达; DNA ladder实验分析细胞的凋亡。结果：VPA可明显抑制SKNO-1细胞增殖,且具有时间、剂量依赖性。过表达PIG7促进SKNO-1细胞的凋亡和分化, 联合VPA作用后细胞分化抗原CD11b的表达水平和细胞凋亡率明显高于空载体组（P<0.05）,并出现典型的DNA梯状条带。结论：VPA具有抑制SKNO-1细胞增殖和诱导其分化及凋亡的作用。过表达PIG7可促进SKNO-1细胞的凋亡和分化,并增加SKNO-1细胞对VPA的敏感性。过表达PIG7联合VPA有望成为白血病治疗的新策略。     

Convalescent plasma therapy for severe Covid-19 in patients with hematological malignancies

BackgroundData on convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) in patients of hematological malignancies with severe Covid-19 is scarce.ObjectiveTo study 14-day mortality in patients who received CPT.Patients & methodsRetrospective multicentre observational study conducted in 4 centres treating haematological malignancies across Delhi-national capital region. Total 33 haematological malignancies patients with severe Covid-19 who received CPT were analysed.ResultsThe median age of the study cohort was 62 years (18–80 years). Twenty one percent patients had 1 comorbidity, 18 % had 2 comorbidities and 6% patients had 3 and 5 comorbidities each. Twenty four patients were on active therapy. Sixty nine percent of patients required ICU stay. Twenty five patients received plasma therapy within 7 days (early) of diagnosis of Covid-19 infection. Median day of plasma infusion from date of diagnosis of Covid-19 infection was 4 days (range: 2–25 days). Patient who had early initiation of plasma therapy had shorter duration of hospitalisation (12.7 vs 24.3 days, p = 0.000). Overall mortality in the cohort was 45.5%. There was no effect of disease status, active therapy, presence of comorbidity on mortality. There was no difference in the mortality in patients receiving early vs late initiation of plasma therapy or in patients receiving one versus two plasma therapy.ConclusionsWe provide a large series of patients with hematological malignancies and role of CPT in this group.     

以自发性脾脏破裂为首发症状的B细胞前淋巴细胞性白血病1例临床病理观察

目的探讨1例以自发性脾破裂的B细胞前淋巴细胞性白血病(B-PLL)的临床病理特征,进行鉴别诊断、治疗和预后评估。方法回顾性分析1例上海市第一人民医院宝山分院以自发性脾脏破裂的B-PLL大体形态和镜下特点、免疫表型、细胞遗传学及分子生物学特征,与外周血涂片、骨髓涂片和骨髓活检结果相互印证,并复习相关文献。结果患者男性,57岁,因发热、怕冷、乏力6天就诊,一般检查:白细胞18.8×10^9/L,血小板为25×10^9/L,血红蛋白96 g/L,C-反应蛋白200 mg/L,乳酸脱氢酶:3 867μ/L。影像学表现:上腹部CT平扫示脾脏肿大伴斑片状高低密度影,腹腔积液;下腹部CT平扫示盆腔大量血性积液,诊断脾脏自发性破裂出血。大体检查:①脾脏重1 225 g,大小22 cm×15 cm×8 cm,表面不规则破裂长约5 cm,切面暗红色,未见肿块。②副脾重15 g,大小2.7 cm×2.5 cm×1.3 cm,切面暗红色未见肿块。显微镜观察:低倍镜下脾脏红髓和白髓的正常结构破坏;高倍镜下见大量中等大小圆形肿瘤细胞,少量嗜碱性胞质,核染色质浓染,嗜酸性核仁中央突出,弥漫浸润于脾脏。免疫组化显示肿瘤细胞CD20、CD79a、MUM-1、Pax-5均(+),Ki-67平均增殖指数80%,bcl2、bcl6、C-myc灶(+),MPO、CD23、CD43、Td T、CD3、CD4、CD8、CD56、CD99、CD10、CD34、CD21、CD68、Cyclin D1、CD5、S-100、EBV、Lysozyme均(-)。病理诊断:(脾脏) B-PLL,累及副脾。外周血涂片、骨髓涂片、骨髓活检和流式学分析证实B幼淋巴细胞占71%,粒、红、巨三系增生减低。分子生物学特征:IGHV基因重排检测到单克隆重排,IGH单克隆V区测序检测到IGH单克隆V区超突变,用Sanger测序检测到MYD88基因L265P突变,未检测到p53基因突变。细胞遗传学染色体核型分析:核型46,XY。术后随访36个月,患者在上海市交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院行R-EPOCH化疗后,病情完全缓解未进展。结论 B-PLL好发于老年男性,侵袭性临床过程,以自发性脾脏破裂为首发症状的B-PLL罕见,而R-EPOCH方案化疗为B-PLL治疗带来希望。     

CD26 a cancer stem cell marker and therapeutic target

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) comprise a tumor subpopulation responsible for tumor maintenance, resistance to chemotherapy, recurrence and metastasis. The identification of this cell group is very important, but there is still no consensus on its characterization. Several CSC markers have been described, like CD133, CD24, CD44 and ALDH1, but more research to identify new markers to facilitate the identification of CSC in a heterogeneous tumoral mass is required. Thus, this article describes the CD26 expression as a CSC marker and the role that it plays in different types of cancer. CD26 expression correlates with some characteristics of CSCs, like the formation of spheres in vitro, formation of new tumors, and resistance to chemotherapy. CD26 is therefore suggested as an auxiliary marker for CSC in different types of cancer, and as a potential therapeutic target.     

高迁移率族蛋白B1在恶性血液病中的研究进展

高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)是存在于真核生物细胞核中的非组蛋白染色体结合蛋白.前期研究证明,HMGB1作为炎症晚期介质,参与炎症的发展.近年,HMGB1被发现高表达于多种恶性血液病中,并通过多种途径参与恶性血液病的发展和耐药等过程.笔者拟就HMGB1与肿瘤耐药、白血病、淋巴瘤及多发性骨髓瘤之间的关系进行综述,旨在为恶性血液病的治疗提供新靶点.     

Genomics-based Approach and Prognostic Stratification Significance of Gene Mutations in Intermediate-risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Objective:

Intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (IR-AML), which accounts for a substantial number of AML cases, is highly heterogeneous. We systematically summarize the latest research progress on the significance of gene mutations for prognostic stratification of IR-AML.

Data Sources:

We conducted a systemic search from the PubMed database up to October, 2014 using various search terms and their combinations including IR-AML, gene mutations, mutational analysis, prognosis, risk stratification, next generation sequencing (NGS).

Study Selection:

Clinical or basic research articles on NGS and the prognosis of gene mutations in IR-AML were included.

Results:

The advent of the era of whole-genome sequencing has led to the discovery of an increasing number of molecular genetics aberrations that involved in leukemogenesis, and some of them have been used for prognostic risk stratification. Several studies have consistently identified that some gene mutations have prognostic relevance, however, there are still many controversies for some genes because of lacking sufficient evidence. In addition, tumor cells harbor hundreds of mutated genes and multiple mutations often coexist, therefore, single mutational analysis is not sufficient to make accurate prognostic predictions. The comprehensive analysis of multiple mutations based on sophisticated genomic technologies has raised increasing interest in recent years.

Conclusions:

NGS represents a pioneering and helpful approach to prognostic risk stratification of IR-AML patients. Further large-scale studies for comprehensive molecular analysis are needed to provide guidance and a theoretical basis for IR-AML prognostic stratification and clinical management.     

Differentiation between tuberculosis and leukemia in abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes: evaluation with contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography

PURPOSE:

To compare the characteristics of tubercular vs. leukemic involvement of abdominopelvic lymph nodes using multidetector computed tomography (CT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We retrospectively reviewed multidetector computed tomography features including lymph node size, shape, enhancement patterns, and anatomical distribution, in 106 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed, untreated tuberculosis (55 patients; 52%) or leukemia (51 patients; 48%). In patients with leukemia, 32 (62.7%) had chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and 19 (37.3%) had acute leukemias; of these, 10 (19.6%) had acute myeloid leukemia, and 9 (17.6%) had acute lymphocytic leukemia.

RESULTS:

The lower para-aortic (30.9% for tuberculosis, 63.2% for acute leukemias and 87.5% for chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and inguinal (9.1% for tuberculosis, 57.9% for acute leukemias and 53.1% for chronic lymphocytic leukemia) lymph nodes were involved more frequently in the three types of leukemia than in tuberculosis (both with p <0.017). Tuberculosis showed peripheral enhancement, frequently with a multilocular appearance, in 43 (78.2%) patients, whereas patients with leukemia (78.9% for acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia, 87.5% for chronic lymphocytic leukemia) demonstrated predominantly homogeneous enhancement (both with p <0.017). For the diagnosis of tuberculosis, the analysis showed that a peripheral enhancement pattern had a sensitivity of 78.2%, a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 88.7%. For the diagnosis of leukemia, the analysis showed that a homogeneous enhancement pattern was associated with a sensitivity of 84.3%, a specificity of 94.5%, and an accuracy of 89.6%.

CONCLUSION:

Our findings indicate that the anatomical distribution and enhancement patterns of lymphadenopathy seen on multidetector computed tomography are useful for differentiating between untreated tuberculosis and leukemia of the abdominopelvic lymph nodes.