用于评价动物社交偏好程度的新方法

目的：利用一种改进的三箱社交装置评价动物的社交偏好程度,并探索该方法的可行性。方法：采用注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)大鼠作为社交障碍模型动物,以同源大鼠（WKY)大鼠和Wistar大鼠作为对照组,模型组采用治疗ADHD的临床常用中成药小儿黄龙颗粒（1.88 g/kg、3.75 g/kg）灌胃给药16 d。利用改进的三箱社交箱,以待测鼠在陌生鼠侧密切交流区的时间、频次、路程及相关比例作为行为学指标,检测该方法对社交行为评价的可行性。结果：与Wistar大鼠组比较,模型组大鼠与WKY组大鼠在密切交流区域及有陌生鼠侧区域的时间显著减少（P<0.01）,其他指标如频次、路程及比例也均有不同程度减少,小儿黄龙颗粒两剂量均能增加模型大鼠上述各指标数值。结论：该方法能准确捕捉动物的社交行为特征,实现对动物社交偏好程度的全面、客观评价。     

Observations of the relationship between left ventricular aneurysm and ST segment elevation in patients with a first acute anterior Q wave myocardial infarction

Seventy-eight consecutive survivors of a first acute anteriorQ wave myocardial infarction (AMI) underwent two-dimensionalechocardiography (2D echo), colour Doppler echo and radionuclideangiography (RNA) for the diagnosis of left ventricular (LV)anteroapical aneurysm, in order to study the relationship ofthis complication to precordial ST segment elevation in thesepatients. The ST elevation (mm) in lead V₂, the maximum ST elevationin V₁-V₆ and the sum of ST elevation in V₁ to V₆ were calculated.LV aneurysm was present in 19 patients by 2D echo, of whom 12had a paradoxical systolic flow pattern (red and outward towardsthe transducer) at the apex. There was no difference between the mean ST elevation in V₂or the maximum ST elevation in V₁-V₆ in patients with and withoutan aneurysm, although the sum of ST elevations in V₁ to V₆ washigher in the former group (P<0.01). ST elevation of patientswith and without paradoxical systolic flow also did not differsignificantly. Wall motion abnormality (akinesis and dyskinesis)by 2D echo in the anterior wall was seen in 74% of patientswith and 36% of patients without an aneurysm (P<0.005), andin the septal region in 63% and 47% of respective patients (P-NS).There was no difference between the magnitude of ST elevationin subgroups of patients with ejection fraction (EF) 30% to40%, but the mean EF of patients with (23 ± 2.1%) andwithout a LV aneurysm (34 ± 1.3%) differed (P<0.001). It is concluded that precordial ST segment elevation does notclearly and in the diagnosis of an anteroapical LV aneurysm.It is related to akinesis and dyskinesis in anterior and septalregions inherent in patients with AMI and does not indicateimpaired LV function.     

左室重量与左心功能不全相关性的研究

目的：研究可否用左室重量表达并判定左心功能不全的可能性。方法：将左心功能不全按NYHA标准分成4个级别,每级1组,并设正常对照组,用超声心动图测量同一个病人的左室射血分数（LVEF）和左室重量。用SAS统计软件做方差分析。结果：LVEF与左心功能不全高度负相关（R＝－0．77270）,左室重量与左心功能不全高度正相关（R＝0．73421）。LVEF、左室重量各级指标间差别显著（n＝153,F＝64．85,P＜0．01;n＝153,F＝53．39,P＜0．0001）。各级与对照组比统,LVEF指标从Ⅱ级开始方有显著差别（P＜0．05）;而左室重量指标从Ⅰ级开始就有显著差别（P＜0．05）。结论：LVEF与左室重量指标均与左心功能不全高度相关,但心功能Ⅰ级的病人,左室重量指标更为敏感。     

Major organ function under mechanical support: comparative studies of pulsatile and nonpulsatile circulation

We examined a major organ function during 3 h biventricular assisted circulation after acute myocardial infarction model in the pig. In left ventricular circulation, the outflow cannula was placed in the ascending aorta and an inflow cannula through the mitral valve in the left ventricle. A pump (pulsatile group, Zeon Medical, Inc., Tokyo, Japan and nonpulsatile group, Nikkiso HPM-15, Nikkiso, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) was connected to each cannula. In right ventricular circulation, the outflow cannula was placed in the pulmonary artery and an inflow cannula in the right ventricle. The right ventricular circulation was supported by a nonpulsatile pump (Nikkiso HPM-15). The items measured were the regional blood flows of the cortex and medulla in the kidney, white matter and gray mater in brain, and liver; renal arterial flow; carotid arterial flow; portal vein flow; common hepatic arterial flow; arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR); and lactate/pyrubic acid (L/P). In the pulsatile group, the renal cortical blood flow increased, and the medulla blood flow decreased. On the other hand, in the nonpulsatile group, both regional blood flows decreased. That means that in the pulsatile assisted group intrarenal redistribution improved rather than in the nonpulsatile assisted group. In addition the liver regional blood flow, AKBR, and L/P showed significant differences between the pulsatile and nonpulsatile groups. On the other hand, the white matter and gray matter regional blood flows and carotid arterial flow did not show significant differences between the groups. The results of our study indicated that pulsatile circulation produced superior circulation in the kidney and liver, and microcirculation on the cell level was superior as well in early treatment of acute heart failure.     

Acute clinical deterioration in a patient with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular thrombus formation

The case of a 17-year-old male patient with severe end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy and a large thrombus formation within the cavum of the left ventricle is reported. After an acute thrombectomia combined with a partial left ventriculectomy (Batista procedure), the patient was successfully treated with an appropriate left ventricular assist device (LVAD) system using a centrifugal nonocclusive pump (Biomedicus, Medtronic, Anaheim, CA, U.S.A.). Mechanical support was removed on Day 9, and the patient was discharged from the hospital on Day 19. The effectiveness of emergency mechanical support in patients with very unfavorable prognoses is discussed.     

基于自适应方向滤波的左心室轮廓提取

提出基于自适应方向滤波方法来提取左心室轮廓。在噪声的干扰下,引入经平滑处理的方向滤波能够得到精确的边缘,所获得的边缘方向矢量能够在边缘跟踪时对边缘走向预测,同时对参数进行自适应地调整。通过尽量少的人机交互,算法能够自动提取出左心室的轮廓。实验证明该算法增加了边缘提取的精度和一致性,同时显著地降低了计算复杂度。     

Assessment of left ventricular function: comparison between radionuclide angiography and semiquantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic analysis

Measurement of global left ventricular function is important in the follow-up of cardiac patients and is a good prognostic indicator in acute cardiac situations. We compared quantitative measurements of global left ventricular function made with radionuclide angiography (RNA) and contrast cardiac ventriculography (CVG) to visual semiquantitative estimates from two-dimensional echocardiographic images (2D-echo). Three hundred and thirty-nine consecutive patients who underwent RNA were assessed with 2D-echo within 3 months. In addition, 92 of these patients also underwent CVG (correlation of ejection fraction between CVG and RNA:r=0.82;P<0.0001). The RNA mean ejection fractions in the four 2D-echo groups (0=normal, 1=slightly, 2=moderate, or 3=severe reduced left ventricular function) differed markedly (P<0.0001); however, there was overlapping among the groups (2D-echo score/RNA ejection fraction: 0=57.3%±12.8%; 1=46.0%±12.9%; 2=29.6%±12.2%; and 3=24.6%±11.5%) and the difference between 2D-echo scores 2 and 3 was not significant. 2D-echo showed a good concordance in RNA classes (0=505; 1=35%–49%; 2=21%–34%; and 3=520% ejection fraction) 0 (133/166; 80%) and 3 (18/30; 60%) but low concordance in classes 1 (27/82; 33%) and 2 (21/61; 34%). For accurate assessment of global left ventricular ejection fraction, visual semiquantitative judgement of a 2D echocardiographic image is limited in comparison to CVG or RNA, especially in patients with a slight or moderate reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction.     

Comparison of augmented and non-augmented anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction combined with high tibial osteotomy

In a follow-up study 27 patients were evaluated after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL-)reconstruction combined with high tibial osteotomy because of chronic rupture of the ACL, cartilaginous lesions of the medial compartment and varus malalignment. They were divided into two groups. In 14 patients (non-LAD group) ACL reconstruction was performed using the central third of the autologous patellar tendon modified according to Eriksson-Trillat. Thirteen patients (LAD group) underwent repair with the same technique, but a Kennedy ligament augmentation device (LAD) in hot dog technique and fixed over the top was added. The postoperative treatment was the same in both groups. All patients were examined according to IKDC criteria. KT-1000 arthrometer testing at maximum manual traction was performed. Although the mean follow-up interval was more than double in the non-LAD group (non-LAD: 127 months vs LAD: 58 months), the subjective and clinical results, IKDC evaluation and KT-1000 arthrometer testing results were similar, showing no statistically significant difference. Further, no complications due to the use of LAD occurred. In this study no evident functional or clinical advantage from the augmentation performed could be shown.Investigation performed at the Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basle, Switzerland. No benefits in any form have been received or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. Funds were received in total or partial support of the research or clinical study presented in this article. The funding sources were SUVA Assurance, Lucerne, and the science fund of the University Hospital Basle     

Chick gonadogenesis following early surgical bursectomy

Left ovaries of bursectomized chick embryos were examined on the 17th day of incubation in comparison to normal and sham-operated controls, by histological and histochemical observations. The results show that in bursectomized embryos the cortex appears irregulary developed, with a significant decrease in the mean thickness and in the percentage of the secondary sex cords in the total cortical area. Furthermore, the germinal epithelium appears thicker and the subcortical medulla and the tunica albuginea more compact. The greater activity of the enzyme ⁵–3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( ⁵3HSD) found in ovaries of bursectomized embryos (histochemical method) could be related to an endocrine dismetabolism affecting the cortical development. On the basis of these results and those of other authors, some hypotheses are advanced. In particular, an action of the bursal factor on GTH receptors could be the factor responsible of the enhanced steroidogenic activity altering the hormonal environment.