脉冲多普勒超声心动图评定正常人的左室舒张功能

本文用脉冲多普勒超声心动图(PDE)对103例不同年龄的正常人进行左室舒张功能的评定,表明年龄是影响正常人左室舒张功能的主要因素,并推荐一个40岁以上人群舒张功能正常与否的参考标准。     

Craniosynostosis,ectopia lentis,and congenital heart defects: Further delineation of an autosomal dominant syndrome with incomplete penetrance

The association of craniosynostosis with ectopia lentis is extremely rare. This was recently reported in monozygotic twin sisters, supporting a genetic etiology for this syndromic association. We report on female first cousins once removed who were born with unilateral coronal synostosis. One cousin also had peripheral pulmonic branch stenosis at birth and was later found to have ectopia lentis and severe myopia. The other cousin had an atrial septal defect, mitral valve prolapse, and only mild myopia. Their intelligence is normal. The inheritance is likely autosomal dominant with variable expression and incomplete penetrance and further defines this syndrome to include congenital heart defects. These findings will have important implications for genetic counseling. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Decreased incidence of headache after accidental dural puncture in caesarean delivery patients receiving continuous postoperative intrathecal analgesia

To examine the effects of prolonged (> 24 h) intrathecal catheterization with the use of postoperative analgesia on the incidence of post–dural puncture headache (PDPH), charts of 45 obstetric patients who had accidental dural puncture following attempts at epidural block were reviewed retrospectively. Three groups were identified: Group I (n = 15) patients had a dural puncture on the first attempt at epidural block, but successful epidural block on a repeated attempt; Group II (n=17) patients had a dural puncture with immediate conversion to continuous spinal anaesthesia with catheterization lasting only for the duration of caesarean delivery; Group III (n= 13) patients had an immediate conversion to spinal anaesthesia and received post–caesarean section continuous intrathecal patient–controlled analgesia consisting of fentanyl 5 (ig'ml^-1 with bupivacaine 0.25 mg·ml^-1 and epinephrine 2 μg·ml^-1 with catheterization lasting >24 h. No parturient in group III developed a PDPH. This was substantially lower ( P < 0.009) than the 33% incidence for group I and the 47% incidence for group II. The incidence of a PDPH did not differ between group I and II. Similarly, there was no difference between group I and II with regard to requests for a blood patch. Patients receiving continuous intrathecal analgesia had excellent pain relief, could easily ambulate and none complained of pruritus, nausea, vomiting, sensory loss or weakness. In conclusion, indwelling spinal catheterization > 24 h with continuous intrathecal analgesia following accidental dural puncture in parturients may for some patients be a suitable method for providing PDPH prophylaxis and postoperative analgesia.     

Intra-Hisian Block Associated with Unusual Etiologies

One hundred and sixty-nine patients underwent electrophysiologic study for atrioventricular block. Forty-five (27%) had intra-Hisian block. Four of these 45 patients had unusual etiologies: rheumatoid arthritis, cysticercosis cellulosae, Behcet's disease, and Takayasu aorto-arteritis. Their clinical and electrophysiologic features are described in detail.     

Left ventricular growth in a patient with critical coarctation of the aorta and hypoplastic left ventricle

An infant is presented who at birth met criteria consistent with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. He was followed clinically and by 11 weeks of age demonstrated substantial growth of the left ventricle. He underwent successful repair of coarctation of the aorta and continues to do well with moderate aortic stenosis. The difficulties of predicting left ventricular growth and function are discussed, and management options are reviewed.     

神经电生理检测对多灶性运动神经病诊断价值的初步研究

目的 探讨神经电生理检查在多灶性运动神经病(MMN)中的诊断价值。方法对16例MMN患者及16名健康对照进行运动神经传导速度和感觉神经传导速度检查，记录刺激引出的复合肌肉动作电位的波幅、波宽、面积、位相和时限，进行对比分析，判定是否有运动神经传导阻滞(CB)或暂时性离散(TD)，并有选择性地进行常规肌电图检查。结果16例患者均可见有一根以上运动神经或至少一根运动神经的一个以上部位出现CB或CD。其中13例双上肢正中神经，尺神经出现CB，3例以正中神经、尺神经的远端出现CB首发，随病情进展出现下肢腓深神经CB。仅有2例感觉神经传导速度稍有减慢，波幅略有降低。16例患者神经受累区域以下所支配肌肉肌电图检查见有神经源性损害。结论MMN是一种以远端神经受累为主的不对称性周围神经病，神经电生理检查对诊断和鉴别诊断．MMN起重要作用，CB是MMN的主要神经电生理表现。     

腓动脉皮支逆行岛状皮瓣的解剖与应用改进

目的探讨腓动脉皮支逆行岛状皮瓣的解剖学基础及临床应用效果。方法采用新鲜及防腐尸体下肢共25肢,对腓动脉皮支进行解剖学观测。于2003年9月~2005年6月收治足跖趾关节处软组织缺损患者10例,男8例,女2例。年龄21~55岁。其中背侧6例,跖侧4例,缺损范围10cm×6cm~15cm×10cm。应用带有外踝上11.0±1.7cm腓动脉固定皮支的腓动脉皮支逆行岛状皮瓣修复,皮瓣范围11.0cm×6.5cm~16.0cm×11.0cm。供区6例直接减张缝合,4例行自体游离皮片覆盖。结果解剖学观测外踝上11.0±1.7cm自腓动脉发出一固定皮支,起始点直径1.45±0.12mm,入深筋膜点距腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣轴线15.70±1.20mm。10例患者术后皮瓣均成活,血运良好,无静脉回流障碍;供区愈合良好。术后获随访6~12个月,皮瓣外形良好,质地、色泽与周边相似,足功能恢复良好,两点辨别觉11~18mm。结论腓动脉皮支逆行岛状皮瓣经改进后血运好,逆转距离长,修复范围大,操作简便,为临床修复足中远端软组织缺损提供了一种新方法。     

选择性上肢神经阻滞和静脉局部麻醉的进展

临床实践中，尽管臂丛神经阻滞可采用多种人路以满足上肢区域麻醉的需要，但有时仍需应用一些不常见的技术，如选择性上肢神经阻滞和静脉局部麻醉（IVRA），来阻滞非源自臂丛的神经或弥补臂丛神经阻滞不全。