大剂量苯甲酸雌二醇治疗剖宫产晚期产后出血

目的 :探讨苯甲酸雌二醇治疗剖宫产晚期产后出血的效果及安全性。方法 :选择符合子宫切口愈合不良的诊断 ,有治疗指征患者 9例 ,在严密观察下给予苯甲酸雌二醇 12mg/d ,肌注 ,血止后每 3d递减 1/3量 ,维持量 2mg/d2 2d停药 ,同时给予抗生素 ,缩宫素及支持治疗。结果 :全部病例 1～ 4d阴道流血不止 ,平均 2 5d ,撤退性出血量多于经量 ,5～ 10d止 ,2～ 3个月经周期后恢复正常 ,除回乳外未见明显其他副作用。结论 :大剂量苯甲酸雌二醇治疗子宫切口愈合不良所至的晚期产后出血有一定疗效 ,增加了保守治疗成功的希望 ,B超在诊断中有重要作用 ,新式剖宫产可减少子宫切口愈合不良的发生。     

螺旋CT双期增强扫描对肝脏占位性病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT双期扫描对肝脏占位性病变的诊断价值。方法 对98例肝内占位性病变的病人进行螺旋CT双期增强扫描。结果 98例病人中肝癌48例,肝转移瘤19例,肝血管瘤31例。结论 螺旋CT扫描速度快,在动脉期和门静脉期分别完成全肝扫描,弥补了一般动态扫描的缺点,对肝内病灶的检出和定性有重要价值。     

米索前列醇应用于晚期妊娠引产的临床研究

目的 :研究孕激素受体拮抗剂米索前列醇对妊娠晚期引产的效果。方法 :采用双盲对照法 ,选择晚期妊娠无米索前列醇禁忌证 6 0例为研究组 ,采用阴道给药总量 1 0 0mg ;另选择有关参数相同的 6 0例 ,应用催产素 ,两组观察相关指标体系进行比较。结果 :引产效果 ,分娩时间 ,宫颈评分等指标研究组均优于对照组。结论 :米索前列醇用于晚期妊娠引产效果优 ,安全     

医学图像增强方法综述

医学图像增强的目的是通过图像增强的方法得到优化的医学图像,以帮助医生从图像中获得更多细节信息,进一步做出更加客观的诊断及制定更全面的治疗方案,在一定程度上可提高临床诊断的准确性。本文首先归纳总结当前应用较为广泛的医学图像增强处理技术,包括传统的图像增强方法、改进的图像增强方法、融合的图像增强方法以及深度学习方法,然后对这些方法的原理、优缺点加以分析和总结。最后指出无论是传统方法还是现代图像增强方法,都应在最大限度保留其优势的情况下进行融合,取长补短,注重简单化和时效性,使提高图像的视觉质量同时更具有实用性。     

“Do You Have a Healthy Smile?”

This article examines whether cosmetic interventions by dentists and plastic surgeons are medically indicated and, hence, qualify as medical interventions proper. Cosmetic interventions (and the business strategies used to market them) are often frowned upon by dentists and physicians. However, if those interventions do not qualify as medical interventions proper, they should not be evaluated using medical-ethical norms. On the other hand, if they are to be considered medical practice proper, the medical-ethical principles of nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice and others hold true for cosmetic interventions as much as they do for other medical and dental interventions. It is concluded that most cosmetic interventions do not qualify as medical interventions proper because they do not restore or maintain the patient's health (defined as the patient's integrity) by any objective standards. Rather, cosmetic interventions are intended to enhance a person's physical appearance; more specifically, they intend to fulfill the client's subjective perception of an enhanced appearance. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Correlation between the degree of contrast enhancement and the volume of peritumoral edema in meningiomas and malignant gliomas

Peritumoral edema and contrast enhancement of brain tumors are both thought to be due to breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB); however, the exact mechanism by which these two phenomena occur and whether there is a quantitative or etiological relationship is not known. Our purpose was to determine whether the relationship between the breakdown of the BBB, defined radiologically as the degree of contrast enhancement, and the volume of surrounding edema is different for high-grade gliomas and meningiomas. We analyzed 13 meningiomas and 23 gliomas. A direct linear relationship between the degree of contrast enhancement (dC) and volume of peritumoral edema (V) with a high correlation coefficient (R = 0.66, P = 0.0006) was established for gliomas. A mathematical relationship between dC and V could not be established for meningioma. The findings for gliomas offer indirect radiological evidence that the defect in the BBB which causes edema is quantitatively and etiologically related to the defect in the BBB responsible for contrast enhancement. For meningiomas, the lack of a relationship between dC and V implies either that the mechanisms responsible for formation of edema and contrast enhancement are fundamentally different or that a physical barrier in certain meningiomas limits propagation of edema into the adjacent white matter. Received: 4 March 1999 Accepted: 18 March 1999     

Benign and malignant hepatocellular tumors: evaluation of tumoral enhancement after mangafodipir trisodium injection on MR imaging

The aim of this work was to study the ability of mangafodipir trisodium (Mn-DPDP)-enhanced MR imaging in differentiating malignant from benign hepatocellular tumors. Eleven patients with pathologically proved hepatocellular carcinomas, six with focal nodular hyperplasias, and one with a single hepatocellular adenoma were examined by spin-echo and gradient-echo T1-weighted sequences before, 1 h after, and 24 h after intravenous injection of Mn-DPDP (5 μmol/kg). Quantitative analysis including enhancement and lesion-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio, and qualitative analysis including the presence of a central area and a capsule were done on pre- and post-Mn-DPDP-enhanced images. Enhancement was observed in all the tumors with significant improvement (p < 0.05) in contrast-to-noise ratio 1 h after, and 24 h after intravenous injection of Mn-DPDP. There were no significant differences in the mean enhancement and the mean contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between benign and malignant tumors. No enhancement was seen within internal areas observed in 7 hepatocellular carcinomas, and in 5 focal nodular hyperplasias, and within capsules which were observed in 9 hepatocellular carcinomas. In our study, Mn-DPDP increased CNR of both benign and malignant tumors but did not enable differentiation between benign and malignant tumors of hepatocellular nature. Received: 7 October 1997; Revision received: 25 February 1998; Accepted: 10 July 1998     

湖南省肾综合征出血热Ⅰ型灭活疫苗效果免疫(感染)增强和免疫策略研究

采用ＩＦＡＴ法检测特异ＩｇＧ荧光抗体,用ＭＣＰＥＮＴ法检测中和抗体滴度,追踪流行病学防病效果。结果表明,该疫苗的安全性较好,总反应率为３１９％,中强反应１８２％,反应以局部一过性疼痛多见,无异常反应。疫苗３针全程免疫后２周、加强前、加强后２周、１年和２年,３年中和抗体阳转率分别为３１４０％、９３３％、８７５０％、５３８５％、３８１０％和３５００％。荧光抗体阳转率分别为８４９１％、２２５０％、８５００％、１５７９％、１０２０％和９０５％。疫苗的流行病学防病效果好,３针全程免疫后（１９９５４）至今（１９９９．３）接种者无人发病,对照组发病８例,保护率为１００００％,观察到试区疫情较四周非试区低,疫苗复盖率达５０％以上,似可有效控制疫情。发现有１例接种者在经过一个流行高峰期后荧光抗体较前呈４周以上增高,但无临床表现。未发现接种人群中有免疫（感染）增强问题。     

山东莒南HFRSⅡ型灭活疫苗效果观察

报告了ＨＦＲＳ地鼠肾细胞Ⅱ型灭活疫苗,自１９９４年以来,在莒南县高发疫区５个乡镇１７个村,对１６～６０岁的１１５１０人,全程免疫后４年的观察结果。疫苗初免３针后１４天、１年,血清中和抗体阳性率分别为６８９７％、１８５２％。加强１针后１４天达到１００％,加强后１年、２年、３年,中和抗体阳性率分别为６０００％、５３３３％、５０００％。几何平均滴度依次为８４、３２、１７０５、５７５、５３９、３６９。荧光抗体阳性率依次分别为９２００％、６２０７％、１００００％、５６００％、３２００％、２５００％。基础免疫后４年内,接种组发病１人,发病率为２１７／１０万;对照组发病６１人,发病率为１２８９１／１０万。疫苗保护率４年年均为９８３２％,安全性较好。疫苗接种者在流行高峰期后,荧光抗体滴度增高６人,均无临床表现。结论：ＨＦＲＳⅡ型灭活疫苗接种４年内,预防效果良好;接种人群未出现免疫增强反应病例。     

Parieto-occipital hypoperfusion in late whiplash syndrome: first quantitative SPET study using technetium-99m bicisate (ECD)

Brain single-photon emission tomography (SPET) withN,N-1,2-ethylene-diylbis-l-cysteine diethyl ester dihydrochloride (ECD) was performed on ten patients with a clinically high grade late whiplash syndrome and on 11 controls. Two independent readers blinded to the clinical diagnosis were able to separate the ten patients from normal controls. All these patients had qualitative bilateral parieto-occipital hypoperfusion. To confirm this, the perfusion rate of parieto-occipital over global (perfusion index) was calculated after drawing elliptical regions of interest in transversal-oblique slices. The perfusion indices in patients were significantly lower than in controls as tested by the Mann-WhitneyU test. This quantitative study proves our recent qualitatively analysed observation (Lancet 1995; 345: 1513–1514).