丝裂霉素C对LASEK术后Haze形成及角膜基质细胞的影响

目的 探讨在准分子激光角膜上皮瓣下磨镶术(LASEK)中,使用不同浓度丝裂霉素C(MMC)、作用不同时间,对Haze的形成及角膜基质细胞变化的影响.方法 40只兔(80眼),取随机一眼为实验眼,行LASEK术+MMC,对侧眼为手术对照组,仅行LASEK手术.实验眼又随机分为4组:T1组为0.02％的MMC作用10 s,T2组为0.02％的MMC作用30 s,T3组为0.08％的MMC作用10 s,T4组为0.08％的MMC作用30s.另设5兔(10眼)为正常对照组,不做任何手术及药物处理.术后观察Haze形成情况及并发症,并对角膜基质细胞凋亡进行实验研究.结果 术后1周内T1、T2、T3组角膜基本愈合,T4组仍有部分未愈合.术后1周,所有实验组的双眼角膜均有不同程度的Haze形成,其中T2、T3、T4组与手术对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而此实验三组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).T1组与手术对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).各组之间的角膜基质TUNEL阳性细胞数量差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),PT4组＞PT3组＞PT2组＞PT1组＞P手术对照组.结论 MMC可以减少Haze形成,增加作用时间及浓度都会明显抑制Haze的形成,增强角膜基质细胞凋亡.浓度为0.08％,作用时间为30 s的MMC作用最明显,但其对于角膜的刺激作用较大,上皮修复时间较长.     

蝇蛆生态处理猪粪对家蝇产卵和孵化的影响

目的 观察猪粪经蝇蛆生态处理后，家蝇孽生繁殖的变化。方法 分别以经蝇蛆处理和未处理的猪粪作为家蝇孽生繁殖场所，比较两种孽生场所家蝇产卵量和孵化率。结果处理猪粪中家蝇的产卵量仅占总产卵量的17.7%，未处理猪粪中家蝇的产卵量占总产卵量的82.3%。处理的猪粪中的蝇卵孵化率为41.4%，未处理猪粪中的蝇卵孵化率为85.1%. 结论猪粪经蝇蛆生态处理后，家蝇的产卵量和孵化率均明显降低。     

Gibt es Indikationen für “assisted hatching”

Assisted hatching was first described in 1990. The introduction of an artifical opening in the zona pellucida of the developing embryo should guarantee successful hatching of the embryo at the blastocyst stage. Embryo hatching is essential for subsequent implantation and for establishing a pregnancy. The introduction of assisted hatching has initiated a controversial discussion about the significance of this technique. The development of new techniques, such as laser assisted hatching, and the increasing knowledge of the hatching process in vitro and in vivo has re-opened this discussion. The former indications for assisted hatching, including maternal age (>38 years), a thick zona pellucida, and repeated failure of implantation despite the transfer of good embryos are still valid. Whether assisted hatching can raise the pregnancy rate following cryopreservation is questionable. Hatching in vivo is accomplished by embryonic and uterine factors. The detailed physiology of this process and possible disturbances have not yet been elucidated.     

一龄蚤幼破卵器形态及其分类意义

本文描述尚未见报的14种一龄蚤幼的破卵器形态(附有插图和图版),并结合既往资料讨论了它们在蚤类分类中的意义。 无论是破卵器的形状、大小,还是其孵化刺的形状、着生部位及发达程度,在不同科、属、种之间都有不同程度的差别,尤其在较高的分类阶元上差别甚大;但在同种的不同亚种,同属的不同种,乃至同科的不同属之间又存在一定的相似性。因此,一龄蚤幼的破卵器形态是蚤幼分类的重要特征之一。     

激光透明带打孔法辅助孵化对冻融胚胎/囊胚移植的影响

目的:探讨激光透明带打孔法辅助孵化(AH)对玻璃化冻融胚胎/囊胚移植临床结局的影响.方法:选取该院生殖中心2012年9月～2014年3月进行的符合相关标准的D3日玻璃化冻融胚胎968周期和DS/D6日玻璃化冻融囊胚284周期资料.根据移植术前是否对胚胎/囊胚进行AH操作,将D3日冻融胚胎移植周期分为A1组(AH组,887周期)和A2组(未做AH组,81周期),D5/D6日冻融囊胚移植周期分为B1组(AH组,112周期)和B2组(未做AH组,172周期).观察各组患者的胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率、早期流产率、多胎妊娠率、异位妊娠率等临床指标,分析AH对胚胎植入和妊娠结局的影响.结果:A1组/A2组、B1组/B2组间年龄、不孕年限、体重指数(BMI)、不孕因素、获卵数、内膜厚度、内膜准备方案等基础资料的比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);A1组/A2组、B1组/B2组间移植胚胎/囊胚数、植入优胚/囊胚比例、胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率、早期流产率、多胎妊娠率等指标的比较,差异也均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:对玻璃化冻融胚胎移植和冻融囊胚移植,AH均未见到对胚胎植入和临床妊娠有显著影响.     

Using Proales similis (Rotifera) for toxicity assessment in marine waters

There is a need to develop more animal species for assessing toxicity in marine environments. Cyst‐based toxicity tests using invertebrates are especially fast, technically simple, cost‐effective, and sensitive to a variety of toxicants. Over the past 30 years, a variety of toxicity endpoints have been measured using the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis hatched from cysts, including mortality, reproduction, ingestion, swimming, enzyme activity, and gene expression. A consensus has developed that the most ecologically relevant toxicity measurements should be made using more than one species. Furthermore, it has been noted that the rotifer species toxicant sensitivity distribution is much broader than which endpoint is measured. This implies that toxicity should be measured with the simplest, fastest, least expensive test available on as many species as feasible. If a battery of test species is to be used to estimate toxicity, diapause egg‐based toxicity tests that do not require culturing of test animals will be key. In this paper, we describe how diapause eggs of a new marine rotifer, Proales similis, can be produced, stored and hatched under controlled conditions to produce animals for toxicity tests. Methods are described for quantifying the toxicity of copper, mercury and cadmium based on mortality, ingestion, reproduction, and diapause egg hatching endpoints. We found that reproduction and ingestion endpoints were generally more sensitive to the metals than mortality or diapause egg hatching. When the copper sensitivity of P. similis was compared to Brachionus manjavacas and B. plicatilis using an ingestion test, similar EC50s were observed. In contrast, the B. rotundiformis ingestion EC50 for copper was about 4× more sensitive. Although diapause egg hatching was not the most sensitive endpoint, it is the most ecologically relevant for assessing sediment toxicity. Our discovery of diapausing eggs in the P. similis life cycle has created a conundrum. We have not observed males or sex in P. similis populations, which is a direct contradiction to the orthodox view of the monogonont rotifer life cycle. Work is needed to clarify how diapause egg production is accomplished by P. similis and whether sexual reproduction is involved.     

Laser-assisted tricuspid valve balloon dilation for acquired tricuspid valve atresia.

Acquired pulmonary valve atresia is a well-recognized but uncommon complication of surgical systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunts in patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Acquired atresia of the tricuspid valve, however, has not been reported previously. This complication developed in a 3-year-old girl, with pulmonary atresia and an intact ventricular septum, after a Blalock-Taussig shunt and right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. Percutaneous transcatheter laser-assisted balloon dilation re-established antegrade flow across the tricuspid valve.     

激光辅助孵化对冻融囊胚移植妊娠结局的影响

目的：探讨激光打孔法辅助孵化对复苏周期中囊胚移植妊娠结局的影响。方法收集复苏周期中行囊胚移植患者的568个周期,其中352个周期于冻存囊胚复苏后,行激光打孔辅助孵化后移植（AH 组）,216个复苏周期囊胚移植未行激光打孔辅助孵化（非 AH 组）;分析两组的生化妊娠率、临床妊娠率、种植率、流产率、继续妊娠率、多胎妊娠率及单卵双胎率。结果两组患者的年龄、不孕原因、排卵日内膜厚度、平均移植胚胎数组间差异无统计学意义。AH 组生化妊娠率、临床妊娠率、种植率、继续妊娠率显著高于非 AH组（P <0.05）,流产率显著低于非 AH 组（P <0.05）,多胎妊娠率及单卵双胎率略高于非 AH 组,但差异无统计学意义。结论复苏周期囊胚移植前采用激光打孔辅助孵化可以提高妊娠率,降低流产率。     

猪囊尾蚴“体外孵化”及头节外部形态观察

本文介绍了猪囊尾蚴“体外孵化”的方法。此后,将孵化出的猪肉绦虫“幼虫”制作成整体装片,在光学显微镜下认真观察了其头节的外部形态。     

不同角膜测厚法对LASIK术后中央及旁中央角膜厚度测量值的影响及比较分析

背景 准确的角膜厚度测量对准分子激光角膜屈光手术的术前设计及术后随访非常重要,对屈光欠矫及屈光回退的患者能否行二次激光加强手术更是不可或缺的重要检查. 目的 比较OrbscanⅡ眼前节分析仪（OrbscanⅡ）、非接触角膜内皮显微镜、眼前节光学相干断层扫描仪（AS-OCT）和A型超声角膜测厚仪对准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术（LASIK）术后角膜中央和旁中央厚度测量结果的差异. 方法 收集2011年3-6月在河南省眼科研究所＆河南省立眼科医院接受LASIK手术的患者64例64眼（均纳入右眼）,受检者术前平均等效球镜屈光度为（-4.75±2.38）D,平均水平角膜直径为（11.36±0.32）mm,采用OrbscanⅡ、非接触角膜内皮显微镜、AS-OCT和A型超声角膜测厚仪（超声法）分别测量受检眼的中央角膜厚度（CCT）,同时采用OrbscanⅡ、非接触角膜内皮显微镜、AS-OCT 3种非接触角膜厚度测量法测量距角膜中心3 mm区角膜上方（12：00）、下方（6：00）、鼻上方（2：00）和颞上方（10：00）的旁中央角膜厚度,比较不同角膜测厚仪测量结果的差异,评价检测仪器间测量结果的一致性. 结果 CCT测量结果显示,AS-OCT、A型超声角膜测厚仪、非接触角膜内皮显微镜和OrbsanⅡ的测量值分别为（467.12±31.10）、（466.67±30.99）、（441.84±33.65） μm和（422.51±44.09）μm,总体比较差异有统计学意义（F=23.730,P=0.000）;A型超声角膜测厚仪测得的CCT值明显高于OrbsanⅡ和非接触角膜内皮显微镜的结果,差异均有统计学意义（q=6.940、6.720,均P=0.000）;与OrbscanⅡ测量方法比较,非接触角膜内皮显微镜和AS-OCT测量的CCT值明显较高,差异均有统计学意义（q=-5.540、6.940,均P=0.000）,而AS-OCT测量的CCT值明显高于非接触角膜内皮显微镜的测量值,差异有统计学意义（q=6.800,P=0.000）.Bland-Ahman一致性分析结果显示,A型超声角膜测厚仪与AS-OCT?