保留后韧带结构的椎管成形术治疗腰椎管狭窄症

目的；探讨使椎板开门椎管扩大成形术更完善的方法。方法：设计保留后韧带结构的椎板开门椎管扩大成形术治疗椎管狭窄症107例，结果：术后矢状径平均为1．7cm，平均扩大0．75cm，截面积平均1．86cm^2，平均增加0.91cm^2，随访87例，时间为术后5－8年，疗效评定：优64例，良23例。结论：后韧带结构为坚韧有弹性的骨－韧带条，在维护脊柱稳定的过程中，有无法替代的价值，术式既有后路手术直视减压的优点，又有效地扩大椎管撩状径，增加截面积，术后脊柱较稳定。     

带蒂复合体回植成形术治疗腰椎管狭窄症

为避免椎板切除术后产生腰椎不稳和瘢痕粘连，作者采用带蒂复合体回植成形术治疗严重腰椎狭窄症３６例。方法是把椎板，棘突及其间的韧带作为复合体掀起显露椎管，复合体两侧植骨或劈开棘突后回植成形扩大椎管。随访８个月以上者３３例，优２７例，良５例，差１例。术后腰椎后部结构得到重建，有利于腰椎稳定和正常活动，避免术后硬脊膜外瘢痕粘连。     

保留颈半棘肌肌止的椎板成形术的临床应用

[目的]研究确定行颈椎单开门椎板成形术时完整保留C2颈半棘肌肌止是否能有效维持颈椎术后矢状序列,降低术后颈椎轴性症状的发生。[方法]2002年3月～2003年12月,本院行保留颈半棘肌肌止的椎板成形术48例,其中32例获得至少2a的随访列为试验组,对患者术前、术后的JOA评分、颈椎轴性症状严重程度、颈椎曲度指数、颈椎活动度进行比较评估。[结果]本组患者术前、术后JOA评分分别为(9.0±2.9)和(12.5±3.1),恢复率(44.9±26.9)。手术前、后有明显症状颈椎轴性症状的患者比例分别为46.8%和18.7%,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术前后患者颈屈指数、颈椎活动范围等指标无统计学意义差别。[结论]保留颈半棘肌肌止的椎板成形术可以减少对颈椎后伸机理的破坏,有效维持术后颈椎矢状序列减少轴性症状的发生。     

颈后路单开门椎板成形术后发生C5神经根麻痹的原因分析

目的:分析两种颈后路单开门椎板成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病术后C_5神经根麻痹的发生率和影响因素。方法:对2010年1月至2014年6月因多节段脊髓型颈椎病接受椎管成形术160例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中80例接受4节段(C_3-C_6)椎管成形术(A组),男44例,女36例,平均年龄(68.4±9.2)岁;80例接受3节段(C_4-C_6)椎管成形术(B组),男48例,女32例,平均年龄(66.8±8.9)岁。术前及末次随访时分别记录颈痛VAS评分,上肢痛VAS评分,JOA评分,MR最小脊髓直径,颈椎的Cobb角及活动度。术后观察C_5神经根麻痹的发生率,及C_5神经根麻痹时三角肌肌力,伴随神经症状,恢复时间。结果:所有患者获随访,时间6~15个月,平均(12.4±3.2)个月。手术前后两组患者的颈痛VAS评分、上肢痛VAS评分、JOA评分、MRI最小脊髓直径、颈椎的Cobb角及活动度差异无统计学意义。A组患者中7例(8.75%)发生C_5神经根麻痹,其中4例出现上肢放射痛,3例出现上肢感觉减退;在末次随访时2例残留轻微的上肢放射痛及感觉减退。B组患者中5例(7.5%)发生C_5神经根麻痹,其中3例出现上肢放射痛,2例出现上肢感觉减退,在末次随访时所有患者上肢放射痛及感觉减退均恢复正常。两组C_5神经根麻痹的患者发生率差异无统计学意义。C_5神经根麻痹时三角肌肌力、伴随神经症状、恢复时间A组分别为(2.3±1.0)N、30例(37.5%)、(11.4±1.0)周,B组分别为(2.8±0.8)N、23例(28.8%)、(8.2±0.8)周,三角肌肌力下降两组差异无统计学意义,伴随神经症状及恢复时间A组比B组差。结论:两种术式相比,患者术后出现C_5神经根麻痹的概率相当,但是C_4-C_6单开门椎管成形术患者C_5神经根麻痹症状较轻,恢复较快。     

Degenerative cervical myelopathy: Recent updates and future directions

Advances in patient selection, surgical techniques, and postoperative care have facilitated spine surgeons to manage complex spine cases with shorter operative times, reduced hospital stay and improved outcomes. We focus this article on a few areas which have shown maximum developments in management of degenerative cervical myelopathy and also throw a glimpse into the future ahead. Imaging modalities, surgical decision making, robotics and neuro-navigation, minimally invasive spinal surgery, motion preservation, use of biologics are few of them. Through this review article, we hope to provide the readers with an insight into the present state of art in cervical myelopathy and what the future has in store for us.     

C3-7单开门椎管扩大成形术后颈椎矢状位序列的变化及其与颈椎功能的相关性

目的:探究颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术后全颈椎矢状位序列的变化,探讨颈椎矢状位序列变化的意义及其与患者颈椎功能状态的关系。方法:回顾性分析我院2015年1月～2018年7月收治的脊髓型颈椎病患者164例,其中男性95例,女性69例,年龄64.8±18.3(48～86)岁。随访时间22.7±11.3(9～46)个月。所有患者均行C3-7后路单开门椎管扩大成形术。在患者术前和末次随访的颈椎侧位X线片上测量颈椎矢状位序列参数:C1-2 Cobb角、C2-7 Cobb角、颈椎弧弦距(cervical arc chord distance,CACD)、颈倾角(cervical tilting,CERT)、颅倾角(cranial tilting,CRAT)、颈总角(cervical global alignment,CGA)、T1倾斜角(thoracic 1 slope,T1S),C7倾斜角(C7 slope,C7S)和C2-7矢状垂线轴(C2-7 sagittal vertical axis,SVA)。记录入组患者术前及末次随访时颈痛视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)及改良日本骨科协会评分(modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association,mJOA)评分,采用配对样本t检验比较手术前后各参数的变化,Pearson相关性分析颈椎矢状位序列参数变化之间的相关性及与颈椎功能状态评分(颈痛VAS、mJOA评分)的相关性。结果:颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术后T1S较术前减小1.25°±3.34°(21.38°±7.54°vs 20.13°±7.16°,P=0.004),C7S较术前减小0.44°±4.23°(28.05°±7.72°vs 27.61°±7.81°,P=0.012),C2-7 Cobb角较术前减小5.51°±6.88°(15.92°±12.57°vs10.40°±10.93°,P0.001),CACD较术前减小1.50±3.92mm (6.94±5.69mm vs 5.44±5.52mm,P=0.003),CERT较术前减小2.23°±5.27°(13.45°±6.37°vs 11.22°±6.78°,P=0.001),C2-7 SVA较术前增大3.35±9.90mm (18.20±9.05mm vs 21.55±10.65mm,P=0.009),C1-2 Cobb角较术前增大2.06°±5.09°(39.56°±0.46°vs 41.62°±0.70°,P=0.002)。末次随访VAS(1.52±1.47分)显著高于术前(1.02±1.12分,P=0.007)。Pearson相关性分析显示C2-7SVA、CACD、CGA、C2-7 Cobb角、C1-2 Cobb角、CERT、CRAT的变化相互之间有显著统计相关性(P0.05)。手术前后VAS的变化与C2-7 SVA (r=0.462,P0.001)、C1-2 Cobb角(r=0.362,P0.01)及CRAT (r=0.323,P0.01)的变化呈正相关,与CGA(r=-0.316,P0.01)及CACD变化(r=-0.344,P0.01)呈负相关,mJOA评分手术前后的变化与C2-7 SVA(r=0.273,P0.05)及C1-2 Cobb角(r=0.298,P0.05)的变化呈正相关。结论:C3-7单开门椎管扩大成形术后出现下颈椎生理曲度变直,头部重心位置前移,上颈椎及颈胸段脊柱过伸。C3-7单开门椎管扩大成形术后轴性症状加重与颈椎矢状位序列的变化有关。     

Laminoplasty versus conservative treatment for acute cervical spinal cord injury caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament after minor trauma

Background contextNo reports to date have accurately evaluated the management for acute spinal cord injury (SCI) caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) after minor trauma.PurposeTo assess whether outcomes of laminoplasty is better than conservative treatment.Study design/settingA retrospective study.Patient sampleThirty-one patients underwent surgery (L group) and 29 patients underwent conservative treatment (C group).Outcome measuresDisability, muscle strength, sensation, and general health status.MethodsPatients were managed according to routine clinical practice and the results between groups were compared. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed at admission, discharge, 6 months and at the final visit. Causes for trauma, duration of hospital stay, and complication were also evaluated.ResultsCauses for trauma included falling, traffic accidents and sports. Mixed and segmental types were the most frequent cause of OPLL resulting into SCI. Duration of hospital stay and complications were less in the L group. Motor and sensory scores increased in the L group at discharge (p<.05) and at 6 months (p<.05), and maintained thereafter (p>.05); scores improved significantly in the C group at 6 months (p<.05), with a slight deterioration with time (p>.05); scores in the L group were higher than in the C group at each time point after surgery (p<.05). Bodily pain and mental health in SF-36 improved at discharge in the L group (p<.05); all scores improved at 6 months in both the groups (p<.05), with better improvements in the L group (p<.05). The canal diameter increased and occupation ratio decreased in the L group (p<.05), and maintained thereafter (p<.05); a slight increase of occupation ratio was observed in the C group (p>.05). Lordotic angle and range of motion were maintained in both the groups, with no significance between groups (p>.05). High-signal intensity decreased at 6 months (p<.05) in the L group; no significant change was found in the C group during the follow-up (p>.05); Significant difference was detected between the groups at 6 months and at the final visit (p<.05).ConclusionsMost of the OPLL patients displayed as incomplete SCI after minor trauma. Although spontaneous improvement of SCI without surgery is often observed, laminoplasty has more satisfactory outcomes, prevents late compression of cord, and reduces perioperative complications, although with no significant benefit in cervical alignment and range of motion.     

Midline-Splitting Open Door Laminoplasty Using Hydroxyapatite Spacers : Comparison between Two Different Shaped Spacers

Objective

Although hydroxyapatite (HA) spacer has been used for laminoplasty, there have been no reports on factors associated with fusion and on the effects of HA shape.

Methods

During January 2004 and January 2010, 45 patients with compressive cervical myelopathy underwent midline-splitting open door laminoplasty with winged (33 cases) and wingless (12 cases) HAs by a single surgeon. Minimal and mean follow up times were 12 and 28.1 months, respectively. Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score was used for clinical outcome measurement. Cervical X-rays were taken preoperatively, immediately post-operatively, and after 3, 6, and 12 months and computed tomography scans were performed preoperatively, immediately post-operatively and after 12 months. Cervical lordosis, canal dimension, fusion between lamina and HA, and affecting factors of fusion were analyzed.

Results

All surgeries were performed on 142 levels, 99 in the winged and 43 in the wingless HA groups. JOA scores of the winged group changed from 10.4±2.94 to 13.3±2.35 and scores of the wingless group changed from 10.8±2.87 to 13.8±3.05. There was no significant difference on lordotic and canal dimensional change between two groups. Post-operative 12 month fusion rate between lamina and HA was significantly lower in the winged group (18.2 vs. 48.8% p=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, male gender, and wingless type HA were significantly associated with fusion.

Conclusion

Clinical outcome was similar in patients receiving winged and wingless HA, but the wingless type was associated with a higher rate of fusion between HA and lamina at 12 months post-operatively.     

改良颈椎手术在治疗脊髓型颈椎病中的价值

目的 探讨改良颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术在脊髓型颈椎病伴颈椎管狭窄患者中的应用价值及安全性。方法 选取我院收治的脊髓型颈椎病伴颈椎管狭窄患者35例,采用改良颈椎后路椎管扩大成形术治疗,比较术前和术后的JOA评分以评估临床疗效。结果 术后JOA评分较术前明显增加,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 改良颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术在治疗脊髓型颈椎病伴颈椎管狭窄方面疗效确切,安全性高。     

“锚定法”椎板固定应用于颈椎椎板成形椎管扩大术的临床研究

目的评价＂锚定法＂椎板固定应用于颈椎椎板成形椎管扩大术的临床疗效。方法应用＂锚定法＂椎板固定于18例患者的颈椎椎板成形椎管扩大术。结果 18例均进行随访,时间12个月～38个月,平均23个月。术前JOA评分7.9分,40分法评分14.8分,术后平均JOA评分15.2分,40分法评分34.7分,复查未见螺钉松动和关门现象,2例轻度颈痛、僵硬和活动受限。结论 ＂锚定法＂椎板固定应用于颈椎椎板成形椎管扩大术较传统手术更好的维持手术效果,保持椎板在开门状态,且手术操作不明显增加手术难度,安全方便,有利于减少术后颈部僵硬疼痛现象。