后路椎板成形并突出髓核摘除治疗颈椎管狭窄并颈椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨单开门后路减压并突出髓核摘除治疗颈椎管狭窄并颈椎间盘突出症的疗效.方法 1999年8月至2008年8月,采用后路单开门减压并突出髓核摘除治疗19例颈椎管狭窄并颈椎间盘突出症患者,18例获得平均46个月(3-108个月)的随访,观察比较手术前后神经功能(JOA评分)的变化情况.结果 18例患者术后JOA评分(14.22±1.86)分,与术前(6.72±2.42)分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),术后神经功能平均改善77%.结论 后路单开门减压并突出髓核摘除治疗颈椎管狭窄并颈椎间盘突出症安全可靠.     

应用张力带式椎板成形术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化

目的 评价应用张力带式椎板成形术(TBL)治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化(OPLL)的疗效.方法 本组病例包括颈椎后纵韧带骨化46例,男33例,女13例,平均年龄59岁(36～77岁).韧带骨化范围在C2-6,包括单节段型4例,连续型20例和混合型22例.全部病例均接受C2-7,TBL,受累节段涉及C3或以上者,同时接受寰椎后弓切除术.神经功能疗效评估采用日本骨科学会的颈椎病评分标准(JOA).解剖学疗效分析是利用计算机对手术前后X线片及MRI进行测量.结果 术后42例(91.3%)患者神经功能得到改善,影像学分析显示术后硬膜囊、脊髓中矢径增加和脊髓后移.结论 TBL手术是治疗颈椎OPLL的一种有效方法.     

Clinical outcomes following cervical laminoplasty for 204 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Wang MY, Shah S, Green BA. Clinical outcomes following cervical laminoplasty for 204 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Background

Laminoplasty is a well-recognized technique for decompressing the cervical spine in cases of spondylotic myelopathy and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. This technique, originally popularized in Asia, is becoming more widespread, but to date there have been few reports of clinical series from North American centers.

Methods

Retrospectively we reviewed (1986-2001) 204 cases of open door laminoplasty. All patients presented with symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings consistent with myelopathy secondary to multisegmental cervical stenosis with spondylosis and underwent decompression from C3 to C7. Improvement in myelopathy was assessed with the Nurick Score.

Results

Average age was 63 years (range 36 to 92). Follow-up averaged 16 months. Postoperatively, Nurick scores improved by 1 point in 78 patients, 2 points in 37 patients, 3 points in 7 patients, and 4 points in 5 patients; 74 patients experienced no improvement, and 3 patients deteriorated by one point. There was no statistical difference in myelopathy outcomes when comparing patients older and younger than 75 years of age. In two patients there was radiographic progression of kyphosis, but in no case was subsequent fusion required. Six patients without neck pain preoperatively developed new intractable neck pain after surgery.

Conclusions

Open door expansile laminoplasty is a safe and effective method for treating cervical spondolytic myelopathy. Laminoplasty is thus an alternative to anterior surgery that can be accomplished quickly with minimal blood loss, minimizing risks in elderly patients.     

颈后路单开门椎管扩大术治疗颈椎管狭窄症的研究现状与进展

颈椎管狭窄症(cervical spinal stenosis,CSS)是中老年人较为常见的疾病,多由发育性颈椎管狭窄、退变性颈椎管狭窄、多节段颈椎间盘突出、颈椎后纵韧带骨化等因素造成,手术方式包括前路手术、后路手术和前后路同期或分期手术,但对于多节段CSS后路手术仍为首选,颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术就是其中经典手术之一,然而其术后相关的并发症也逐渐引起骨科医生的关注,本文参考国内外研究文献拟从手术减压机制、椎板固定方式、椎板开门方式与术后疗效的关系和术后并发症四个方面对颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎管狭窄症的研究现状与进展作一综述,为临床实践提供参考,并对其前景作一展望。     

Cervical Transdural Discectomy with Laminoplasty for the Treatment of Multi‐segment Cervical Spinal Stenosis Accompanied with Cervical Disc Herniation: Technical Note and Clinical Outcome

ObjectiveTo describe the surgical technique of cervical transdural discectomy with laminoplasty (CTDL) for the treatment of multi‐segment cervical spinal stenosis (CSS) accompanied with cervical disc herniation (CDH) and investigate its surgical outcomes and complications.MethodsThis was a clinical study. Between 2012 and 2018, 31 patients (13 males and 18 females) with multi‐segment CSS (over two cervical segments) accompanied with huge CDH and underwent CTDL were enrolled in this study. The details of CTDL technique with general anesthesia was described by the authors. The average follow‐up period of patients was 65.03 months (range from 24 to 126 months). Perioperative parameters such as age, sex, operative level, operative time, estimated blood loss, ambulation time, and operative complications were recorded. The results of clinical metrics such as the visual analog scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores in the preoperative and during the follow‐up period were obtained and used to evaluate clinical outcomes. Radiographic improvement was evaluated by the compression ratio, sagittal maximum spinal cord compression (SMSCC), and cervical range of motion (ROM). The preoperative and postoperative follow‐up parameters (VAS, JOA, Compression ratio, SMSCC, and ROM) were assessed with paired t test. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsIn the study, the mean age of the 31 patients was 55.23 ± 10.97 years. The mean operative time was 192.45 ± 24.17 min (ranging from 150 to 245 min), and intraoperative blood loss was 322.58 ± 129.00 mL (ranging from 150 to 600 mL). The VAS neck pain was improved significantly over the follow‐up period (P < 0.05, respectively). The VAS arm pain improved significantly from 6.26 ± 0.93 preoperatively to 1.74 ± 0.63 at 24 months postoperatively (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in improvement of VAS arm pain between 24 months postoperatively and final follow‐up (P = 0.180). Compared with preoperative JOA score, JOA score was significantly improved at 24 months postoperatively (14.79 ± 1.84 vs 9.66 ± 2.81, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, there were no statistically significant differences between the final follow‐up and the postoperative JOA scores (15.08 ± 1.71 vs 14.79 ± 1.84, P = 0.051). Postoperative patients showed significantly higher index of compression ratio (58.30 ± 8.51 vs 27.17 ± 3.89, P < 0.001) and lower SMSCC (25.12 ± 5.67 vs 33.66 ± 5.38, P < 0.001). In addition, there was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative cervical ROM (P = 0.740). One patient observed postoperative symptom of C₆ nerve root injury, which was resolved within 24 months after the surgery; meanwhile, the neurological monitoring also reflected the intraoperative stretching of the C₆ nerve root. Two cases involved postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage which may have been related to laceration of dura mater.ConclusionsThis study suggested that CTDL technique could acquire satisfactory surgical outcomes for patients with multi‐segment CSS accompanied with CDH, but the surgical indications of the patients need to be selected strictly.     

伊藤法"单开门"颈椎椎管扩大椎板成形术及其临床应用

目的：总结伊藤法“单开门”颈椎椎管扩大椎板成形术的临床应用效果。方法：对123例发育性颈椎管狭窄症、连续性颈椎后纵韧带骨化（OPLL）及多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者行伊藤法“单开门”颈椎椎管扩大椎板成形术，于开门侧将植骨块通过钢丝或尼龙线固定于掀起的椎板和小关节间。87例患者随访2～14年，平均5.3年。结果：术前JOA评分平均9.1分，随访时JOA评分平均14.4分，改善率平均为67.0%，其中优44例（50.6%，良26例（29.9%），可11例（12.6%），差6例（6.9%）。术后侧位X线片示椎管直径扩大1.5～7.0mm，平均4.1mm，椎管扩大率为15%～100%,平均40%，术后CT示植骨愈合良好，无再关门现象，MRI示脊髓受压解除。并发症包括轴性症状（颈部疼痛或僵硬57例次），神经根麻痹（4例次）及颈部活动受限（旋转、过伸、屈曲或侧屈受限115例次）等。结论：伊藤法“单开门”颈椎椎管扩大椎板成形术是治疗发育性颈椎管狭窄症、连续性颈椎后纵韧带骨化（OPLL）及多节段脊髓型颈椎病安全有效的手术方法，椎管扩大稳定持久，但其并发症有待于进一步解决。     

单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效分析

目的　评价后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效及影响因素。方法　对 4 7例脊髓型颈椎病行单开门椎管成型术 ,平均随访时间 39 2个月 ,手术前后应用JOA评分法 ,对脊髓功能的改善情况进行对比分析。结果　病程小于 6个月者 2、 3年改善率分别为 6 8 0 6 %、 6 9 2 1 % ;病程超过 6个月者 2、 3年改善率分别为 6 1 80 %、 6 2 4 3%。术后 2年的改善率与术前JOA评分呈负相关性 (r=- 0 30 )。结论　单开门椎管扩大成形术后疗效肯定 ,术后缓解率同病程长短以及术前脊髓功能受损程度有关 ,脊髓功能恢复在 2年时基本稳定     

多节段脊髓型颈椎病前后不同手术入路的比较分析

目的 探讨多节段脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)前后路不同术式的手术效果及各自的优缺点.方法 回顾109例多节段CSM资料,前路组67例行分节段减压,钢板固定+(MC+(R))固定,后路组42例行单开门、颈椎管扩大成形(ARCH)微型钛板固定.比较两组的手术时间、失血量、手术前后JOA评分及远期轴性颈椎痛的发生率.结果 平均随访32个月,手术时间前路组(127.01±33.44) min,后路组(118.61±22.28) min,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术中失血量前路组(316.42±150.35)ml,后路组(676.60±300.15)ml,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);JOA评分前路组术前(9.34+2.03)分,术后(14.08±2.26)分,差异有统计学意义;后路组术前(9.17±2.03)分,术后(13.86+1.71)分,差异有统计学意义;两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);长期随访轴性颈椎痛前路组7例,后路组14例,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 通过对多节段CSM前后不同入路的分析,认为对多数患者应采用前路手术效果更加理想,远期随访轴性颈椎痛的发生率前路明显少于后路组,前路手术还可以减少C5神经根麻痹的发生.     

Combined Open Door Laminoplasty with Unilateral Screw Fixation for Unstable Multi-Level Cervical Stenosis : A Preliminary Report

ObjectiveThe authors reviewed their experiences of combined surgery (open door laminoplasty with unilateral screw fixation) for unstable multi-level cervical stenosis, to clarify the situation regarding the surgical approach most appropriate for the treatment of diffuse unstable multi-level cervical stenosis.MethodsFrom January 2011 to January 2012, combined surgery was performed for unstable multi-level cervical stenosis by one surgeon at our institution. The subjects of this study were 6 men of mean age 53.7 years (range, 48-71) with a mean follow-up of 9.3 (range, 3-14) months. All imaging studies showed severe multi-level cervical stenosis with spinal cord signal change, and instability or kyphotic deformity. A retrospective review of clinical, radiological, and surgical data was conducted.ResultsAverage laminoplasty level was 4.8 and the average screw fixation level was 5.0. Japanese Orthopedic Association score improved from an average of 5.2 to 11.2 points. According to Nurick''s grades and Odom''s criteria, symptom improvement was statistically significant. On the other hand, Cobb''s angle changes were not significant. Average operation time was 5.86 hours with an average blood loss of 460 mL. No significant surgical complication was encountered.ConclusionDespite the small cohort and the short follow-up duration, the present study demonstrates that laminoplasty with unilateral screw fixation is a safe and effective treatment for unstable multi-level cervical stenosis.     

微型钛钉-钛板固定行颈椎管扩大成形术的初步临床报告

目的：探讨微型螺钉-钛板固定行颈椎管扩大成形术的可行性,报告其临床应用的初步效果.方法：利用微型钛钉-钛板固定方法行颈椎后路单开门手术治疗颈椎病22例,手术减压节段包括C3～C7 5个节段20例,C2～C7 6个节段2例,手术方式均采用单开门,椎板抬起（开门）后,剪取合适大小及形状的钛板,利用微型钛钉将其分别固定在抬起的椎板及侧块上.结果：术中及术后均未见因钛板及钛钉置入引起的脊髓、神经根及血管损伤.随访3～18个月,手术后3个月时JOA评分从术前的9.3分提高到13.5分.随访期间未见钛板及钛钉脱落移位;14例患者术后行CT检查,未见椎板塌陷或再关门现象,门轴侧椎板切除及骨折处骨质再生融合13例,1例术后3个月时尚未完全融合,但骨质已经开始生长.结论：在颈椎管扩大成形手术中,利用微型钛钉-钛板固定是一种简单、可靠、安全、有效的方法,在抬起的椎板获得即刻稳定的同时,可以恢复椎管的完整性.