羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷应用于MSCS后路手术的护理配合效果

目的探讨62例采用羟基磷灰石陶瓷应用于MSCS后路手术患者的手术护理配合方法及效果。方法实施颈椎后路棘突纵切双开门椎管扩大成形术治疗MSCS62例,均采用羟基磷灰石人工骨。根据手术步骤制定合理的护理措施,术前、术中进行有效护理配合,62例患者术后随访3个月。结果 62例采用羟基磷灰石人工骨组术中出血量130～400ml,平均210ml。除3例有羟基磷灰石碎裂外,未发生材料宿主反应及其他严重并发症。结论羟基磷灰石人工骨用于治疗MSCS后路手术的效果好,并发症少;手术用时及出血量少;术中护理配合简便,容易掌握操作要点。     

Is extensive cervical laminoplasty an effective treatment for spinal cord sarcoidosis combined with cervical spondylosis?

Patients with neurosarcoidosis are usually initially treated with steroid administration even when they have concomitant cord compression on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Operative intervention may be indicated in patients with spinal cord sarcoidosis requiring either tissue biopsy for diagnosis or associated with progressive neurologic symptoms. However, there have been no previous reports describing clinical outcomes of laminoplasty for spinal cord sarcoidosis. The objectives of this study are to investigate whether extensive cervical laminoplasty is an effective treatment for spinal cord sarcoidosis combined with spondylotic changes and/or cervical spinal canal stenosis. Open-door laminoplasty was performed in three patients with spinal cord sarcoidosis. All patients received intensive corticosteroid therapy after the operation MRI imaging was performed in all patients before and after the operation. Operative outcomes were not satisfactory and the clinical courses of the patients fluctuated after corticosteroid therapy. Daily life activities were not significantly improved after treatments in any of the three patients, and in the long-term follow-up period the clinical course of one patient was one of inexorable deterioration to a state of quadriplegia. The possibility of spinal cord sarcoidosis should be included in the differential diagnosis, when a distinct high signal intensity area is observed within the spinal cord on T2-weighted MR images in patients with spondylotic changes. Laminoplasty is not an effective intervention for the treatment of spinal cord sarcoidosis even when patients have spondylotic changes and/or a constitutionally narrowing cervical spinal canal. Patients with neurosarcoidosis should be treated first with steroid administration even when they have concomitant cord compression on MRI.     

Minimum 2-year outcome of cervical laminoplasty with deep extensor muscle-preserving approach: impact on cervical spine function and quality of life

In this retrospective cohort study, two surgical methods of conventional open-door laminoplasty and deep extensor muscle-preserving laminoplasty were allocated for the treatment of cervical myelopathy, and were specifically compared in terms of axial pain, cervical spine function, and quality of life (QOL) with a minimum follow-up period of 2 years. Eighty-four patients were divided into two groups and received either a conventional open-door laminoplasty (CL group) or laminoplasty using a deep extensor muscle-preserving approach (MP group). The latter approach was performed by preserving multifidus and semispinalis cervicis attachments followed by open-door laminoplasty and re-suture of the bisected spinous processes at each decompression level. The average follow-up period was 38 months (25–53 months). The preoperative and follow-up evaluations included the original Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, the new tentative JOA score including cervical spine function and QOL, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) of axial pain. Radiological analyses included cervical lordosis and flexion–extension range of motion (flex–ext ROM) (C2–7), and deep extensor muscle areas on MR axial images. The JOA recovery rates were statistically equivalent between two groups. The MP group demonstrated a statistically superior cervical spine function (84% vs 63%) and QOL (61% vs 45%) when compared to the CL group at final follow-up (P < 0.05). The average VAS scores at final follow-up were 2.3 and 4.9 in MP and CL groups (P < 0.05). The cervical lordosis and flex–ext ROM were statistically equivalent. The percent deep muscle area on MRI demonstrated a significant atrophy in CL group compared to that in MP group (56% vs 88%; P < 0.01). Laminoplasty employing the deep extensor muscle-preserving approach appeared to be effective in reducing the axial pain and deep muscle atrophy as well as improving cervical spine function and QOL when compared to conventional open-door laminoplasty.     

Centerpiece钢板应用于颈椎后路单开门椎板成形术的临床效果观察

目的观察探讨Centerpiece钢板应用于颈椎后路单开门椎板成形术的临床疗效。方法回顾性纳入78例2009年9月~2011年3月手术治疗的颈椎单开门椎板成形Centerpiece内固定术患者,其中男性65人,女性13人,平均年龄60岁﹙35~81岁﹚。采用JOA评分评价患者术前术后神经功能,在颈椎X线侧位片上测量椎管失状径并计算相应Pavlov值,术前术后CT上测量椎管横截面积、开门角度。结果手术时间136±34min,手术出血量266±156ml,平均随访时间23﹙14~34﹚月。术前椎管失状径、Pavlov值、最狭窄平面横截面积、JOA评分分别为9.7±2.0mm、0.47±0.12、135±30 mm2、7.5±3.4,术后末次随访分别为20.1±3.1mm、0.89±0.15、275±44mm2、12.7±4.1,与术前比较均有统计学意义﹙<0.05﹚,且术后2年随访观察无明显变化。术后神经功能缓解率为﹙60±29﹚%,开门角度31.7±6.4°。结论Centerpiece钢板应用于颈椎后路椎板成形术的椎板固定,无螺钉松动和钢板断裂,有效维持了椎板的开门状态,防止再关门的发生;术后神经功能恢复良好,临床效果佳。     

保留单侧肌肉韧带复合体单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症对颈后肌群的影响

目的 :探讨颈后路保留一侧肌肉韧带复合体单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症对颈后肌群形态及组成的影响。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月～2017年8月在我院诊断为后纵韧带骨化症,并接受颈后路C3-7保留一侧肌肉韧带复合体单开门椎管扩大成形术的患者,收集患者年龄、性别、体重指数、颈椎曲度、活动度、颈部功能评分等临床指标及术后24个月相应临床指标,并在MRI上测量术前、术后24个月颈后部肌肉形态及组成。应用t检验,对比手术前、后颈后部肌群形态、成分变化。结果:16例患者入组,其中男性9例,女性7例,平均年龄52.94±7.07岁,其中局灶型后纵韧带骨化症6例,节段型5例,连续型5例。患者接受单开门椎管扩大成形术,术后患者颈椎曲度及椎间隙高度无显著变化,患者术前颈椎活动度平均40.33°±12.03°,术后为27.09°±11.09°,有显著差异(P<0.05)。对比手术前后,C3/4节段椎旁肌功能截面积(FCSA)及脂肪浸润(FI)存在显著差异(P<0.05),头夹肌FI存在显著差异(P<0.05)。C4/5及C5/6节段椎旁肌及头夹肌FCSA及FI均存在显著差异(...     

Clinical Outcomes of Open-Door Laminoplasty Combined with Bilateral Lateral Mass Screw Fixation for Multi-Level Cervical Spinal Stenosis with Traumatic Cervical Instability and Spinal Cord Injury: A Retrospective Study

Objectives

The prevalence of multi-level cervical spinal stenosis complicated with traumatic cervical instability and spinal cord injury (MCSS-TCISCI) is low, and the optimal surgical approach remains unclear. Open-door laminoplasty combined with bilateral lateral mass screw fixation (ODL-BLMSF) is a relatively new surgical technique; however, its clinical effectiveness in managing MCSS-TCISCI has not been well-established. This study aims to assess the clinical value of ODL-BLMSF against MCSS-TCISCI.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 20 cases of MCSS-TCISCI treated with ODL-BLMSF from July 2016 to June 2020. Radiographic alterations of all included patients were measured using plain radiographs, CT scans, and MRI scans. Cervical lordosis was evaluated using C2-C7 Cobb angle and cervical curvature index (CCI) on lateral radiographs, and Pavlov ratio at the C5 level. Neurological functional recovery was assessed using Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores and Nurick grade, while neck and axial symptoms were assessed using the neck disability index (NDI) and the visual analog scale (VAS). The paired t-test was utilized for statistical analysis.

Results

All included patients were followed up for an average period of 26.5 months (range: 24–30 months) after ODL-BLMSF. The average Pavlov ratio at the C5 level significantly improved from 0.57 ± 0.1 preoperatively to 1.13 ± 0.1 and 1.12 ± 0.04 at 6 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up (t = 16.347, 16.536, p < 0.001). Importantly, this approach significantly increased the JOA score from 5.0 ± 2.6 before surgery to 11.65 ± 4.3 and 12.1 ± 4.3 at 6 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up (t = 9.6, −9.600, p < 0.001), with an average JOA recovery rate of 59.1%; and the average Nurick disability score decreased from 3.0 ± 1.3 (preoperative) to 1.65 ± 1.22 and 1.5 ± 1.2 (6 months postoperatively and at last follow-up) (t = 5.111, 1.831, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the NDI score decreased from 30.3 ± 4.3 preoperatively to 13.2 ± 9.2 at 6 months (t = 12.305, p < 0.001), and to 12.45 ± 8.6 at the final follow-up (t = 13.968, p < 0.001), while the VAS score decreased from 4.0 ± 1.5 preoperatively to 1.5 ± 0.7 at 6 months (t = 9.575, p < 0.001), and to 1.15 ± 0.7 at the final follow-up (t = 10.356, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

ODL-BLMSF can effectively dilate the stenotic spinal canal to decompress the spinal cord, maintain good cervical alignment and stability, and improve the recovery of neurological function and neck function. This technique is suitable for treating selected cases of MCSS-TCISCI.     

Risk Factors for Delayed Hinge Fracture after Plate-Augmented Cervical Open-Door Laminoplasty

ObjectiveDelayed hinge fracture (HF) that develops after cervical open door laminoplasty can be a source of postoperative complications such as axial pain. However, risk factors related to this complication remain unclear. We performed a retrospective clinical series to determine risk factors for delayed HF following plate-only open-door cervical laminoplasty.MethodsPatients who underwent plate-only open-door laminoplasty and had available postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans (80 patients with 270 laminae) were enrolled. Hinge status, hinge gutter location, open location, hinge width, number of screws used, operation level, and open angle were observed in the CT to determine radiographic outcome. Demographic data were collected as well. Radiographic and clinical parameters were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors for HF.ResultsUnivariate logistic regression analysis results indicated poor initial hinge status, medially placed hinge gutter, double screw fixation on the elevated lamina, upper surgical level, and wide open angle as predictors for HF (p<0.05). Initial hinge status seemed to be the most powerful risk factor for HF (p=0.000) and thus was collinear with other variables. Therefore, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed excluding initial hinge status, and the results indicated that medially placed hinge gutter, double screw fixation on the elevated lamina, and upper surgical level were risk factors for HF after adjustment for other confounding factors.ConclusionTo prevent HF and to draw a successful postoperative outcome after cervical laminoplasty, surgical and clinical precautions should be considered.     

Importance of preserving the C7 spinous process and attached nuchal ligament in French-door laminoplasty to reduce postoperative axial symptoms

A comparative clinical trial was conducted to clarify the importance of preserving the C7 spinous process and attached nuchal ligament for the reduction of the axial symptoms after French-door laminoplasty in cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients. Forty-one cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients were enrolled. French-door laminoplasty from C3 to C7 in 22 patients (group 1), and from C3 to C6 in 19 patients (group 2) was performed. The whole structure of the C7 spinous process and the attached nuchal ligament were preserved in group 2. The pre- and post-operative evaluation regarding severity of clinical symptoms was assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. Pre-operative and subjective outcome regarding axial symptoms were also assessed using a visual analog pain scale questionnaire (VAS: 10-0, where a higher score indicates greater pain) at 1- and 2-year follow-up. Non-parametric testing (Mann-Whitney's U test) was used to establish differences between the two groups for categorical data (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in pre- and post-operative JOA score. The mean VAS was 5.6 +/- 1.4 in group 1, 5.4 +/- 1.7 in group 2 pre-operatively, and 6.4 +/- 1.7 in group 1 and 2.4 +/- 1.9 in group 2 at 1-year follow-up. The mean VAS score at 2-year follow-up exhibited 6.2 +/- 1.9 in Group 1, 2.3 +/- 1.8 in group 2. There was no significant difference in VAS between the two groups before surgery (P = 0.506), but significant differences were noticed at 1-year and 2-year follow-up (P < 0.05), indicating the presence of significantly fewer post-operative axial symptoms in group 2. Laminoplasty of the entire C7 structure is not necessary to obtain satisfactory recovery based on JOA score. Preservation of the C7 spinous process and the attached nuchal ligamentous structures is important to reduce post-laminoplasty axial symptoms.     

The transverse placement laminoplasty using titanium miniplates for the reconstruction of the laminae in thoracic and lumbar lesion

Laminoplasty for thoracic and lumbar spine surgery enables surgeons to preserve the posterior arch of the spine while preventing invasion of hematoma and scar tissue, postoperative instability, subluxation, and kyphotic deformities. The authors have developed a new surgical technique: namely, transverse placement laminoplasty (TPL) using titanium miniplates. Eight patients and 18 laminae underwent TPL using a titanium mini-plate. The preoperative diagnoses were six intradural tumors, one ossification of a yellow ligament and one spontaneous spinal cord herniation. The mean blood loss was 219 g and the mean duration of surgery was 3 h and 54 min. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 2 years and 1 month. All eight patients started to sit with a soft brace within the second postoperative day, and were able to walk within the fifth postoperative day. There were no cases of spinal deformity, an invasion of hematoma or scar tissue into the spinal canal on magnetic resonance imaging, or back pain. TPL simultaneously enables surgeons to obtain sufficient field of vision and rigid early fixation of the reduced lamina at the time of surgery. Moreover, our novel technique also simplifies the postoperative treatment, while preserving the posterior arch of the spine, and also preventing an invasion of a hematoma and scar tissue, postoperative instability, subluxation, and kyphotic deformities.     

改良颈椎板"双开门"扩大成形术治疗颈椎管狭窄症

目的观察改良颈椎板双开门扩大成形术治疗颈椎管狭窄的疗效.方法 8例发育性和24例混合性颈椎管狭窄症患者,按JOA的标准,严重(0～4分)10例,重度(5～8分)18例,中度(9～12分)4例,采用颈椎板双开门,中央嵌入同种脱钙骨基质,粗丝线固定,行椎管扩大成形术,术后用石膏领外固定3个月.术后3～6个月复查SEP、X线平片、MRI及临床变化,随访时间1～11年,平均4.3年,3例失访.结果 SEP均有不同程度改善,植入骨基质钙化融合良好,椎管中矢状径扩大4～6 mm.随访29例,按JOA的标准,严重者9例,术后优8例(88.9%)、良1例(11.1%);重度16例,术后优10例(62.5%)、良5例(31.25%)、不变1例(6.25%);中度4例,术后优2例(50%)、良1例(25%)、不变1例(25%).全组总有效率93.1%.结论该手术方式对颈椎管狭窄症有良好的疗效.