用ROC曲线评价肿瘤标志物LDH在急性白血病早期诊断中的临床价值

目的 探讨肿瘤标志物乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）在急性白血病早期诊断中的临床价值。方法 应用受试者工作特性曲线（ROC曲线）及其曲线下面积（AUC）抛物线估算法（以金标准计算准确度和敏感度），对51例急性白血病的早期患者及部分经治疗后缓解的患者、61例非急性白血病患者、61例健康体检者进行了LDH的检测及分析。结果 AUC为0．954，其可信区间为0．935－0．973，其下限0．935远离0．5，经治疗缓解的白血病患者LDH检验结果与治疗前数据经t检验证实＜0．0001。结论 LDH对急性白血病的早期诊断以及治疗效果与预后的评估均有着重要及较好的临床价值。     

镉对大鼠肾脏和睾丸毒性的比较

大鼠饮水中给镉12wk后,检测了尿低分子蛋白(LMWP)排出量。尿碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,血清睾酮水平,睾丸乳酸脱氢酶同功酶(LDH-X)活性,精子计数和形态,雄鼠生育力,肾,睾丸和附睾组织镉含量,并在光镜和电镜下观察上述组织的病理变化,从生化,形态和功能改变三方面比较了大鼠肾脏和睾丸对镉的敏感性,发现尿LMWP和ALP仅在高剂量组显著增加,而血清睾酮和睾丸LDH-X在中剂量纽和低剂量纽已明显降低,说明镉对睾丸的有害作用可出现在肾脏之前。     

Protection of melatonin against damage of sperm mito-chondrial function induced by reactive oxygen species

Aim: To study the mitochondrial function damage of sperm in-duced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the protection of melatonin (MLT) against the damage. Methods: Normal function spermatozoa were selected from semen samples by Percoll gradi-ent centrifugation technique. The ROS generated by the hypoxan-thine xanthine oxidase system was incubated with the normal sper-matozoa in the presence or absence of MLT (6 retool/L) for 30 and 60 minutes.     

Histochemical study of mitochondrial enzymes in cerebellar cortex of macular mutant mouse,a model of Menkes kinky hair disease

The cerebellar Purkinje cells in the hemizygote of the macular mutant mouse contain numerous abnormal mitochondria which show a marked decrease in cytochrome c oxidase activity. Using histochemical methods we studied the activity of other mitochondrial enzymes, such as NADH diaphorase and succinic dehydrogenase, in the cerebellar cortex of this mutant mouse. Such activities were markedly increased in the Purkinje cells, especially in the soma and stem dendrite, from 10 days after birth in the hemizygote as compared with findings in normal littermates. These results were considered to be due to an increased number of abnormal mitochondria.Supported by the Research Grants nos. 2A-5-03 and 3B-1-04 for Nervous and Mental Disorders from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and by Grant no. 04670492 of the Ministry of Education of Japanese Government     

Reduced 293T cell susceptibility to acrolein due to aldose reductase-like-1 protein expression.

Acrolein is a highly reactive alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde produced endogenously during lipid peroxidation and naturally distributed pervasively in living environments, posing serious threats to human health if not properly metabolized. In this study, we report aldose reductase-like-1 (ARL-1) as a novel enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of acrolein and protects cells from their toxicity. Using purified ARL-1 protein, we determined its enzymatic activity in response to acrolein and defined its steady-state kinetics with K(m) and V(max) at 0.110 +/- 0.012 mM and 3122.0 +/- 64.7 nmol/mg protein/min, respectively. By introducing a functional Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP)/ARL-1 fusion protein into 293T cells, we demonstrated that plating efficiency in liquid culture and focus formation in soft agar increased by more than 60% (p < 0.05), compared to the vector control cells. More significantly, at a low dose of 5 microM acrolein, EGFP/ARL-1 expression enhanced both plating efficiency and focus formation by more than threefold, and the foci (in soft agar) of 293T cells expressing EGFP/ARL-1 were significantly larger than those of the vector control cells. At high concentrations of acrolein (25 and 50 microM), EGFP/ARL-1 protein prevented oncotic death of 293T cells induced by acrolein. In summary, our data demonstrated for the first time that the ARL-1 protein protects 293T cells from acrolein toxicity. Due to the high toxicity and wide distribution of acrolein, this finding is important to the understanding of its detoxification mechanisms.     

耐药性癫患者脑组织线粒体mMDHNDUFC_2基因表达异常

目的研究耐药性癫患者脑细胞线粒体mMDH、NDUFC2表达,探讨其在耐药性癫癎形成中的作用。方法分别提取48例耐药性癫癎患者、8例非耐药性癫患者及8例对照组脑组织标本的总RNA后,用基因芯片对其进行扫描,随后用荧光定量PCR技术进行验证。结果发现与线粒体功能有关的基因mMDH、NDUFC2在耐药性癫癎中显著下调,荧光定量RT—PCR验证结果与基因芯片一致。结论脑细胞线粒体基因mMDH、NDUFC2表达异常可能通过能量代谢及神经元坏死参与了耐药性癫癎的形成。     

Pathogenesis of progressive muscular dystrophy: studies on free radical metabolism in an animal model

Evidence to suggest the presence of abnormal metabolism of oxygen free radicals in progressive muscular dystrophy is presented using an animal model. In the superficial pectoral muscles of dystrophic chickens, enzyme activities regulating the metabolism of oxygen free radicals, i.e., catalase, superoxide dismutases and glutathione peroxidase, were significantly elevated within 1 week of hatching. Activities of related enzymes, i.e., glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were also elevated. In contrast, the specific activity of phosphofructokinase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, was normal during the first 4-week period. These results suggest that there is an increased turnover of oxygen free radicals in the dystrophic muscle. This concept appears important in a further investigation of the pathogenesis and treatment of progressive muscular dystrophies.     

多器官功能衰竭患儿血糖血乳酸血渗透压的改变

对５０例ＭＯＦ患儿血糖血乳酸血渗透压进行了检测，并与３５名健康儿童进行比较。结果显示危重患儿血糖血乳酸明显高于对照组，血糖血乳酸呈正相关，提示高血糖是危重患儿应激状态下的主要代谢改变。当患儿血糖＞１５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ血乳酸）５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，其死亡率明显增加，因此血糖血乳酸的变化可作为ＰＩＣＵ的常规监测指标。     

In vivo 13C saturation transfer effect of the lactate dehydrogenase reaction.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) catalyzes an exchange reaction between pyruvate and lactate. It is demonstrated here that this reaction is sufficiently fast to cause a significant magnetization (saturation) transfer effect when the 13C resonance of pyruvate is saturated by a continuous-wave (CW) RF pulse. Infusion of [2-(13)C]glucose was used to allow labeling of pyruvate C2 at 207.9 ppm to determine the pseudo first-order rate constant of the unidirectional lactate-->pyruvate flux in vivo. During systemic administration of GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline, this pseudo first-order rate constant was determined to be 0.08+/-0.01 s-1 (mean+/-SD, N=4) in halothane-anesthetized adult rat brains. In 9L and C6 rat glioma models, the 13C saturation transfer effect of the LDH reaction was also detected in vivo. Our results demonstrate that the 13C magnetization transfer effect of the LDH reaction may be useful as a novel marker for utilizing noninvasive in vivo MRS to study many physiological and pathological conditions, such as cancer.