小鼠内毒素休克某些血液变化和细胞超微结构损伤的发生

小鼠内毒素休克有血液的乳酸、ＮＰＮ、ＡＫＰ、ＬＤＨ水平升高和ｐＨ值降低并可用６５４－２或ＡＬ所预防，只是预防ＮＰＮ升高的效应须在早期的肾血管挛缩消失后才能显示出来；心、肝、肠和肺的ＭＤＡ含量升高并可被６５４－２预防，除肺外还可被ＡＬ预防；将高肺ＭＤＡ只能用６５４－２预防结合注射内毒素后１０ｍｉｎ有ＷＢＣ入肺扣押来看，损伤肺的自由萁坷能主要来自被激活的中性粒细胞；血中ＡＫＰ和ＬＤＨ升高分别反映溶酶体     

Clinical toxicity associated with tiazofurin

Summary Tiazofurin, an investigational antimetabolite, is undergoing clinical evaluation in leukemia. We analyzed the data base of 198 patients entered in Phase I trials to characterize the incidence and severity of toxicities associated with tiazofurin according to dose and schedule. Severe myelosuppression occurred infrequently, and was not dose-dependent. A five day bolus schedule had a higher incidence of severe or life-threatening neutropenia than other schedules. Tiazofurin produced lymphopenia which was not dose-dependent in the range of 23–36% decrease from baseline, and the effect on lymphocyte count was generally greater than the decline in neutrophil count. Non-hematologic toxicity of a moderate or worse severity ( grade 2) included nausea and vomiting (18% of all courses), serum transaminase elevations (SGOT, 16%; SGPT, 9%), rash (9%), stomatitis (3%), conjunctivitis (3%), headache (10%), other signs of central nervous system toxicity (8%), and cardiac toxicity, primarily pleuropericarditis (4%). Dose-related cutaneous toxicity, headache, and nausea and vomiting were evident in the five day bolus schedule, and myalgia was more frequently reported at higher doses on the single dose schedule. The five day continuous infusion (CI) schedule had a higher incidence of neurotoxicity, cardiac toxicity, SGPT elevations and ocular toxicity than the daily for five days bolus schedule, but none of these differences attained statistical significance. Although the peak plasma concentrations of tiazofurin achieved with the five day bolus schedule were 3-fold higher than the steady-state plasma levels seen with an equal dose given by CI, the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was approximately 1.6-fold higher with CI. These observations suggest that both high peak plasma concentrations (above 400 uM) and prolonged exposure to plasma levels exceeding 50 uM may result in a higher incidence of serious non-hematologic toxicity.     

Histochemical study of transmyocardial laser channels in dogs

目的　了解激光心肌血运重建术时激光对心肌的损伤。方法　在狗心肌上用CO2 激光打孔。术后即刻、两周时于打孔处取材 ,用硝基蓝四唑法作琥珀酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶组织化学染色。结果　术后即刻 ,孔道及其周围心肌分为五个区。中央为孔道即组织汽化区 ,向外依次为碳化区、酶消失区、酶减少区、酶浓缩区。两周后孔道区被肉芽组织取代 ,周围心肌细胞酶活性正常。结论　激光心肌血运重建术术后即刻 ,孔道周围心肌细胞酶活性由内向外依次呈消失、减少、浓缩改变。术后两周可逆性损伤的心肌细胞酶活性恢复。     

A novel mis-sense mutation (G1381A) in the G6PD gene identified in a Chinese man

Objective　To detect new mutations among 29 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient individuals from Yunnan province. Methods　The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) method was used to screen G6PD deficient individuals. Mutation was identified by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), amplification created restriction site (ACRS), amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) and DNA sequencing. Results　Among 29 cases, 18 cases of G1388A, 1 case of C1004A, and 1 case of G1381A were identified. Nine cases remained to be defined. The G1381A mutation is a novel mis-sense mutation, with a substitution of threonine for alanine (A461T). The resultant G6PD had reduced enzymatic activity. In addition, G1381A caused a restriction site of Stu I to disappear, providing a rapid method for the detection of this mutation. Conclusion　A novel mis-sense mutation G1381A was found. This mutation results in a substitution of threonine for alanine, producing enzyme with reduced activity. The loss of the Stu I restriction site offers a rapid method for the detection of this mutation.     

新生儿乳酸脱氢酶同功酶测定及其临床意义

目的：测定新生儿末梢血乳酸脱氢酶同功酶活性。并探讨其临床意义。方法：采足跟血0.1ml,应用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法测定LDH1-5,并对其与新生儿日龄、孕出生体重、Apgar评分、窒息和预后关系进行分析。结果：随着日龄的增加,LDH1增高,LDH5下降,过期产、早评分、窒息和预后关系进行分析。结果：随着日龄的增加,LDH1增高,LDH5下降,过期产、早产、巨大儿、低体重儿与正常儿相比均出现了LDH5增高,LDH1降低,LDH5/LDH1比值增大的缺氧表现,LDH1、LDH5和LDH5/LDH1比值的改变与新生儿的缺氧状态、程度、预后有密切关系。结论：LDH1改变能较灵敏的反映新生儿的缺氧情况,能帮助判断预后和指导治疗,可成为新生儿监护的重要指标。     

尾部悬吊对大鼠比目鱼肌梭内外肌纤维SDH活性的影响

:【目的】研究尾部悬吊对大鼠比目鱼肌梭内、外肌纤维琥珀酸脱氢酶 (succinicdehydrogenase,SDH)活性的影响 ,旨在探讨失重或模拟失重状态下肌梭的代谢和功能变化。【方法】用尾部悬吊法模拟失重 ,雌性Sprague Dawley大鼠按体质量配对原则 ,随机分为尾部悬吊 3、7、14、30d组及同步饲养的对照组。以氯化硝基四氮唑蓝盐 (nitrobluetetrazolium ,Nitro BT)法检测比目鱼肌梭内、外肌纤维SDH的活性。【结果】尾部悬吊导致Ⅰ型肌纤维的构成比减少 ,Ⅱ型肌纤维各亚型的构成比增加 ,以Ⅱb型增加最显著。尾部悬吊 3、7、14、30d组的Ⅰ型肌纤维构成比分别为 87.92 % ,84.0 0 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,6 9.90 %(P <0 .0 1) ,6 7.90 % (P <0 .0 1) ;Ⅱb型肌纤维的构成比分别是 3 .75 % ,5 .6 3% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,15 .35 % (P <0 .0 1) ,18.33%(P <0 .0 1)。梭内肌纤维SDH活性增强 ,核袋 1纤维SDH染色由阳性转变为强阳性 ,核袋 2纤维由阴性转变为中等以上阳性 ,核链纤维由仅有一条呈弱阳性转变为均呈强阳性。【结论】模拟失重导致梭内、外肌纤维代谢改变 ,骨骼肌发生肌纤维类型转换 ,肌梭的功能活动可能受影响。     

恶性疟原虫乳酸脱氢酶单克隆抗体的制备及其特性鉴定

为制备抗恶性疟原虫乳酸脱氢酶（LDHp）单克隆抗体（McAb）,并对其特异性进行鉴定,用纯化的LDHp重组抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用杂交瘤技术制备McAb,筛选出分泌高滴度McAb的杂交瘤细胞株,测定其免疫球蛋白亚类及其效价,ELISA、Westen blotting试验分析其特导性。结果,制备出2A5和 1H10两株能稳定分泌抗LDHp　McAb的杂交瘤细胞株,两株单抗均为IgG2b,2A5和1H10培养上清的ELISA效价分别为1:512和1:256,腹水效价分别为1:25600和1:12800,两株单抗与间日疟、红细胞、弓形虫、日本血吸虫等抗原均不发生交叉反应,能识别恶性疟原虫的33Kda虫源蛋白。证明制备的抗LDHp杂交瘤细胞株能分泌高滴度和高特异性的单抗。     

盐酸山莨菪碱对噪声暴露后耳蜗琥珀酸脱氢酶活性的影响

目的：观测豚鼠在噪声暴露后不同时间内盐酸山莨菪碱（６５４－２０防治组和损伤组的耳蜗琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）活性变化,探讨噪声暴露后ＳＤＨ活性的变化趋势以及６５４－２在噪声暴露中对ＳＤＨ活性的影响。方法：把豚鼠分成对照组、损伤组与６５４－２防治组,在噪声暴露后不同时期,用Ｎａｃｈｌａｓ四唑氮盐法及图象分析仪显示并测算ＳＤＨ活性。结果：在噪声暴露后第３天,各组酶活性损伤最重。各组耳蜗ＳＤＨ活性第１、２回     

针刺防治GE对豚鼠内耳损害的实验研究

目的 观察针刺对庆大霉素（ＧＥ）耳中毒豚鼠的防治作用。方法 用脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）和组织化学方法,检测动物耳聋程度及听神经功能的变化和耳蜗毛细胞酶活性的改变。结果 电针能降低ＧＥ引起的ＢＡＥＰ反应阈的上升幅度,降低ＢＡＥＰ波峰潜伏期及波间期的延长;能保护毛细胞线粒体呼吸酶的活性,维持毛细胞溶酶体的完整性。结论 针刺能降低ＧＥ的耳毒性。保护毛细胞线粒体酶的活性,维持溶酶体的完整性,保证毛细胞     

手术病人轻、中度急性等容血液稀释时心脏代偿功能及心肌酶谱的改变

目的 :测定非心脏外科手术病人应用急性等容血液稀释 (ANHD)时 ,心输出量 (CO)、心脏射血量 (SV)及心肌酶谱的改变 ,评价心脏在氧供降低时的氧合情况及心肌是否缺氧受损。方法 :选择临床大中型非心脏外科手术病人 40例 ,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,麻醉平稳后正常体温下行ANHD ,测定不同程度血液稀释 (HD)时 (HD1、HD2 、HD3 的HCT分别约为 2 8% ,2 5 % ,2 3% ) ,心输出量 (CO)、心脏射血量 (SV)及心肌酶谱的改变。结果 :从HD1～HD3,即使在HD3 水平 ,CO(SV)下降时 ,心肌酶均未升高 ,回输血后心肌酶谱升高 ,与HD前比差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :手术病人进行轻、中度ANHD时 ,当CO(SV)降低 ,心脏失代偿时 ,未出现心肌酶的升高 ,再次说明心肌未受损