兰州市男男性接触者艾滋病知识知晓率及性行为危险性调查

目的了解兰州市男男性接触者(MSM)艾滋病知识知晓率及性行为危险性。方法采用全球基金艾滋病项目统一设计的调查问卷,对263名MSM进行匿名调查。结果最近6个月内,有201例(76.43%)与男性发生过性行为,74例(28.14%)与女性发生过性关系。除了与女性发生性行为时安全套使用率较高外,其余使用率都很低。调查者中H IV阳性2例,梅毒阳性9例。结论MSM是艾滋病传播的高危人群,应加大对这一人群的健康教育,采取适宜且实用的措施进行干预,以有效控制艾滋病、性病在这一人群中的传播与流行。     

中医养生移动应用程序研发

在对中医养生APP的行业动态进行调研和分析的基础上,设计研发中医养生APP,阐述中医养生APP的架构、工作原理、功能、创新性、应用范围等方面。     

COVID-19 knowledge,risk perception,and information sources among Chinese population

BACKGROUNDMeasures for effective control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic include identifying the causal organisms, applying appropriate therapies, and developing vaccines, as well as improving understanding among the general public.AIMTo evaluate the knowledge, awareness, perception, and response of the general public to COVID-19 in China.METHODSA detailed questionnaire comprising 47 questions designed in both English and Chinese was developed. The survey was conducted via WeChat, a multipurpose messaging, social media, and mobile payment app that is widely used by the Chinese population. In total, 1006 participants responded, and most of them were from different provinces of mainland China.RESULTSOverall, this comprehensive survey revealed that the general public in China is highly aware of the basic information concerning COVID-19 and its precautions. Interestingly, more respondents (99.3%) were aware of the term severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) than COVID-19 (97.2%) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (73.4%). Among them, 2.4%, 1.6%, and 0.9% said that they or their family members or friends were affected by COVID-19, SARS, and MERS, respectively. The majority of the respondents (91.2%) indicated that knowledge about COVID-19 was received mainly from WeChat, followed by TV (89%), friends (76.1%), and QQ (a Chinese instant messaging software service) (57.7%).CONCLUSIONThe general public in China is highly aware of COVID-19 and the necessary precautions. Unexpectedly, 2.8% of the participants were unaware of the current epidemic. The remaining information gaps highlight the necessity of further enhancing awareness and preparedness.     

作为隐性知识的中医及其策略

波兰尼认为,在柏拉图的显性知识传统之外,存在着只可意会不可言传的隐性知识。就知识的个人性、默会性和寄托而言,中医知识的大部分完全符合波兰尼关于隐性知识的标准。“医者意也,意者医也”,可以说,中医作为一种知识其神韵正在于它的“可以意会,难于言传”的特性。这种特性决定了中医应当有着不同于西医的知识产权策略、知识交流策略和人才策略。     

Feasibility,acceptability, and effectiveness of a decision aid versus an informational website to promote clinical trial decision-making among cancer patients: A pilot randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveTo assess intervention feasibility and acceptability, and compare the effectiveness of the CHOICES Decision Aid (DA) versus the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Clinical Trials (CCT) website to improve knowledge about CCTs and preparedness to make an informed decision.MethodsOncology patients (n = 101) with a scheduled clinic visit were enrolled and randomized. Decision-making variables were collected at two timepoints. Post-intervention scores were examined via paired t-tests and multivariate regression analyses. Predictors of the magnitudes of the change in scores were examined in multivariable regression analyses.ResultsThe interventions were feasible to implement and acceptable to participants. Both interventions increased objective and subjective knowledge, improved clarity of opinions, and reduced decisional conflict (p-values < 0.01). Improvements in the belief that one could find out about CCTs were observed in the CHOICES DA arm (p < 0.001). Multivariable analyses controlling for educational attainment showed no significant differences in the magnitude of change in outcome variables between intervention arms, but did find that improvements in some variables in the NCI arm – but not CHOICES DA arm – were associated with previous educational attainment.ConclusionsInterventions were feasible to implement and acceptable. Improvements in knowledge and decision-making outcomes were observed in both arms, supporting the view that interventions to improve CCT decision making are effective and feasible. Our results suggest that the CHOICES DA may be more effective than an informational website in improving decision-making outcomes regardless of participants’ educational attainment.Practice implicationsCCT resources should support informed decision-making among all cancer survivors, regardless of educational attainment.     

The Relationship Between Self-Reported Sexually Explicit Media Consumption and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China

IntroductionPrevious studies have indicated that viewing sexually explicit media (SEM) might be associated with sexual risk behaviors in men who have sex with men (MSM). However, most prior research has not explored this association cross-culturally or the potential influence that important covariates might have on the association.AimTo explore the association between self-reports of viewing SEM depicting various sexual risk behaviors and engagement in sexual risk behaviors after controlling for relevant covariates in MSM in China.MethodsThree hundred fourteen Chinese MSM participated in a web-based survey.Main Outcome MeasuresSEM consumption, sexual risk behavior, and measurements of covariates.ResultsSEM consumption was frequent in MSM in China. Viewing a larger proportion of SEM depicting sexual risk behaviors was associated with a larger number of regular partners with whom MSM reported engaging in sexual risk behaviors, but not with the number of casual partners, after controlling for covariates. HIV-related knowledge and seeking male sex partners were associated with the number of regular partners with whom MSM had engaged in sexual risk behaviors. Seeking sexual sensation, HIV-related knowledge, and seeking male sex partners were associated with the number of casual partners with whom MSM had engaged in sexual risk behaviors.ConclusionFuture research exploring the relation between SEM use and sexual health risk behaviors should consider theoretically important psychological and behavioral covariates.Xu Y, Zheng Y, Rahman Q. The Relationship Between Self-Reported Sexually Explicit Media Consumption and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China. J Sex Med 2017;14:357–365.     

Healthcare professionals’ attitudes,knowledge and self-efficacy levels regarding the use of self-hypnosis in childbirth: A prospective questionnaire survey

Objectiveto examine healthcare professionals' attitudes, knowledge and levels of self-efficacy regarding the use of self-hypnosis in childbirth.Designa prospective survey.Settingtwo large maternity units in London, England.Participantshealthcare professionals (n=129) involved in the care of childbearing women (anaesthetists, midwives and obstetricians).Methodsonline questionnaire assessing healthcare professionals' experience, knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy relating to self-hypnosis in childbirth.Main outcome measuresattitude, self-efficacy and knowledge.Findingsover half of the participants surveyed (56%) reported they had minimal or no knowledge of hypnosis. Higher levels of knowledge were associated with higher levels of self-efficacy (p<0.001) and also with more positive attitudes (p<.001). Midwives reported significantly higher levels of knowledge, more positive attitudes (7.25, 95% CI: 4.60–9.89) and higher levels of self-efficacy (3.48, 95% CI: 1.46–5.51) than doctors. Midwives also reported more exposure to/experience of hypnosis than doctors, and more exposure was significantly associated with higher levels of self-efficacy (midwives p<.001; doctors p=.001). Professionals who would plan to use self-hypnosis in their own or partners' births had significantly higher self-efficacy scores (p<.001).Key conclusionsif healthcare professionals are to effectively support women using self-hypnosis in childbirth, they need to be confident in their ability to facilitate this method. Previous research has established that self-efficacy is a strong indicator of performance.Implications for practiceProfessionals with more knowledge of self-hypnosis are also more confident in supporting women using this technique in childbirth. Multi-disciplinary staff training which aims to increase knowledge, and which includes exposure to hypnosis in labour, may be beneficial in assisting staff to support women choosing to use self-hypnosis in labour.     

体外受精-胚胎移植患者卵子捐赠知识和态度的调查分析

目的调查分析体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)患者对卵子捐赠的知识和态度现状,为赠、受卵工作提供理论依据。方法采用便利抽样法,抽取郑州市某三级甲等医院行IVF-ET治疗的不孕女性500例,采用《体外受精-胚胎移植患者卵子捐赠知识和态度问卷》对其进行问卷调查。结果卵子捐赠知识回答正确率不高,只有22.76%;条目"并不是只要身体健康就可以进行卵子捐赠"回答正确率最高,为58.54%,答对率最低的条目为"捐赠卵子会导致自身卵子数量不足而影响治疗",回答正确率仅为4.47%;IVF-ET患者对卵子捐赠态度得分为(24.4±5.0)分,处于较低水平,其中,卵子捐赠意愿部分得分最低,为(7.9±3.4)分。结论 IVF-ET患者缺乏对卵子捐赠知识的了解,卵子捐赠态度也不积极,应重视对IVF-ET患者卵子捐赠知识的宣传。     

承德市双桥区居民甲型H1N1流感认知、行为和态度调查

目的 了解承德市双桥区居民对甲型H1N1流感的基本认知、行为和态度,为制定适宜的健康教育策略提供科学依据.方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,选择承德市双桥区城镇1个社区和农村1个村,共211人进行入户问卷调查.结果 96.7%的居民听说过甲型H1N1流感;知识总知晓率达58.5%,且有随文化程度的增加有上升趋势,不同职业间总知晓率也存在统计学差异;48.2%的居民认为自己日常生活受到了甲型H1N1流感的影响,9%的人认为将会出现甲型H1N1流感的大流行,但仍然有7%的人不将采取任何预防措施;78%的人愿意接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗,但有11.0%的人明确表示不会接种;对于政府和相关卫生机构应对甲型H1N1流感所采取的措施,93%的居民表示满意.结论 居民对甲型H1N1流感知识掌握不全面,倾向于采取健康行为,相应的健康教育还应进一步加强.     

A systematic review of 'knowledge of dementia' outcome measures

Knowledge of dementia measures are key to identifying areas of misinformation and establishing knowledge levels, thus guiding educational programmes and interventions.A three-step literature search was undertaken to identify measures of knowledge in dementia. An evaluation framework was employed articulating quality indicators for the psychometric properties of measures, based on their development and use within research studies.Five measures were identified: the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Test (ADKT, Dieckmann et al., 1988); the University of Alabama Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Test for Health Professionals (UAB-ADKT, Barrett et al., 1997); the Dementia Quiz (DQ, Gilleard and Groom, 1994); the Knowledge of Aging and Memory Loss and Care (KAML-C, Kuhn et al., 2005) and the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS, Carpenter et al., 2009). All measures followed a standard scale development process, generally with acceptable reliability and validity. Many studies used measures on populations beyond the target sample, without re-establishing the psychometric properties of the scales.There are limitations with all the measures, including weaknesses in psychometric properties, being outdated and having limited scope. Although the ADKT was once suited to international use and has established psychometric properties, some items are now outdated. The ADKS positions itself as an updated version of the ADKT, yet has not been used beyond the original development study. The DQ is most the suitable for family carers. All measures require periodic updates, to keep pace with the expanding field of dementia. More robust, contemporary measures of knowledge are required.