浙江省中小学生家长伤害认知情况研究

目的了解浙江省中小学生家长对意外伤害及相关知识的了解程度,为伤害干预提供依据.方法选择浙江省4个县区,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,问卷调查41284位家长.结果 90%以上的家长听说过意外伤害,父母伤害知晓率明显高于爷爷奶奶外公外婆.93.34%的家长认为伤害对孩子的影响很大,97.28%的家长认为有必要对孩子进行各种安全教育,96.54%的家长认为学校应该开设预防意外伤害的教育.38.89%家长经常担心孩子发生意外伤害,75.18%的家长认为有必要进行意外伤害保险.家长们认为最容易发生伤害的前三位是跌伤、车祸和溺水.结论在制定中小学生意外伤害的预防干预措施时,应充分发挥家长的作用.     

浙江省城市与农村居民心理卫生知识水平调查

目的了解浙江省城市和农村居民心理卫生知识水平,为健康教育提供依据.方法采用分层随机抽样方法,抽取15岁以上样本2636人采用自编的<心理卫生知识问卷>进行居民心理卫生知识水平的调查.结果城乡居民在精神疾病的发病因素、治疗,常见精神疾病的认识等方面存在一定的差异,在症状识别、预后等方面城乡居民比较接近.结论加强城市和农村居民的心理卫生知识及心理卫生健康教育,以提高居民的心理卫生知识的知晓率,促进居民的心理健康.     

基于知识图谱构建和定性访谈法探析张忠德教授辨治间质性肺病临床特征与方药规律＊

目的 构建个性化知识图谱技术和定性访谈法结合，进一步挖掘张忠德教授辨治间质性肺疾病临证特征与用药规律。方法 采用回顾性分析，系统收集张忠德教授广东省中医院门诊2010年8月至2020年8月治疗间质性肺疾病病历，按照诊断标准、纳入标准、排除标准，严格筛选后，通过广东省中医院大数据挖掘团队中医药大数据智能处理与知识服务系统进行数据挖掘分析，并通过多元化视觉定性访谈法，将定量与定性分析有效结合。结果 共筛选出347首方，共141味药物，常用药物频次 ≥ 84次的药物有10味，其中党参、麦芽、黄芪、紫菀、白术等为核心用药，通过症状与药物推理知识地图显示，党参、炒麦芽、黄芪、大枣、太子参、山萸肉、巴戟天等为主要治疗用药；临证遣方用药知识关联分析，得知咳嗽、耳鸣、心悸、水肿、头痛、胸闷、恶寒等为多见，针对咳嗽，首选紫苏子、橘红、桂枝等温肺降气通阳之品等；频繁聚集显示，常用药对炒麦芽-炒白术、黄芪-党参、黄精-菟丝子、前胡-紫菀、炙枇杷叶-浙贝母等；聚类分析结果得到4组关系密切的聚类新药物组合；以脾为中轴，肺肾共扶为主的“平调五脏论”，分期阶梯辨治间质性肺疾病。结论 张忠德教授认为间质性肺疾病，虚实夹杂为多见，应从肺、脾、肾着手，采用平调五脏论分期阶梯辨治，用药配伍精简，以和为贵，以平为期。     

The knowledge desired by emergency medical service managers of their ambulance clinicians – A modified Delphi study

AimThe aim of the study was to identify the types of knowledge that Swedish Emergency Medical Service (EMS) managers considered desirable in their Ambulance Clinicians.BackgroundEmergency medical service managers are responsible for organisational tasking and in this are dependent on the knowledge possessed by their ambulance clinicians. It would therefore be of value to explore EMS managers’ approach to this knowledge.DesignA modified Delphi method in three rounds.MethodsIn total thirty-six EMS managers participated, and twenty-four finished all three rounds. They were encouraged to rate each sub-category, and the ten with the highest mean were interdependently ranked in the final round.ResultsFive categories and twenty-six sub-categories emerged in the first round, covering knowledge related to; contextual aspects, medical and holistic assessments, formal education and organisational issues. Eventually, the sub-category ‘Knowledge to assess the patient’s situation from a holistic perspective’ was the highest ranked, followed by ‘Medical knowledge to assess and care for different diseases’ and ‘Knowledge to be able to care for critically ill patients’.ConclusionsTaken together the knowledge areas address essentially medical care, contextual aspects and nursing. The boundaries between these can sometimes be seen as elusive, calling for ambulance clinicians to balance these areas of knowledge.     

遵义市核心家庭成员生殖健康状况调查

目的了解核心家庭的育龄夫妻的生殖健康知识水平及行为状况,为提高家庭生殖健康水平提供科学依据。方法2018年11月—2019年1月采用整群随机抽样法,随机抽取贵州省遵义市主城区内5个街道中符合核心家庭标准的311户家庭成员进行自填式匿名问卷调查。结果调查对象的生殖健康知识的总知晓率60.7%,女性较高于男性。男性比女性更易接受婚前性行为,差异有统计学意义(χ2=35.483,P<0.05)。生殖健康预防行为的得分的主要因素是生殖健康知识及自我效能得分的高低。结论遵义市核心家庭成员的生殖健康知晓率较低,在对男性的生殖健康过程中的关注度不够,家庭成员的参与意识缺乏,应开展针对性的干预措施,提高核心家庭生殖健康的整体水平。     

Validación de una escala de conocimiento sobre el VIH y otras infecciones de transmisión sexual en población adolescente

ObjectiveThe objective of this research is to determine the validity and reliability of a questionnaire designed to specifically assess the knowledge of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in a Spanish adolescent population.DesignCross-sectional study for the validation of a questionnaire.LocationA total of 17 schools in five Spanish provinces.ParticipantsA total of 1,570 adolescent schoolchildren between 13 and 17 years old.InterventionA pool of 40 items relating to knowledge about HIV and other sexually transmitted infections was established. This pool was analyzed by an expert panel. It was then administered to a pilot group with the same demographic characteristics of the sample, to ensure comprehension.Main measurementItem analysis, internal consistency, test/retest and exploratory factorial analysis.ResultsA factor analysis was performed, in which five factors that explained 46% of the total variance were retained: general knowledge about HIV, condom as a protective method, routes of HIV transmission, the prevention of HIV, and other sexually transmitted infections. Reliability measures ranged from 0.66 to 0.88. The test-retest correlation was 0.59. There were gender differences in the knowledge of infections.ConclusionsThese factors have adequate internal consistency and acceptable test-retest correlation. Theoretically, these factors fit properly with the content of the items. The factors have a moderate relationship, indicating that a high degree of knowledge about an aspect, but not a guarantee of general knowledge. The availability of a questionnaire to assess knowledge of sexually transmitted infections is helpful to evaluate prevention programs.     

A cross sectional survey to evaluate knowledge,attitudes and practices regarding seasonal influenza and influenza vaccination among diabetics in Pretoria,South Africa

BackgroundIn South Africa, influenza vaccination is recommended to all diabetics. However, vaccination coverage among diabetics remains low. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices among people with diabetes in Pretoria regarding seasonal influenza and influenza vaccination.MethodA cross-sectional survey was conducted among type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus patients who attended diabetic clinics in two major tertiary hospitals in Pretoria, South Africa from October to December 2015. The pilot-tested questionnaire consists of 32 quantitative questions that covered seasonal influenza and influenza vaccination in terms of the patient’s demographics, medical history and knowledge, attitudes and practices.ResultsA total of 292 completed questionnaires were received with a response rate of 70.0%. Of these, 162 participants (55.5%) believed that influenza is the same as common cold. While 96 (32.9%) participants were aware that they were at higher risk of complications of influenza, only 86 (29.5%) participants considered vaccination as an effective means in preventing serious influenza-related complication. Even though 167 (57.2%) participants had heard of the vaccine to prevent influenza, only 84 (28.8%) participants were previously vaccinated. Multivariate analysis shows that participants with good attitude score for influenza vaccination were 18.4 times more likely to be vaccinated compared with those with poor attitude score (OR =18.4, 95%CI. 5.28–64.10, p = .001). Among those previously vaccinated, advice from their doctors (82/84, 97.6%) was the main factor encouraging vaccination. Top reasons given by participants who had never been vaccinated before (208/292, 71.2%) include use of alternative protection (107/208, 51.4%) and that vaccination is not necessary because flu is just a minor illness (93/208, 44.7%).ConclusionUptake of seasonal vaccination among diabetics in Pretoria is low. Level of knowledge and perception are the main barriers to vaccination. Health care provider’s advice may be an important key predictor of previous influenza vaccination and they should continue to educate and encourage all diabetics to get vaccinated for influenza at least once yearly.