冠脉循环中血小板活化状态对冠心病致病作用的研究

目的：探讨冠脉循环中血小板活化状态在冠心病（ＣＨＤ）发病学中的意义。方法：用放免等方法对受试冠状静脉窦（ＣＳ）及升主动脉（ＡＯ）血行血小板膜表面α－颗粒膜蛋白（α－ＧＭＰ－１４０）和循环内皮细胞（ＣＥＣ）等测定。结果：ＣＨＤ患冠脉循环中α－ＧＭＰ－１４０含量和ＣＥＣ浓度均明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,以急心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）组为明显,冠脉狭窄愈严重,二升高愈明显,病灶多发比单发升高明显。结论：ＣＨＤ患冠脉循环中血小板高度激活,在ＣＨＤ的发生发展中有一定的意义。     

几种改进的漂浮颗粒剂灭中华按蚊和致倦库蚊的效果

目的：比较几种改进的漂浮颗粒剂灭中华按蚊和致倦库蚊幼虫的效果。方法：现场试验。结果：室内生物测定,Ｂ．ｔ．ｓ－１８７漂浮颗粒剂（荷叶型）ＬＤ５０为０．４０８７μｇ／ｍｌ,Ｂａｃｔｉｍｏｓ颗粒剂（荷叶型）ＬＤ５０为０．９３４４μｇ／ｍｌ,Ｂ．ｓ－Ｃ３－４１漂浮颗粒剂（荷叶型）ＬＤ５０为０．０５９９μｇ／ｍｌ。稻田灭中华按蚊幼虫的效果显示：两种Ｂ．ｔ．ｓ漂浮颗粒剂（荷叶型）０．８１ｇ／ｍ２剂量时,２４ｈ灭蚊效果均可达１００％。１８７漂浮颗粒剂持效可达１１ｄ,Ｂａｃｔｉｍｏｓ漂浮颗粒剂持效为８ｄ。１８７颗粒剂和Ｂ．ｓ－Ｃ３－４１颗粒剂现场灭致倦库蚊的效果显示：在０．６８ｇ／ｍ２剂量时,２４ｈ蚊幼密度下降率分别为１００％和９９．１％,持效分别为９ｄ和８ｄ。结论：采用荷叶粉为主要载体,在自然界中易于分解,不造成污染,而且灭蚊即效和持效均较好。     

治疗重度烧伤416例前后两个5年的回顾

回顾1988年1月～1997年12月间收治面积>30％重度烧伤病人416例,随机分前后二个5年进行分析,后5年采用伤后5小时内加大,加快补液,注重预防性广谱抗生素的应用及维护脏器功能,并采用早期切(?)自体微粒皮移植。结果表明:后5年败血症,毒血症发生率明显下降,治愈率显著提高。     

Modulation of paired-pulse responses in the dentate gyrus: effects of prenatal protein malnutrition

Since our major hypothesis is that prenatal protein malnutrition significantly affects hippocampal neuroplasticity, this study examined the effects of prenatal protein malnutrition on the modulation of dentate granule cell excitability in freely moving rats at 15, 30 and 90 days of age across the vigilance states of quiet waking (QW), slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Using paired-pulse stimulation, the paired-pulse index (PPI), a measure of the type and degree of modulation of dentate granule cell excitability elicited by stimulation of the medial perforant path, was obtained for each vigilance state at each stage of development. Four specific measures of granule cell excitability were computed, namely, PPI using both population spike amplitude (PSA) and EPSP slope measures, absolute values of PSA(1) and EPSP(1) slope. PPI values obtained at 15, 30 and 90 days of age, however, were altered during normal ontogenetic development, but not by vigilance state. At 15 days of age, the malnourished group exhibits greater early inhibition of the PPI using the PSA measure at IPIs between 20 and 30 ms regardless of vigilance state, while at 30 days of age, the malnourished group exhibits greater facilitation at IPIs between 50 and 70 ms during QW and SWS, but not during REM sleep. In the control adult (PND90) and juvenile (PND30) animal, PSA(1) values are significantly higher during SWS than in QW or REM sleep. However, for the younger malnourished animals (PND15 and PND30), PSA(1) values were found to be significantly greater during REM sleep rather than SWS. Therefore, as the animal matures, there appears to be a shift in vigilance state dependent synaptic transmission through the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit from REM sleep to SWS in both control and malnourished animals, with the change occurring later in malnourished animals when compared to control ones. Furthermore, our findings suggests that prenatal protein malnutrition significantly alters modulation of dentate granule cell excitability (i.e., PPI values using the PSA measure) during the earlier stages of development but not in adulthood.     

Blockade of the NMDA receptor increases developmental apoptotic elimination of granule neurons and activates caspases in the rat cerebellum

Elimination of neurons produced in excess naturally occurs during brain development through programmed cell death. Among the many survival factors affecting this process, a role for neurotransmitters acting on specific receptors has been suggested. We have performed an in vivo pharmacological blockade of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors, using the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist CGP 39551 at developmental stages corresponding to those at which a survival dependence on the stimulation of this receptor has been demonstrated for cerebellar granule neurons explanted in culture (typically from postnatal day 7 to postnatal day 11 or 13). We were able to demonstrate an increased level of DNA fragmentation in the cerebellum of the treated rats. At the P11 stage, in particular, the fragmented DNA extracted from the cerebellum of CGP 39551-treated pups showed a clear laddering of nucleosomal fragments after agarose-gel electrophoresis. Accordingly, in situ TUNEL technique showed a remarkable increase of cells positive for nucleosomal DNA fragmentation, particularly in the inner granular layer of the cerebellum of treated rats at P11 stage. Therefore, the natural rate of apoptotic elimination of cerebellar granule neurons is considerably enhanced under conditions of pharmacological blockade of the NMDA receptor, thus demonstrating, for the first time in vivo, a clear survival dependence of these neurons upon the stimulation of the NMDA receptor. Concomitantly with the increased rate of apoptotic elimination of granule neurons, the activity of two death proteases of the caspase family, in particular of caspase 3 and caspase 1 at a lower extent, was remarkably increased in the cerebellum of the treated rats. On the contrary, a marker related to the normal differentiation process of granule neurons, the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase, was strongly decreased in its activity in the cerebellum of treated rat pups.     

Cannabinoids inhibit hippocampal GABAergic transmission and network oscillations

Using a new antibody developed against the C-terminus of the cannabinoid receptor (CB1), the immunostaining in the hippocampus revealed additional axon terminals relative to the pattern reported previously with an N-terminus antibody. Due to a greater sensitivity of this antibody, a large proportion of boutons in the dendritic layers displaying symmetrical (GABAergic) synapses were also strongly immunoreactive for CB1 receptors, as were axon terminals of perisomatic inhibitory cells containing cholecystokinin. Asymmetrical (glutamatergic) synapses, however, were always negative for CB1. To investigate the effect of presynaptic CB1 receptor activation on hippocampal inhibition, we recorded inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) from principal cells. Bath application of CB1 receptor agonists (WIN55,212-2 and CP55,940) suppressed IPSCs evoked by local electrical stimulation, which could be prevented or reversed by the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A. Action potential-driven IPSCs, evoked by pharmacological stimulation of a subset of interneurons, were also decreased by CB1 receptor activation. We also examined the effects of CB1 receptor agonists on Ca2+-independent miniature IPSCs (mIPSC). Both agonists were without significant effect on the frequency or amplitude of mIPSCs. Synchronous gamma oscillations induced by kainic acid in the CA3 region of hippocampal slices were reversibly reduced in amplitude by the CB1 receptor agonist CP 55,940, which is consistent with an action on IPSCs. We used CB1-/- knock-out mice to confirm the specificity of the antibody and of the agonist (WIN55,212-2) action. We conclude that activation of presynaptic CB1 receptors decreases Ca2+-dependent GABA release, and thereby reduces the power of hippocampal network oscillations.     

薄层扫描法测定三九感冒灵冲剂中对乙酰氨基酚及咖啡因的含量

目的 :用薄层扫描法同时测定三九感冒灵冲剂中对乙酰氨基酚及咖啡因的含量。方法 :以氯仿 -乙酸乙酯 -甲醇 -氨水(15∶4∶3∶0 3)为展开剂 ,采用双波长反射法锯齿扫描。结果 :对乙酰氨基酚平均回收率为99 33 % ,RSD=1 28% ,3批样品的标示量分别为99 02 %、98 48 %、99 23% ;咖啡因平均回收率为100 1 % ,RSD=1 71 % ,3批样品的标示量分别为99 74%、98 57 %、99 24%。结论 :本方法简便、快速 ,测定结果准确 ,可作为该制剂的质量控制方法     

辛芩冲剂治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效和安全性分析

目的：探讨辛芩冲剂对变压性鼻炎的疗效和安全性。方法：确诊为变应性鼻炎的患者142例随机分成两组，试验组（112例）接受辛芩冲剂口服，一次5g，一日3次；对照组（30例）接受千柏鼻炎片口服，一次3片，一日3次，二种药物均用药20天。观察的症状包括喷嚏、流涕、鼻塞和鼻痒，并进行4分法评分，计算出治疗后积分改善率。结果：经过20天的治疗，辛芩冲剂治疗组的临床控制率为27．67％（31／112），显效率为43．75％（49／112），有效率为17．86％（20／112），无效率为10．71％（12／112），总有效率为89．29％（100／112）；千柏鼻炎片治疗组的临床控制率为0％（0／30），显效率为6．67％（2／30），有效率为20．00％（6／30），无效率为73．33％（22／30），总有效率为26．67％（8／30）。经统计学处理两者差异有显著性意义（P＜0．01），辛芩冲剂治疗组明显优于千柏鼻炎片治疗组，辛芩冲剂和千柏鼻炎片治疗组的病人均未发生不良反应。结论：辛芩冲具有疗效好、无毒副作用等优点，是治疗变应性鼻炎的理想药物。     

微细药物表面包覆技术在制剂中的应用

新型药物开发制备过程中，需要对药物颗粒进行粒子设计，通过多层微胶囊化而得到复合包覆药物颗粒。药物包覆、微胶囊制备方法很多，可分为化学法、物理化学法、物理法。本文着重介绍了制备复合多层包覆药物颗粒的几种物理机械方法：复合杂化系统，高速椭圆转子混合法、喷流床包覆法。简要分析了该技术用于中药现代化加工的可能性。