Atrial reflexes and renal function.

Distension of small balloons in the venous-atrial junctions results in an increase in heart rate, urinary flow and sodium excretion. Two types of atrial receptors are described: one type, histologically known, discharging into myelinated fibers, and a second type, discharging into nonmyelinated ("C") fibers. These responses are mediated by the myelinated fibers. Experiments have shown that simulation of receptors discharging into the large myelinated vagal fibers is responsible for a reflex increase in heart rate mediated only by sympathetic nerves and for an increase in urinary flow. The efferent pathway of the diuretic response is shown to be nervous and hormonal. Stimulation of atrial receptors causes (1) a reduction of activity in nerves to the kidney, causing an increase in both urinary volume and sodium excretion, and (2) the release of a blood-borne agent, possibly diuretic, that increases urinary volume but does not affect sodium excretion.     

Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus

Mouse hybridomas which produce monoclonal antibodies to the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) have been prepared and the protein to which each is directed has been determined. The antibody produced by clones 3F3 and 5E9 specifically bound polyhedron protein of MW 32,000 when used in immunoadsorption chromatography When used in ELISA they could not distinguish between insect- and cell culture-derived polyhedron protein and also reacted with a wide range of baculoviruses. The antibody produced by clone 3D10 specifically immunoprecipitated a polypeptide of MW 42,000 from tissue culture-derived extracellular virus which was a prominent product synthesized in infected cells. This polypeptide was a major component of enveloped virus, released from insect-derived polyhedra, and nucleocapsids. In contrast to 3F3 and 5E9, this antibody was specific for AcNPV.     

导管射频消融快速型心律失常对心室肌复极离散度的影响

目的：探讨导管射频消融术（RFCA）对心室肌复极离散度的影响。方法：测量60例快速型心律失常患者RFCA术前、术后的QTd、QTcd、JTd、JTcd。结果：快速型心律失常患者RFC术前、术后QTd、QTcd、JTd、JTcd略有延长但无显著性差异（P＞0．05）,房侧消融组和室侧消融组 术前、术后QTd、QTcd、JTd、JTcd均无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论：RFCA对快速型心律失常患者整体心室肌复极离散度无影响。     

Increased heterogenity of ventricular repolarization in obese nonhypertensive children

Objective: Obese children, without arterial hypertension, may be a unique clinical opportunity to evaluate the effect of obesity, per se, on ventricular repolarization, excluding the influence of possible comorbidities. The QTc dispersion (QTc‐d), JTc dispersion (JTc‐d), and transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) have been suggested to be electrocardiographic indexes reflecting the physiological variability of regional ventricular repolarization. The aim of our study is to define the effects of obesity on the ventricular repolarization in obese children who have no other clinically appreciable cause of heart disease. Methods: The study involved 70 subjects (48 male, 22 female), with a mean age (± standard deviation) of 13 ± 2 years. A total of 35 individuals were obese (Group A: 24 male, 11 female, mean body mass index [BMI] of 38.2 ± 5.8 kg/m²), and 35 participants were healthy lean children (Group C: 24 male, 11 female, mean BMI of 22.3 ± 0.3 kg/m²). Heart rate; QRS duration; maximum and minimum QT interval; and QTc‐d, JTc‐d, and TDR measurement were performed. Results: Compared with the healthy control group, obese children presented increased values of the QTc‐d, JTc‐d, and TDR (31.1 ± 10.6 vs 46.2 ± 15.3 ms, P < 0.003; 29.8 ± 8.5 vs 40.1 ± 10.3 ms, P < 0.04; 83.2 ± 13.5 vs 100.7 ± 16.3 ms, P < 0.05). A statistically significant correlation was found between the values of QTc‐d, insulin serum concentration (r = 0.46, P = 0.04), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r = 0.34, P = 0.03). Conclusions: Our data suggest that obese nonhypertensive children have an increased ventricular repolarization heterogeneity in relation to controls. (PACE 2010; 33:1533–1539)     

New formula for defining “normal” and “prolonged” QT in patients with bundle branch block

Objectives

To predict the QT interval in the presence of normal QRS for patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB).

急性心肌梗死QT离散度增加与早期预后的关系

对60例急性心肌梗死（AMI）病例，在发病48h内首次描记的心电图（ECG）QT间期离散度（QTd）与JT间期离散度（JTd）进行了测定。结果显示：QT间期离散度和JT间期离散度的增加与AMI早期室速和原发性室颤的发生率呈正相关，AMI早期室速、室颤患者的QTd与JTd（100．48±27．60ms与100．50±23．10ms）显著高于非室速、室颤组（46．80±18．00ms与48．40±18．00ms），（P＜0．01）。随着QTd和JTd值的增大，室速、室颤发生的可能性也增大。提示：QTd和／或JTd可作为预测室速、室颤的一个重要指标，从而也可作为判断AMI早期预后较可靠的参考指标。     

Hunger and palatability: tracking ratings of subjective experience before, during and after the consumption of preferred and less preferred food

This study investigated the effects of palatability on ratings of hunger and other states, food preferences, bodily sensations, feelings and moods. Assessments of these were made before, during and after 12 healthy female subjects ate small equicaloric meals of either highly preferred of less preferred food. The sight of highly preferred food markedly increased subjects' rated desire to eat and this elevation was maintained during consumption. Hunger ratings were also elevated but only during consumption of the highly preferred food and to a smaller extent. There was no effect of the palatability of the food on rated feelings of fullness. Two hours after the meal, ratings of desire to eat and hunger were significantly higher after consumption of highly preferred food. This effect did not occur after eating less preferred food. Feelings of general positive affect, which followed the highly preferred meal, did not occur with the less preferred food. These findings throw light on the nature of the rated expression of hunger and on other terms used in describing dispositions to eat.