High-intensity interval training can improve hand grip strength,inspiratory muscle,and quality of life in systemic sclerosis subjects

IntroductionSystemic sclerosis/scleroderma (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease with connective tissue, multi-organ, and multisystem involvement. The disease has three main characteristics, namely vasculopathy, fibrosis, and autoimmunity. The effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in aerobic exercise on other rheumatic diseases has been studied, for example in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The purpose of this work is to investigate the effectiveness of HIIT of aerobics exercise on improving the inspiratory muscle, quality of life and functional ability for systemic sclerosis subjects.Material and methodsThe study was conducted on patients with confirmed systemic sclerosis who met the inclusion criteria. The research was carried out for 12 months in the outpatient clinic and gait laboratory of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.ResultsAfter HIIT in aerobic exercise, we found significant changes in inspiratory muscle (SNIP values 45.67 [30.92] vs. 54.25 [22.71]), handgrip (13.14 [4.42] vs. 15.63 [4.08]), walking speed (184.70 [26.86] vs. 246.6 [12.30]), metabolic equivalent (3.53 [0.30] vs. 4.21 [1.25]) and Scleroderma-Specific Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index for all visual analog scale (VAS) domains except Disability Index. Exercise approaches are characterized by repeated cycles of exercise interrupted by rest. For a range of clinical conditions, HIIT in aerobic exercise is known to remedy blood vessel function.ConclusionsOur results suggest that HIIT in aerobic exercise has improved functional ability, respiratory muscle strength, and quality of life in SSc subjects. Training twice a week in a 12-week HIIT program is considered to be safe for this population. We have to consider internal and external factors that influenced the result. A larger sample and further exploration of the feasibility of combined exercise in SSc patients should be the focus for future research.     

Neurogenic Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

The population with SCI is at a significant risk for both insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) secondary to neurogenic obesity. The prevalence of insulin resistance and T2DM in persons with SCI suggests that disorders of carbohydrate metabolism are at epidemic proportions within the population. However, the true frequency of such disorders may be underestimated because biomarkers of insulin resistance and T2DM used from the population without SCI remain nonspecific and may in fact fail to identify true cases that would benefit from intervention. Furthermore, diet and exercise have been used to help mitigate neurogenic obesity, but results on disorders of carbohydrate metabolism remain inconsistent, likely because of the various ways carbohydrate metabolism is assessed. The objective of this article is to review current literature on the prevalence and likely mechanisms driving insulin resistance and T2DM in persons with SCI. This article also explores the various assessments and diagnostic criteria used for insulin resistance and T2DM and briefly discusses the effects of exercise and/or diet to mitigate disorders of carbohydrate metabolism brought on by neurogenic obesity.     

The neurostructural and neurocognitive effects of physical activity: A potential benefit to promote eating disorder recovery

Accumulating evidence suggests that supervised and adapted physical activity provides cognitive benefits for individuals with eating disorders (EDs). The mechanisms underlying the benefits of physical activity are poorly understood. Addressing this knowledge gap may inform the appropriate integration of structured physical activity into eating disorders treatment and recovery. We draw attention to recent findings in the study of the impact of physical activity on the brain, and we describe the neurostructural and neurocognitive changes associated with physical activity observed in various clinical and nonclinical populations. Considering the identified impairment in brain volume- and/or neurocognitive function in various EDs, we propose that positive effects of physical activity may play a meaningful role in successful ED treatment. Accordingly, we outline research steps for closing the knowledge gap on how physical activity may aid in ED recovery, and emphasize the need to combine measures of cognitive and behavioral responses to physical activity, with technology capable of measuring changes in brain structure and/or function.     

恒力法测量运动对动物肌腱,韧带横截面积的影响

本文介绍一种方便，适用的肌腱，韧带横截面积的测量工具－软组织横截面积测微计。通过对兔屈趾肌腱反复测量，其重复性精密度在０．０４４ｍｍ以内，变异系数在１．４％以下，用该测微计对大强度训练一段时间后的兔屈趾肌腱，跟腱和膝内侧副韧带的测量发现，训练训练后ＦＤＰ，ＡＣ的横截面积减小，ＭＣＬ有增大的趋势，据此，作用认为肌腱的变化与长期大强度训练后试件的“疲劳蠕变”有关，ＭＣＬ的变化则与在体内的负荷形式有关。     

Human leukocyte response to an endurance race

Summary The response of circulating leukocytes (WBC's) with regard to changes in number, proportion of neutrophils versus lymphocytes and changes in lymphocyte function as well as proportions of T and B cells was studied in eleven men who ran a 20-mile race. A marked leukocytosis was noted 10–15 min after the race with the predominant increase being polymorphonuclear leukocytes (P<0.001). A significant rise in mean serum cortisol levels was also noted (P<0.001) which correlated with both the increase in total WBC's (P< 0.001) and granulocytes (P<0.001), but not lymphocytes. The increase in serum cortisol was inversely correlated with miles of prior training (P<0.001). An increase in lymphocytes from 1767±112/mm³ to 2431±202/mm³ was less than that previously described in short-term exercise. As with short-term exercise the most significant increase in lymphocytes was in B lymphocytes bearing surface immunoglobulin (P<0.0025). However, in contrast to short-term exercise lymphocytes maintained good in vitro response to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin.This study demonstrates that endurance racing produces a more marked granulocytosis and less lymphocytosis than short bouts of exercise. It is suggested that the degree of leukocytosis is stress dependent in that it was positively correlated with serum cortisol and inversely correlated with prior training.Supported in part by a joint fellowship from the National and Wisconsin Kidney Foundations     

Effect of acute exercise on some haematological parameters and neutrophil functions in active and inactive subjects

In this work we studied the possible effects of acute exercise on some haematological parameters and on some functions of neutrophils in seven active and six inactive subjects. Physical exercise (10 min on a cycle ergometer at a heart rate of 150 beats · min^–1) induced a significant increase in total leucocyte, lymphocyte and neutrophil concentrations in active subjects; serum iron and ferritin concentrations were lower in active compared to inactive subjects. Cellular adhesion, bactericidal activity and superoxide anion production did not change after exercise, while we also observed some differences between active and inactive subjects before exercise. In particular, the neutrophils from active subjects showed a significantly higher percentage of adhesion, higher bactericidal activity and lower superoxide anion production. In conclusion, the training induced changes in some neutrophil functions, while acute exercise influenced, overall, leucocyte concentrations.     

Beta-blockade and lipolysis during endurance exercise

Summary Inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis may be involved in the impairment of endurance capacity after administration of a -adrenoceptor blocker. During endurance exercise, no significant decrease in plasma glycerol and free fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations after -adrenoceptor blockade is found. However, the levels during recovery from exhaustion are lower after -adrenoceptor blockade. This study was designed to investigate whether the lower levels after exercise are due to -adrenoceptor blockade or to the shorter time to exhaustion after administration of a -adrenoceptor blocker.In a single-blind study, 11 well-trained male subjects (age 23 (0.9) y) performed a cycle ergometer test at 70% W_max until exhaustion 2 h after intake of 80 mg propranolol. One week later, the test was repeated after intake of placebo and was stopped at the time of exhaustion in the previous test. Average exercise time was 24 min. During exercise plasma glucose was lower, whereas plasma lactate and the respiratory exchange ratio were significantly higher when the subjects were on propranolol. Glycerol and NEFA concentrations during exercise were not significantly different between the two conditions. Despite an identical exercise time, glycerol and NEFA concentrations during recovery were significantly lower after propranol treatment.In conclusion, lipolysis is inhibited during exercise after propranolol, probably causing a shift from fat to carbohydrate combustion.     

综合法治疗肩周炎的临床疗效

目的　探讨肩周炎有效的治疗方法。方法　综合疗法组 80例采用手法、理疗、肩关节操序贯治疗。理体疗组 72例采用理疗加常规体疗。结果　综合疗法组治愈率 2 3.75 % ,显效率 45 .0 0 % ;理体疗组治愈率6 .94% ,显效率 2 7.78% ,秩和检验综合疗法组疗效优于理体疗组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　手法、理疗、肩关节操综合治疗疗效优于理疗加常规体疗 ,证明综合法可明显改善肩关节活动度 ,是治疗肩周炎的一种较为理想、有效的方法。