肠镜在腹腔镜辅助低位直肠癌根治术后吻合口出血防治中的意义

目的:探讨肠镜在腹腔镜辅助低位直肠癌根治术后吻合口出血防治中的意义。方法 :回顾性分析我院2006年1月至2011年12月共279例腹腔镜直肠癌根治术病人的资料,其中18例术后吻合口出血。采用卡方检验分析影响吻合口出血的可能因素,对于P     

护理干预对颅脑术后昏迷患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的影响

目的观察护理干预对颅脑术后昏迷患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的影响,改善患者临床预后。方法将76例颅脑术后昏迷患者按不同护理方法均分为观察组和对照组,对照组进行Routineeare,观察组在对照组的基础上再给予预防双下肢深静脉血栓形成的护理措施,比较两组下肢深静脉血栓发生率、下肢肿胀发生率、肺栓塞发生率。结果观察组和对照组的下肢深静脉血栓发生率、下肢肿胀发生率、肺栓塞发生率分别为2．63％（1／38）比15．79％（6／38）,5．26％（2／38）比21．05％（8／38）,0（0／38）比2．63％（1／38）,观察组下肢深静脉血栓发生率、下肢肿胀发生率明显低于对照组（均P〈0．05）。结论护理干预能够降低颅脑术后昏迷患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的发生率及下肢肿胀发生率,改善临床预后,减轻患者痛苦,值得临床推广使用。     

Buscando o motivo da instabilidade hemodinâmica: relato de caso sobre o papel do ultrassom intraoperatório

Background and objectives

A prompt and effective management of trauma patient is necessary. The aim of this case report is to highlight the importance of intraoperative echocardiography as a useful tool in patients suffering from refractory hemodynamic instability no otherwise explained.

Is OSNA better than imprint cytology for intraoperative diagnosis of cancer involvement of axillary sentinel node in breast cancer?

ObjectiveThe study aim was to establish Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value (NPV), and Accuracy Values of both imprint cytology (IC) and the OSNA assay for intraoperative assessment of axillary sentinel node (SN) cancer involvement in breast cancer. Specifically, we wished to find out if true positive and false negative results of IC were associated to axillary lymphadenectomy (ALND). Also, we addressed a comparative cost analysis between techniques.Methods244 patients treated for breast cancer in the Breast Unit of Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol from 2011 to 2015 were prospectively included. A transversal, consecutive design was applied to assess IC compared to the reference test (OSNA). Inclusion criteria were: T1 and T2 tumors with negative nodes, both clinically and on ultrasound.ResultsSensitivity of IC for macrometastases was 70%. The NPV of IC for macrometastases was 95,75%. Accuracy of IC was 96,12%. In the comparative cost analysis, the release time of results for OSNA doubled that of IC and was associated with an increased cost of € 370.ConclusionsIC has been stated as a good technique for intraoperative cancer involvement SN with high sensitivity and NPV compared to the OSNA assay. It allows keeping the whole node tissue and thus the possibility of improved histopathological evaluation, which can be useful for adjuvant, and offers the advantage of being less time consuming. Cost analysis shows a higher cost for OSNA, which may exceed the benefit of sorting out false negatives from IC.     

Outcomes of liver transplantation for Alagille syndrome after Kasai portoenterostomy: Alagille Syndrome with agenesis of extrahepatic bile ducts at porta hepatis

BackgroundAlagille syndrome (ALGS) is an autosomal dominant disorder, characterized by a paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts, resulting in significant cholestasis, and peculiar extrahepatic features. Some ALGS patients show a considerable overlap with biliary atresia (BA), and they can undergo Kasai procedure. The purpose of this study is to show the manifestations of BA overlapped ALGS cases in our institution, and to compare the outcomes of ALGS patients following liver transplantation (LT) between those who previously underwent Kasai surgery (ALGS-Kasai group) and those who did not (ALGS-non-Kasai group).MethodsMedical records of ALGS patients who underwent LT in Kyoto University Hospital, Japan from January 1992 to March 2018 were analyzed. ALGS diagnosis was determined according to physical, radiologic, and histopathological findings.ResultsThirty-one patients were ascertained (ALGS-Kasai: 4 males and 5 females vs. ALGS-non-Kasai: 14 males and 8 females, p = 0.43). Of 31 ALGS patients, 96.8% of children had pulmonary artery stenosis, 54.8% showed facial features, 29% revealed skeletal anomalies and 9.7% demonstrated ocular anomalies. The age at LT was significantly younger in ALGS-Kasai than ALGS-non-Kasai group (1.47 [interquartile range (IQR), 0.75–1.92] vs. 5.1 [IQR, 1.4–9.29] years; p = 0.038). Overall patient survival did not significantly differ between ALGS-Kasai (88.9%) and ALGS-non-Kasai patients (86.4%) (p = 0.84). Furthermore, the 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year patient survival rates for ALGS-Kasai group were 100%, 88.9%, and 88.9%, respectively, whereas those for ALGS-non-Kasai group were 90.9%, 90.9%, and 86.4%, respectively, with p-values of 0.36, 0.90, and 0.84, respectively.ConclusionsBA overlapped ALGS cases had neonatal progressive cholestasis which prompted Kasai procedure, and early liver dysfunction after Kasai led to performing LT. The ALGS-Kasai patients undergo LT at earlier ages than the ALGS-non-Kasai patients, however, overall patients' survival rates are similar between groups. Overall ALGS patients' survival rate after LT is considered high.Levels of EvidenceLevel III; Case–control study or Retrospective comparative study.     

术中出血对早期肝细胞癌病人围术期及预后的影响

目的 探讨早期肝细胞癌病人术中出血对病人围术期及预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2013年12月天津医科大学肿瘤医院行手术切除的222例早期肝细胞癌病人。根据ROC曲线分析,术中出血量≤200 mL的185例为A组,而出血量>200 mL的37例为B组。比较两组有无腹水及感染等并发症发生、住院时间,以及生存时间。结果 两组间在性别、年龄、术前血小板计数、术前凝血酶原时间、术前血清总胆红素水平及肿瘤数和直径等方面无统计学差异（P>0.05）。与出血量>200 mL的B组病人作比较,出血量≤200 mL A组病人的中位生存时间较长,住院时间较短,腹水和感染的发生率较少,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 对于早期肝细胞癌病人,术中大出血可能对围术期并发症发生及远期预后产生不良影响。术中仔细操作,减少出血量非常必要。     

2014-2018年ICU真菌血症病原菌分布及抗菌药物敏感性分析

目的:研究我院ICU科室真菌血症病原菌的分布特点和药敏结果,为真菌血症的临床诊断和抗菌药物治疗提供依据。方法:对我院2014-2018年,5年间ICU科室血培养分离酵母样真菌且符合真菌血症诊断标准的临床资料进行回顾性分析,应用WHONET 5.6软件对菌株分布和药敏结果进行统计。结果:ICU确诊真菌血症患者共129例,致病菌主要为近平滑念珠菌（59株,45.7%）、白色念珠菌（22株,17.1%）、光滑念珠菌（14株,10.9%）和热带念珠菌（12株,9.3%）。真菌血症以男性患者（72.1%）居多,好发于65岁及以上老年（64.3%）;重症医学科（55.8%）和老年病房ICU（20.2%）分离率较高。所有菌株对5-氟胞嘧啶和两性霉素B敏感性较高,对唑类药物出现不同程度耐药。结论:我院真菌血流感染以近平滑念珠菌为多见。光滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌、红酵母属对唑类药物的敏感性相对较低。推广质谱、分子生物学等快速鉴定技术,了解真菌血症病原菌对抗菌药物的敏感性,对ICU真菌血流感染患者的早期诊治和预后有着重要意义。     

外固定架在创伤骨科患者临床治疗中的应用效果研究

目的:对在创伤骨科患者的临床治疗中外固定架的应用及效果进行分析和研究.方法:选择我院在2014年8月-2018年12月期间收治的110例创伤骨科患者作为研究对象,按照患者病历单双号将其划分为2组,对照组55例,观察组55例.采用常规治疗方法对对照组予以治疗,采用外固定架对观察组予以治疗,对2组患者的治疗效果进行分析和比较.结果:对照组中有14例优,16例良,20例可,5例差,优良率为54. 5% ,观察组中有24例优,19例良,10例可,2例差,优良率为78. 2% .观察组的优良率明显高于对照组,2组患者相比差异显著(P<0. 05),有统计学意义.对照组的手术时间为(96. 3 ± 7. 1)分钟,术中出血量为(242. 7 ± 33. 8)ml,骨折愈合时间为(31. 4 ± 5. 8)天,观察组的手术时间为(56. 3 ± 10. 9)分钟,术中出血量为(130. 4 ± 23. 9)ml,骨折愈合时间为(16. 5 ± 4. 1)天.观察组的手术时间、术中出血量和骨折愈合时间均明显少于对照组,2 组患者相比差异显著(P<0. 05),有统计学意义.结论:采用外固定架治疗创伤骨科患者具有十分有效的效果,能够有效减少患者的手术时间和术中出血量,而且还可以加快其骨折愈合.     

锁定钢板治疗不同Neer分型肱骨近端骨折的疗效及生物力学恢复情况的评价

背景　肱骨近端骨折分为不稳定骨折与稳定骨折,目前随着社会科技的进步与发展,针对不同Neer分型肱骨近端骨折患者选择手术或保守治疗仍存在争议,而锁定钢板治疗相较于传统治疗方案具有成角固定、肩袖损伤程度小以及可尽早康复锻炼等优势。目的　探讨不同Neer分型肱骨近端骨折经锁定钢板治疗后的疗效并评价其生物力学恢复情况。方法　选取2012年7月—2018年5月在南方医科大学顺德医院就诊并接受治疗的肱骨近端骨折患者49例,经X线确诊,其中NeerⅡ型16例、NeerⅢ型16例、NeerⅣ型17例。记录患者手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间以及术后并发症等情况;术后6个月采用Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分评估患者肩关节功能,采用Neer肩关节功能评分法评价患肢功能。结果　患者手术均顺利完成,不同Neer分型肱骨近端骨折患者手术时间、术后并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;不同Neer分型肱骨近端骨折患者术中出血量、骨折愈合时间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后6个月不同Neer分型肱骨近端骨折患者Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;其中NeerⅢ型肱骨近端骨折患者Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分低于NeerⅡ型,NeerⅣ型肱骨近端骨折患者Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分低于NeerⅡ型和NeerⅢ型（P<0.05）。不同Neer分型肱骨近端骨折患者Neer肩关节功能评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示,Neer分型与术中出血量、骨折愈合时间呈正相关（r=0.894,P<0.001;r=0.783,P<0.001）;与术后Neer肩关节功能评分呈负相关（r=-0.431,P<0.001）。结论　肱骨近端锁定钢板在治疗NeerⅡ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型肱骨近端骨折时均具有较好的临床疗效及安全性,临床上治疗建议考虑锁定钢板治疗,但损伤基础直接影响了患者的术中出血量、术后骨折愈合时间及Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分情况,术后的治疗及康复需根据损伤基础,提高肩关节优良率。     

胃癌根治术病人围术期异体输血后外周血单核细胞CD40L表达的变化

目的 研究胃癌根治术病人围手术期异体输血外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)白细胞分化抗原40配体(CD40L)表达的变化。方法 胃癌根治术病人30例,随机分为3组,每组10例。A组围术期不输血,B组围术期输入去白细胞的全血,C组围术期输入异体全血。另选10例健康人作为对照。分别在手术前、术后2、5、10 d采外周静脉血5 ml,用Ficoll分离液梯度离心法分离出PBMCs和血浆,将PBMCs置于自身血浆环境中,并在植物血凝素(PHA,20 mg/L)的刺激下进行培养,48 h后收获细胞,用流式细胞术检测CD40L表达。结果 健康人外周血未受PHA刺激时检测不到CD40L的表达,经PHA刺激后CD40L 细胞占CD4 T细胞的百分数为1.7％±0.4％,与三组胃癌病人术前比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。与术前比较,B组术后2 d PBMCs CD40L表达升高(P<0.05),C组术后各时点升高(P<0.05);与A组比较,B组术后2 d升高(P<0.05),C组术后各时点升高(P<0.05);与B组比较,C组术后各时点升高(P<0.05)。结论 围手术期异体输血可造成免疫抑制,输异体血后CD40L表达增加,且输全血比输去白细胞的全血更明显。围手术期成分输血优于输注全血。