Yellow nail syndrome in infancy

Abstract: This report describes an infant with clinical features consistent with the yellow nail syndrome (YNS), a rare autosomal dominant disorder. He presented at birth with congenital lymphoedema and was referred at 6 months of age for investigation of recurrent cough and wheeze. He had clinical and radiological evidence of bilateral pleural effusions and a pericardial effusion. Following a lung biopsy and pericardial window these were shown to be manifestations of his lymphatic abnormality. He also had persisting middle ear effusions causing conductive deafness requiring hearing aids and secondary immunodeficiency requiring regular immunoglobulin infusions.     

恶性肿瘤患者甲床紫晕与舌下络脉变化的对比观察

甲床紫晕指甲半月远侧甲床上的紫色晕带,宽约2mm以上。伴指压反应延迟者,多见于肺癌、肺转移癌、肝癌、全身转移癌等重症肿瘤及肺心病、支气管哮喘及慢性支气管炎等阻塞性肺疾患,辨证均属血瘀证。铸型标本显示甲床有三级血管弓,第一级弓发出直行血管,血流为瀑布样直流,不易瘀滞;第二级弓发出的微血管互相交叉吻合形成网眼,血流变缓,其弓正当甲半月远侧,在气滞血瘀微循环障碍时易形成甲床紫晕。通过与吉下络脉同步观察,认为两者均可作血瘀证体征。     

缓降解聚酰胺可吸收髓内针治疗成人四肢长骨骨折

目的研究缓降解聚酰胺可吸收髓内针治疗成人四肢长骨骨折的临床应用效果。方法将48例四肢长骨骨折患者设为观察组,采用国产缓降解聚酰胺可吸收髓内针治疗,将同期50例四肢长骨骨折患者设为对照组,采用金属交锁髓内针治疗。术后定期随访,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、手术并发症、骨折愈合率及肢体功能评价结果。结果两组在手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间差异有统计学意义,观察组明显低于对照组(t=5.466,P=0.000;t=4.199,P=0.001;t=2.214,P=0.034);两组肢体功能评价结果差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.387,P>0.05);观察组未出现术中神经、血管副损伤、骨折不愈合及术后感染等并发症。结论国产缓降解聚酰胺可吸收髓内针治疗成人四肢长骨骨折疗效确切,手术创伤小,安全性高,免除二次手术,具有良好的临床推广和应用价值。     

交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干长节段粉碎性骨折

目的：阐明交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨干多节段粉碎性骨折的优越性和手术要点。方法：分析2000年6月-2004年12月26例胫骨干长节段粉碎性骨折使用交锁髓内钉固定的疗效和手术注意事项。手术采用闭合穿钉。有限切开复位．部分钢丝捆绑复位碎骨块．再用瞄准器镇定骨折远、近端。结果：26例均获得随访，随访平均时间16．5个月（6-60个月）。远期疗效按马元璋评定标准：优13例．良10例．可3例．优良率88．5％（23／26）．平均骨临床愈合时间5．5月．一期骨折愈合率达到80．8％（21／26）。仅1例髓内钉发生锁钉断裂。无深部感染、骨髓炎、畸形愈合、骨不连的发生。结论：交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干长节段粉碎性骨折较钢板有着微刨和更符合胫骨生物力学等优越性。本组骨折愈合率高．并发症少。认为是目前治疗胫骨干长节段粉碎性骨折的首选方法。     

交锁髓内钉治疗股骨胫骨骨折骨不连原因探讨

目的探讨股骨、胫骨骨折交锁髓内钉内固定后发生骨不连的原因及防治方法。方法对235例使用交锁髓内钉的股骨胫骨骨折病例进行回顾性分析,手术采用闭合、小切口或有限切开复位,用三维瞄准器锁定骨折远近端。结果235例随访189例196肢,平均随访15.2个月,股骨87例发生骨不连5例;胫骨109例发生骨不连8例。骨不连与骨折部位、手术方式、解锁时间有明显关系。结论应力遮挡和局部血供障碍是静力型交锁髓内钉所致骨不连的主要原因,术中尽量闭合复位和有限切开复位内固定及适时解锁可降低骨不连的发生。     

四肢长骨病理性骨折的治疗

目的分析石膏托和交锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨、肱骨、桡骨病理性骨折的疗效。方法30例病理骨折(26例骨折、4例临界骨折)采用交锁髓内钉治疗,9例采用石膏托外固定。6例良性病变行病灶刮除、自体和(或)异体骨移植;15例转移癌13例行病灶姑息切除、骨水泥填充加强,2例单纯闭合穿钉固定。结果6例良性病变患者获随访,骨折首次术后平均4.5个月愈合;因复发或内固定失败需再手术2例。15例转移癌获随访,疼痛缓解功能恢复满意。结论交锁髓内钉是治疗股骨、胫骨、肱骨病理性骨折理想的内固定物,外固定可缓解疼痛,但有关节僵硬等并发症。     

Irritant nail dermatitis of chemical depilatory product presenting with koilonychia

Chemical hair removal products are available as creams, gels, powders, aerosols and roll-ons and all of these forms work in the same way by breaking chemical bonds between sulfur atoms in the protein. Currently, the common active ingredients of these products are calcium thioglycolate, potassium thioglycolate, arsenic and sulfur minerals. Sulfur and arsenic containing products are important toxic chemicals which are mainly used for removing hair in developing countries. Irritant contact dermatitis accounts for 80% of all contact dermatitis reactions which are often occupation-related. Toluene sulfonamide, formaldehyde resin, acrylates and ethylcyanoacrylate are the most common irritants. Irritant nail dermatitis with plants has been well defined with Lobelia richardii flower, Compositae family and garlic. Although allergic dermatitis, irritant dermatitis and irritant nail dermatitis have been well demonstrated with chemicals, koilonychia is unusual presentation of irritant dermatitis. Here we describe a case of nail irritant dermatitis due to application of chemical depilatory product for hair removal presented with koilonychias. To our knowledge this is the first case of such presentation with koilonychia in the English literature.     

High incidence of screw penetration in the proximal and distal tibiofibular joints after intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures—A prospective cohort and mapping study

BackgroundIntramedullary-nails (IMN) are the treatment of choice for most tibial shaft fractures due to their minimally-invasive nature and non-demanding surgical technique. However, a potential iatrogenic pitfall is intra-articular interlocking screw positioning within the proximal (PTFJ) and distal (DTFJ) tibiofibular joints that may go unrecognized.ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of intra-articular screw penetration of the PTFJ and DTFJs after interlocking of IMN for tibial fractures.InterventionReamed IMN using modern techniques, including proximal interlocking via standard aiming jig and distal interlocking either freehand or using SureShot^®.MethodsProspective series of 165 consecutive patients with a tibial shaft fracture managed with an IMN. Diagnosis and incidence of penetration of the PTFJ and DTFJ was assessed on protocolled low-dose postoperative CT-scans (standardized clinical practice for assessing rotational alignment). The degree of penetration of the TFJ’s was graded as: Grade 1–slight breach of the tibial cortex; Grade 2–clear penetration of the tibial cortex with intra-articular screw tip; and Grade 3–penetration of both tibial- and fibular cortices with screw tip in fibula.ResultsOf the 165 tibial shaft fractures, using the AO/OTA classification, 69% were simple, 16% wedge and 15% complex fractures. Following IMN 42% of patients had intra-articular screw penetration of their PTFJ whilst 39% had penetration of their DTFJ. 66% of patients had penetration of either one- or both of their TFJs. The grading of PTFJ violation was distributed as follows: Grade 1 in 24 patients; Grade 2 in 26 patients and Grade 3 in 19 patients. DTFJ violation was graded as: Grade 1 in 21 patients; 40 patients had Grade 2 violation; and four patients had a Grade 3 penetration.ConclusionsThis diagnostic imaging study reports a high rate of intra-articular screw penetration of the PTFJ and DTFJ after interlocking of IMN for tibia shaft fractures. A prospective cohort study is underway to evaluate its clinical significance.Changes to enable alteration in forced angle of interlocking screw trajectory and avoidance of the anteromedial to posterolateral locking screw may reduce the incidence of TJF violation.Level of evidenceLevel II – Diagnostic Imaging Study     

Does an additional antirotation U-Blade (RC) lag screw improve treatment of AO/OTA 31 A1-3 fractures with gamma 3 nail?

IntroductionPoor bone quality and unstable fractures increase the cut-out rate in implants with gliding lag screws. The U-Blade (RC) lag screw for the Gamma3^® nail was introduced to provide monoaxial rotational stability of the femoral head and neck fragment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the use of the U-Blade (RC) lag screw is associated with reduced cut-out in patients with OTA/AO 31A1-3 fractures.Material & methodsBetween 2009 and 2014, 751 patients with OTA/AO 31A1-3 fractures were treated with a Gamma3^® nail at our institution. Out of this sample 199 patients were treated with U-blade (RC) lag screws. A total of 135 patients (117 female, 18 male) with standard lag screw (treatment group A) were matched equally regarding age (±4 years) sex, fracture type and location to 135 patients with U-blade (RC) lag screw (treatment group B). Within a mean follow up of 9.2 months (range 6–18 months) we assessed the cut-out rate, the calTAD, lag screw migration, the Parker's mobility score and the Parker’s ratio at postoperatively, six and 12 months following surgery. Furthermore we recorded all complications, ASA-Score, hospital stay and duration of surgery retrospectively.ResultsThe most common fracture among group B with a cut-out of the lag screw were AO/OTA 2.3 and 3.2 fractures whereas in group A cut-out was most commonly seen in AO/OTA 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 fractures, there was no significant reduction of the cut-out rate in group B 2.2% (n = 3) compared to group A 3.7% (n = 5). The duration of surgery was significantly shorter in group A (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in lag screw placement, the Parker’s ratio and mobilization.ConclusionIn our study the U-Blade (RC) lag screw did not reduce the cut-out in treatment of OTA/AO 31A1-3 fractures at all. Considering the longer duration of surgery and the higher costs of the U-Blade (RC) lag screw, our results do not justify its use. However, further prospective randomized studies will be necessary.     

微创交锁髓内钉技术治疗股骨干骨折的疗效分析

目的:探讨全闭合复位交锁髓内钉固定,配合股骨远端徒手锁钉技术治疗股骨干骨折的疗效。方法:采用全闭合复位髓内钉固定治疗股骨骨折,辅以股骨远端徒手锁钉技术治疗13例股骨干骨折患者,共18例股骨,男9例,女4例;左侧10例,右侧8例;年龄17-53岁,平均36.3岁。根据AO分型:A1型3例,A2型3例,A3型2例;B1型2例,B2型5例,B3型1例;C1型1例,C2型1例。记录手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视时间、术后近期并发症及术后住院时间等。结果:手术时间平均为60(45-135)min,出血量平均为155(50-280)ml。术中透视时间平均为95(50-170)s。无中转为切开复位内固定病例,平均住院时间为15(14-18)d。1例双股骨干骨折患者术后并发脂肪栓塞,治疗后痊愈。所有患者术后获6-18个月(平均10个月)随访,骨折临床愈合时间为5-11个月(平均8个月)。对膝关节功能评定按照Klemm功能恢复标准评价术后疗效,优14例,良4例,优良率100%。无明显的术后近期并发症。结论:全闭合复位徒手锁钉技术治疗股骨干骨折具有手术时间短、出血少、创伤小,患肢功能及骨折愈合快等优点,进一步发挥了交锁髓内钉优势,效果良好。