合肥市某社区脑卒中高危人群颈动脉内中膜厚度影响因素分析

目的 了解社区脑卒中高危人群颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）的影响因素,以期制定脑卒中早期干预策略。方法 通过入户筛查方式收集2017 年5~10月合肥市四里河社区40岁以上常住居民相关资料,共筛查出脑卒中高危人群762例,其中618例完成颈部血管超声检查,根据颈动脉IMT结果分为IMT正常组（213例）和IMT增厚组（405例）,比较两组一般情况及空腹血糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、血脂等实验室检查结果,并记录两组存在高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、心房颤动或心脏瓣膜病、吸烟、很少进行体育锻炼、明显超重或肥胖及脑卒中家族史等情况,采用 logistic 回归法分析脑卒中高危人群发生IMT增厚的影响因素。结果 IMT增厚组相对于IMT正常组男性占比较高且年龄相对较大（P<0.05）, IMT增厚组糖尿病暴露率高于IMT正常组（P<0.05）,IMT增厚组收缩压、FPG、HbA1c、Hcy水平高于IMT正常组（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄（OR=1.099）、收缩压（OR=1.018）、HbA1c（OR=1.457）和Hcy（OR=1.027）是脑卒中高危人群颈部IMT增厚的危险因素,女性为保护因素（OR=0.598）。IMT增厚组的心脑血管病危险因素数目高于IMT正常组（P<0.05）。结论 性别、年龄、收缩压、HbA1c和Hcy与脑卒中高危人群IMT增厚密切相关,控制上述危险因素,有助预防动脉粥样硬化的发生及进展。     

Histological changes in the umbilical artery following severe chorioamnionitis and funisitis may be indicative of early atherosclerosis

We investigated whether histological evidence of early atherosclerosis was present in the umbilical artery of 21 pregnancies complicated by severe perinatal inflammation, and 21 controls matched for gestational age, sex and birth weight. Severe chorioamnionitis with funisitis was associated with increased numbers of CD68 and CD45 positive cells (both P < 0.01), indicating accumulation of monocyte-derived macrophages in lesion-susceptible regions. A down-regulation of SMA expression (P = 0.01) was also observed. These preliminary findings suggest that chorioamnionitis with funisitis may promote changes in the intima and media of the umbilical artery similar to that seen in early atherosclerosis.     

Coronary artery calcification, serum lipids, lipoproteins, and peripheral inflammatory markers in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether coronary artery calcification (CAC), elevated fasting lipids, and lipoproteins and peripheral inflammatory markers are present in insulin-dependent diabetic adolescents and young adults several years after diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: Hispanic insulin-dependent diabetics (n = 32) diagnosed a mean of 7.8 +/- 4.5 years ago (range, 3 to 16 years), with a mean glycosylated hemoglobin concentration at the time of the study of 8.8% +/- 2.3% and a mean chronological age of 16.1 +/- 4.4 years, were evaluated. Healthy patients (n = 15) with a chronological age (CA) of 15.2 +/- 2.2 years served as control subjects. CAC was assessed by multiple slice computed tomography, and total CAC score in Agatston units was calculated. Fasting lipids, C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein (Apo) A, Apo B, and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) concentrations were measured in all subjects. RESULTS: Neither adolescents with type 1 diabetes nor healthy control subjects presented with evidence of CAC. Fasting lipids, Apo A, Apo B, CRP, and MMP-9 concentrations were similar between diabetic subjects and control subjects. However, 34.4% and 25.0% of our type 1 diabetic subjects had elevated total and LDL cholesterol levels (>200 and >130 mg/dL, respectively), whereas 15.6% and 28.1% had elevated triglyceride and Apo B concentrations (>150 mg/dL and >100 mg/dL, respectively). In addition, 28.1% and 34.4% presented with elevated CRP and MMP-9 levels (>2 mg/L and >80 ng/mL, respectively). Total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, Apo B, CRP, and MMP-9 concentrations correlated positively with duration of the disease and with glycosylated hemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Although the study adolescents with type 1 diabetes did not present any radiologic evidence of CAC at this stage of the disease, they remain a high-risk group for the development of microvascular and macrovascular artery disease, as risk factors such as elevated lipoproteins and proinflammatory markers are already present in a significant percentage of patients studied.     

脂蛋白磷脂酶A2在颈动脉粥样硬化患者中的临床应用价值

目的 探讨血浆脂蛋白磷脂酶A2(lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2,Lp-PLA2)在颈动脉粥样硬化患者中的临床应用价值.方法 用ELISA法检测132例颈动脉粥样硬化患者(Crouse斑块积分Ⅰ级34例,Ⅱ级31例,Ⅲ级32例,Ⅳ级35例;稳定斑块组85例,不稳定斑块组47例)、129例正常健康对照者血浆Lp-PLA2水平,用高分辨超声测定颈动脉粥样硬化患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(intima-media thickness,IMT),分析颈动脉粥样硬化患者Lp-PLA2水平与IMT、Crouse斑块积分间的相关性.结果 颈动脉粥样硬化组的血浆Lp-PLA2水平(249.44±19.62 ng/mL)、IMT(1.68 ±0.19mm)明显高于正常对照组(151.63±11.89 ng/mL,P＜0.01;0.53 ±0.04 mm,P＜0.01);Crouse斑块积分I级Lp-PLA2水平(189.51±14.20 ng/mL)、IMT(1.45 ±0.14mm)与Ⅱ级Lp-PLA2水平(206.27±14.93 ng/mL,P＞0.05)、IMT(1.51±0.16mm,P＞0.05)的水平差异无统计学意义,Crouse斑块积分Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级与Ⅳ级以及Ⅲ级与Ⅳ级Lp-PLA2、IMT的水平差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.01或P＜0.05).颈动脉粥样硬化患者中不稳定斑块组血浆Lp-PLA2水平(263.12±17.60ng/mL)、IMT(1.87 ±0.20mm)高于稳定斑块组(225.31±15.47 ng/mL,P＜0.05;1.59±0.17mm,P＜0.05);单因素相关性分析显示,IMT与Lp-PLA2呈正相关(r=0.391,P＜0.05).结论 Lp-PLA2水平与IMT、Crouse斑块积分呈正相关,具有较好的临床应用价值.     

Aortic velocity propagation: A novel echocardiographic method in predicting atherosclerotic coronary artery disease burden

BackgroundThe major burden of cardiovascular disease mortality around the globe is due to atherosclerosis and its complications. Hence its early detection and management with easily accessible and noninvasive methods are valuable. Aortic velocity propagation (AVP) through color M-mode of the proximal descending aorta determines aortic stiffness, reflecting atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to find the utility of AVP in predicting coronary artery disease (CAD) burden assessed through SYNTAX (SYNergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXus and cardiac surgery) score and compared with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), which is an established surrogate marker of atherosclerosis.MethodsIn this cross-sectional comparative study, we measured AVP by color M-mode and CIMT by using Philips QLAB-IMT software in 100 patients, who underwent conventional coronary angiogram (CAG) between May 2013 and November 2014. Coronary artery disease is considered significant if >50% diameter stenosis is present in any epicardial coronary artery and insignificant if otherwise.ResultsInitially, to know the normal range we measured AVP and CIMT in 50 patients without any major risk factors for CAD but CAG was not done. Aortic velocity propagation ranged from 46 cm/s to 76 cm/s (mean = 58.62 ± 6.46 cm/s), CIMT ranged from 0.50 mm to 0.64 mm (mean = 0.55 ± 0.03 mm). Among 100 patients who underwent CAG we found 69% had significant CAD, 13% had insignificant CAD, and 18% had normal coronaries. Those with significant CAD had significantly lower AVP (41.65 ± 4.94 cm/s) [F (2,97) = 44.05, p < 0.0001] and significantly higher CIMT (0.86 ± 0.11 mm) [F (2,97) =35.78, p < 0.0001]. AVP had significant strong negative correlation with CIMT (r = −0.836, p < 0.0001, n = 100) and SYNTAX score (r = –0.803, p < 0.0001, n = 69), while CIMT was positively correlated with SYNTAX score significantly (r = 0.828, p < 0.0001, n = 69).ConclusionsAVP and CIMT can predict CAD burden in a robust way. AVP may emerge as an exquisite bedside tool to predict atherosclerotic burden and guide in implementing preventive therapy for cardiovascular disease.     

阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者颈动脉内中膜厚度的影响

目的 观察阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者颈动脉内中膜厚度的影响.方法 选择本院心内科收治的59例冠心病合并粥样硬化患者,将其随机分成两组,对照组（26例）患者接受阿司匹林、硝酸甘油等治疗;治疗组（33例）患者在对照组治疗的基础上,口服阿托伐他汀治疗.分别在入院前、用药6周及2年后测量患者内中膜最薄及最厚处的变化.结果 治疗前及治疗6周后两组患者最薄处与最厚处内中膜比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗2年后,治疗组患者内中膜最薄处与最厚处与治疗前比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;但对照组患者治疗2年后,内中膜最薄处与最厚处均明显增厚（P＜0.05）.结论 在对冠心病患者治疗中,阿托伐他汀有着明显的稳定斑块、减缓粥样硬化发展的作用.     

Arterial intima-media thickening and endothelial dysfunction in obese Chinese children

We studied ultrasonographic signs of early atherosclerosis in relation to established risk factors of cardiovascular disease in 43 obese school-age children compared to 28 non-obese controls. The groups did not show significant differences in age, gender ratio and body height. Mean carotid intima-media-thickness (IMT), carotid haemodynamic parameters, flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery (FMD), and biochemical markers of dyslipidaemia were measured and correlated. IMT was significantly increased (0.62 mm vs. 0.46 mm, P <0.001) and FMD was markedly reduced (10.9% vs. 18.8%, P <0.001) in the obesity group. Differences in IMT and FMD persisted after adjustment for Body Mass Index (BMI) and blood pressure on ANCOVA. BMI was highly associated with increased IMT ( r =0.58, P <0.01) and reduced FMD ( r =-0.42, P <0.01), as were blood levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and Apo B. Conclusion:Childhood obesity seems to contribute to the development and progression of early atherosclerosis, particularly in combination with hypertension and dyslipidaemia. In order to prevent coronary atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular complications, it is vital to control obesity starting from childhood. Ultrasonography of the arterial wall may be used in a clinical setting to identify high-risk patients among severely obese children.     

超声造影评价颈总动脉内中膜厚度的研究

目的 探讨超声造影在颈总动脉前、后壁内中膜厚度(IMT)测定中的应用价值.方法 在二维和超声造影模式下,观察颈总动脉前、后壁内中膜显示清晰程度,分别测量颈总动脉内径,前、后壁IMT值.结果 造影后颈总动脉前壁内中膜显示满意率有明显提高(P＜0.01);造影前、后颈总动脉后壁内中膜显示满意率没有明显差异(P＞0.05);造影后颈总动脉内径值大于造影前颈总动脉内径值(P＜0.05);造影后前壁IMT值大于造影前前壁IMT值(P＜0.01);造影后后壁IMT值小于造影前后壁IMT值(P＜0.01).结论 超声造影可以明显提高颈总动脉前壁内中膜显示满意率.     

依那普利叶酸片对“H型”高血压患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度和凝血-纤溶功能指标的影响

目的探讨依那普利叶酸片对"H型"高血压患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)和凝血-纤溶功能指标的影响。方法选取2009年6月—2013年8月我院就诊的"H型"高血压患者786例,将其随机分为两组,依那普利叶酸治疗组(依那普利叶酸10 mg∶0.8 mg/次,1次/d)391例和依那普利治疗组(依那普利10 mg/次,1次/d)395例,疗程均为24个月。观察两组治疗前、治疗后12个月和24个月同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、IMT以及相关凝血-纤溶指标〔包括血浆纤维蛋白原(Fg)、血管性假血友病因子(vWF)、抗凝血酶Ⅲ抗原(AT-ⅢAg)、D-二聚体(D-D)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物抗原(t-PA Ag)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)〕的变化。结果治疗12个月和24个月,依那普利叶酸治疗组Hcy、IMT、D-D、PAI-1及IMT低于依那普利治疗组(P0.05),t-PA Ag高于依那普利治疗组(P0.05)。结论依那普利叶酸片治疗"H型"高血压,在降Hcy的同时能明显抑制IMT增厚,改善部分凝血-纤溶功能。     

高龄老年患者动脉及心脏结构与功能变化

目的评价高龄老年患者动脉及心脏结构、功能变化。方法老年高血压或糖尿病患者分为两组,高龄组：80岁及以上,119例;老年组：60—79岁,78例。分别检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）、冠状动脉钙化积分（CS）、动脉脉压（PP）;心脏超声检测室间隔厚度（IVS）、左室室壁厚度（LVPW）、舒张末期左心室内径（LVDd）、收缩末期左心室内径（LVDs）、收缩末期左心房前后径（LAD）、左室质量（LVM）、左室质量指数（LVMI）、左室射血分数（EF）、左心室舒张早期二尖瓣最大血流速度E峰及舒张晚期二尖瓣最大血流速度A峰比值（E／A）。结果高龄组冠脉钙化总积分（TCS）、右冠脉钙化积分（CSRCA）、IMT、PP、LVPW较老年组增高（P〈0．01）,E／A较老年组下降（P〈0．05）。结论老年期随增龄颈动脉内膜增生及左室肥厚进一步加重;高龄老人心脏舒张功能明湿下降,但对收缩功能影响不大;增龄导致的冠状动脉钙化更易侵犯右冠脉。