健康人群心血管超声结构和功能及血脂的增龄性变化

目的探讨健康人群心血管超声结构和功能及血脂的增龄性变化,进一步阐明动脉硬化发生机制,以指导老龄人群动脉硬化的早期防治。方法从沈阳市、大连市和北京市中心筛选健康居民852人,依据年龄分为4组:≤44岁组205人,45～59岁组241人,60～74岁组254人,≥75岁组152人。检测血压和血脂,心脏超声测定各房室腔径、左心室舒张末和收缩末容量、左心室射血分数及升主动脉径等41项指标;B型超声检测颈总动脉内膜中膜厚度、双侧颈总动脉血流参数等14项指标。结果采用|r|≥0.25,P≤0.01作为同时序年龄相关变量入选标准,经相关分析发现,脉压、颈总动脉内膜中膜厚度、颈总动脉内径、二尖瓣A峰前壁值、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白与时序年龄呈线性正相关(r分别为0.521、0.425、0.258、0.17、0.274和0.181,P均<0.01),二尖瓣E峰侧壁值和高密度脂蛋白与时序年龄呈线性负相关(r为-0.25和-0.251,P<0.05)。结论脉压、颈总动脉内膜中膜厚度、颈总动脉内径是影响健康人颈动脉结构、各血流参数的独立因素;颈总动脉内膜中膜厚度增厚是动脉硬化的早期改变;总胆固醇是动脉硬化的重要危险因素。     

微量白蛋白尿与2型糖尿病患者臂踝脉搏波传播速度和颈动脉内中膜厚度的关系

2型糖尿病微量白蛋白尿者（MAU）42例,正常白蛋白尿者118例。MAU组年龄较大,血压、臂踝脉搏波传播速度（baPWV）和颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）均较高（P均〈0.05）,MAU正相关于baPWV和IMT（r分别为0.58、0.56）,校正相关参数后多因素分析显示,仅MAU与baPWV和IMT独立相关。MAU与2型糖尿病的动脉粥样硬化相关。     

老年人非酒精性脂肪性肝病与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的：非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）和颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）是老年人的常见病,本研究进一步探讨老年人中非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）与颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）的关系及临床意义。方法：根据超声检查结合病史将研究对象划分为老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病组和老年正常肝脏组,检查收缩压、舒张压、空腹抽血化验包括空腹血糖（GLU）、血胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）等;超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）和颈动脉粥样斑块情况。结果：老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病组的甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）明显高于非脂肪肝组（P〈0.05）;非酒精性脂肪性肝病组的颈动脉内膜中层厚度与非脂肪肝组存在显著差异（P〈0.05）,但是,在颈动脉粥样斑块发生率（%）方面,两组之间差异无统计学意义。结论：老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病与颈动脉内膜中层增厚密切相关。     

血尿酸与2型糖尿病颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性分析

目的 探讨T2DM患者SUA水平与颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）的关系. 方法 纳入T2DM患者1411例,根据有无CAS将其分为颈动脉粥样硬化（A）组和非颈动脉粥样硬化（B）组,比较两组间的临床资料.并以颈动脉内膜-中层厚度（IMT）为因变量,以其他指标为自变量对合并后两组进行Spearman相关分析和Logistic回归分析. 结果 A组IMT、SUA、TG水平高于B组（P＜0.05）.Lo-gistic回归分析结果显示,SUA水平与IMT增厚相关（r=0.131,OR：1.021,95％CI：1.003～1.205）.结论 T2DM患者SUA水平升高是CAS的独立危险因素.     

Genetic epidemiology and genome-wide linkage analysis of carotid artery ultrasound traits in multigenerational African ancestry families

Objective

Intima-media thickness, adventitial diameter and lumen diameter are indicators of cardiovascular disease risk. The influence of genetic factors on these measures in African ancestry populations is not well defined. Therefore, we estimated heritability and performed genome-wide linkage analysis of carotid ultrasound traits in 7 multigenerational families of African ancestry.

Methods

A total of 395 individuals (7 pedigrees; mean family size = 56; 2392 relative pairs) aged ≥18 years had a common carotid artery ultrasound scan. Statistical analyses were conducted using pedigree-based maximum likelihood methods.

Results

Significant covariates included age, sex, body mass index or height and waist, and systolic blood pressure. Residual heritabilities ranged from 0.35 ± 0.10 to 0.64 ± 0.12 (P < 0.0001). We identified a novel quantitative trait locus for adventitial and lumen diameters on chromosome 11 (max LOD = 4.09, 133 cm).

Conclusion

Further fine mapping of this region may identify specific mutations predisposing to subclinical vascular disease among African ancestry individuals.     

Cardiovascular Parameters Correlated with Metabolic Syndrome in a Rural Community Cohort of Korea: The ARIRANG Study

Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and the development of atherosclerosis, consensus is still lacking on the status of cardiovascular function and geometry in MetS patients. We investigated the relation between MetS and left ventricle (LV) geometry and function, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and arterial stiffness in a community-based cohort of 702 adult subjects. Subjects were categorized into three groups according to the number of MetS components present, as defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines: 1) Absent (0 criteria), 2) Pre-MetS (1-2 criteria) or 3) MetS (≥3 criteria). In female subjects, LV mass, LV mass/height^2.7, deceleration time, and aortic pulse wave velocity increased, and E/A ration decreased in a stepwise manner across the three groups. These changes were not observed in male subjects. The mean carotid IMT was higher in the MetS group than in the other two groups. The degree of MetS clustering is found to be strongly correlated with geometric eccentricity of LV hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction and arterial changes irrespective of age and blood pressure status, particularly in females. Waist circumference is found to have the most powerful effect on cardiovascular parameters.     

颈动脉粥样硬化对冠心病的预测价值

目的：研究超声检测颈动脉粥样硬化对冠心病的预测价值。方法：应用彩色多普勒超声仪观察230例冠心病患者与41例非冠心病患者颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度（IMT）、斑块形成情况和斑块积分。结果：颈动脉IMT与斑块发生率和斑块积分在冠心病组明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：超声检查颈动脉硬化可在一定程度上反映冠状动脉粥样硬化情况,可帮助评估预后。     

福建地区2型糖尿病患者脂联素基因启动子区多态性与颈动脉内膜中层厚度有关

目的 探讨脂联素基因启动子区-11377位点单核苷酸多态性与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CIMT)之间的关系.方法 采用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)技术在504例2型糖尿病患者(CIMT正常组254例,CIMT增厚组250例)中检测脂联素基因-11377位点多态性,同时检测血脂、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素及血清脂联素水平.结果 脂联素基因-11377C→G基因型和等位基因频率在CIMT正常组与CIMT增厚组的分布有显著性差别(P相似文献   

Markers of inflammation, thrombosis and endothelial activation correlate with carotid IMT regression in stable coronary disease after atorvastatin treatment

Background and aimsMIAMI is a prospective multicenter clinical study designed to investigate the relationship between changes in carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) and changes in circulating markers of inflammation, thrombosis and endothelial activation in stable coronary patients treated for 20 ± 3.7 months with 20 mg/day atorvastatin.Methods and resultsEighty-five subjects had their C-IMT, blood lipids and soluble markers measured at baseline, at the 12th month and at the end of the study. Almost all soluble markers decreased upon treatment except for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-18 (IL-18), tissue factor pathway inhibitor-free (TFPI-free) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules-1 (sVCAM-1) which did not change significantly, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) which increased. sCD40L, fibrinogen, tissue factor pathway inhibitor-total (TFPI-total), soluble intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (sICAM-1), sE-selectin, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) changed significantly even after application of the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Changes in lipids did not correlate with C-IMT regression either when considered singly or when combined in a lipid score. Changes in soluble markers correlated poorly with C-IMT regression when analyzed singly, but strongly when combined in relevant composite scores (inflammation/coagulation score, endothelial activation score, soluble markers score and total score).ConclusionIn patients with stable coronary artery disease treated with moderate doses of atorvastatin, carotid IMT regression correlated with changes of inflammation, thrombosis and endothelial activation profiles.     

血管内皮功能与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的内皮功能失调是动脉粥样硬化的发病机制之一。但是目前在正常人群中内皮功能失调其和动脉硬化的关系还不很清楚。本研究探讨正常低危人群中颈动脉内膜厚度(IMT)和血管内皮功能以及相关危险因素的关系。方法在163位正常体检者中检测颈动脉内膜厚度和肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能,随访24个月后再次测定以上指标后进行比较和统计学分析。结果在正常人群基线水平的颈动脉内膜厚度和年龄、收缩压水平以及低密度脂蛋白水平相关,在24个月的随访中,颈动脉内膜厚度只和血管内皮舒张功能相关。结论在正常人群中血管内皮功能和颈动脉内膜厚度增加相关,在正常人群中筛查血管内皮舒张功能异常有助于对动脉粥样硬化开展早期干预。