非酒精性脂肪性肝病痰瘀证与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系探讨

目的探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝病痰瘀证与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的关系,为非酒精性脂肪性肝病痰瘀证提供有益的辨证参数。方法对80例经B超诊断的非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者进行中医痰瘀辨证分型,并行颈动脉内膜中层厚度检测。结果痰证30例,瘀证30例,无证可辨20例;54例IMT增厚者中,中/重度脂肪肝患者占88.9%,痰瘀证占83.3%,显著高于IMT正常组者的38.5%和57.8%(P0.01);非酒精性脂肪性肝病组和40例健康对照组腰围分别为[(93.34±8.43)cm和(78.51±6.73)cm,P0.01];BMI分别为[(26.48±3.52)和(22.67±2.34),P0.01];DBP分别为[(79.29±9.14)mm Hg和(74.74±9.13)mm Hg,P0.01];FBG分别为[(5.80±1.51)mmol/l和(4.98±0.51)mmol/l,P0.01];HOMA-IR分别为[(3.60±2.26)和(1.80±1.56),P0.01];TG分别为[(2.71±2.97)mmol/l和(0.93±0.4)mmol/l,P0.01];TC分别为[(5.20±1.27)mmol/l和(4.84±0.6)mmol/l,P0.01];UA分别为[(399.76±89.35)mmol/l和(326.3±67.09)mmol/l,P0.01];ALT分别为[(83.77±82.76)U/l和(18.0±7.72)U/l,P0.01];AST分别为[(50.30±39.34)U/l和(21.88±4.47)U/l,P0.01];GGT分别为[(73.76±104.34)U/l和(18.63±13.55)U/l,P0.01];IMT分别为[(1.19±0.75)mm和(0.71±0.25)mm,P0.01];非酒精性脂肪性肝病瘀证组和无证可辨组TG分别为[(4.79±3.97)mmol/l和(0.84±0.23)mmol/l,P0.05];TC分别为[(5.63±1.4)mmol/l和(4.35±1.33)mmol/l,P0.05];IMT分别为[(1.25±0.14)mm和(0.84±0.12)mm,P0.05];LDL-C分别为[(2.9±0.84)mmol/l和(2.51±0.89)mmol/l,P0.05],痰证组TG分别为[(1.66±0.29)mmol/l和(0.84±0.23)mmol/l,P0.05];TC分别为[(5.19±0.92)mmol/l和(4.35±1.33)mmol/l,P0.05];LDL-C分别为[(3.21±0.74)mmol/l和(2.51±0.89)mmol/l,P0.05];多因素回归分析提示FBG(OR:5.48,95%CI:1.39~21.61)、TG(OR:1.14,95%CI:1.14~12.82)、BMI(OR:1.20,95%CI:1.02~1.42)、年龄(OR:1.02,95%CI:1.01~1.03)、痰瘀证(OR:1.10,95%CI:1.03~1.17)是非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者动脉IMT增厚或斑块形成的独立危险因素。结论颈动脉内膜中层厚度与脂肪肝中医痰瘀证型及脂肪肝程度有关,可作为脂肪肝中医痰瘀辨证分型的一种辅助客观指标。     

主动脉缩窄矫治术后血管结构与功能的随访研究

目的 探讨主动脉缩窄矫治术后近、中期血管结构与功能改变.方法 选取20例确诊主动脉缩窄(CoA)并行手术矫治的患儿(CoA组),其中单纯性主动脉缩窄6例,复合性主动脉缩窄(合并其他心内畸形)14例;同期20例单纯室间隔缺损(VSD)患儿(VSD组)作对照,均于术前至术后1年监测血压,超声下颈总动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)和肱动脉血流介导的血管舒张功能(FMD).20例健康儿童(健康组)进行1年的随访.结果 术前、术后1个月、术后6个月、术后1年3组均无高血压临床表现.CoA组的颈总动脉IMT[(0.47±0.10) mm,(0.49±0.10) mm、(0.57±0.07) mm、(0.61±0.07)mm]均高于同期的VSD组[(0.41±0.11) mm,(0.43±0.11) mm,(0.51±0.08) mm,(0.55±0.08) mm]与健康组[(0.40±0,09) mm、(0.42±0.11) mm、(0.50±0.08)mm、(0.57±0.08) mm],差异均有统计学意义,P＜0.05.CoA组的肱动脉FMD[(5.46±1.51)％、(5.71±1.88)％、(5.42±1.69)％、(5.27±1.02)％]均明显低于VSD组[(6.69±1.45)％、(6.66±1.21)％、(6.81±1.03)％、(6.43±1.34)％]和健康组[(6.59±1.84)％,(6.84±1.41)％、(6.91±1.31)％、(6.56±1.62)％],差异均有统计学意义,P＜0.05.而上述两个指标在VSD组与健康组之间均差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.结论 主动脉缩窄矫治术后患儿仍存在血管结构和内皮功能异常,提示手术纠治主动脉缩窄后血管损害持续存在,可能是主动脉缩窄矫治术后患儿心血管疾病发生率高于健康儿童的原因.     

冠心病高危人群颈动脉内中膜离散度变化及相关因素

目的 探讨冠心病高危人群颈动脉内中膜厚度的离散度变化及相关影响因素.方法 利用计算机自动识别技术,以每一像素为长度,自动计算出颈动脉内中膜厚度的最大值( CIMT-max)、均值( CIMTmean)、标准差(CIMTSD)并与各种高危因素进行相关分析.结果 CIMTmax、CIMTmean、CIMTSD在高危组分别为(0.810±0.101)、(0.631±0.090)、(0.091±0.070)mm,在对照组分别为(0.704±0.099)、(0.557±0.063)、(0.045±0.014) mm;CIMTmax在0.6、0.7、0.8mm 时,高危组CIMTSD分别为(0.059±0.029)、(0.100 ±0.068)、(0.073.±0.018)mm,对照组分别为(0.041±0.015)、(0.050±0.013)、(0.042±0.013)mm; CIMTmean在0.50 ～0.69 mm时,高危组CIMTSD分别为(0.069±0.021)、(0.084±0.055) mm,对照组分别为(0.045±0.011)、(0.050±0.017) mm (P＜0.05);CIMTSD与血清超敏C-反应蛋白、甘油三脂、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白,收缩压、舒张压、吸烟等危险因素的相关性较CIMTmax、CIMTmean更好.结论 CIMTSD比CIMTmax、CIMTmean更能反映早期动脉粥样硬化.     

原发性高血压患者血清脂联素水平的变化及其与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的 探讨血清脂联素在原发性高血压(EH)发病中的作用及与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的关系.方法 60例EH患者(EH组)和30例健康体检者(对照组)为研究对象,60例EH组患者根据《中国高血压防治指南(2005年)》中血压的分级标准分为三个亚组,1级EH组、2级EH组、3级EH组,每组20例.采用双抗体夹心ABC-酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测血清脂联素水平,采用全自动生化仪测定血脂水平,采用彩色多普勒超声仪测定颈动脉IMT.结果 与对照组比较,EH组及1、2、3级EH组血清脂联素水平降低[(3.94±1.28)、(5.25±1.69)、(4.01±1.27)、(2.56±0.87)mg/L比(7.63±2.50) mg/L],颈动脉IMT增加[(1.30±0.42)、(0.94±0.30)、(1.32±0.44)、(1.65±0.51)mm比(0.69±0.22) mm],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);且EH各亚组间两两比较,随着血压水平升高,血清脂联素水平逐渐降低,颈动脉IMT逐渐增加,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与对照组比较,EH组及1、2、3级EH组血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平上升[TC:(6.53±2.09)、(5.14±1.66)、(6.59±2.20)、(7.86±2.42) mmol/L比(4.17±1.32)mmol/L;TG:(2.15±0.69)、(1.72±0.55)、(2.07±0.69)、(2.65±0.82) mmol/L比(1.38±0.44) mmol/L; LDL-C:(3.78±1.21)、(3.12±1.01)、(3.74±1.25)、(4.48±1.38)mmol/L比(2.46 ±0.78) mmol/L],HDL-C水平下降[(0.96±0.31)、(1.39±0.45)、(0.85±0.28)、(0.64 ±0.20) mmol/L比(1.69±0.54) mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);且EH各亚组间两两比较,随着血压水平升高,血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平上升,HDL-C水平下降,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血清脂联素水平与颈动脉IMT呈显著负相关(r=-0.435,P＜0.01),与血脂(TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C)水平有相关性(P＜0.01).结论 脂联素在EH的发生和发展过程中起着重要作用,并与颈动脉IMT的增厚和血脂代谢紊乱密切相关,顽固性EH患者增加降血脂药物可能会提高降血压治疗的疗效.     

血清脂联素水平与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内中膜厚度变化关系的研究

目的 探讨血清脂联素水平与2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)变化之间的关系.方法 应用酶联免疫法测定140例IMT≤1 mm的T2DM患者及80例正常对照者的血清脂联素水平,糖尿病组在生活方式干预的基础上,给予抗血小板聚集、强化血糖、血压、血脂治疗,随访12个月后重新测定IMT,按IMT分为两组(DM1组IMT≤1 mm,DM2组IMT＞1 mm),分析血清脂联素水平与IMT变化之间的关系.结果 (1)T2DM组血清脂联素水平低于对照组(6±3 vs 13±7 mg/L, P＜0.01).(2)DM1组与DM2组相比较,腰臀比(0.90±0.07 vs 0.93±0.05,P=0.024)、HDL-C(1.28±0.36 vs 1.11±0.22 mmol/L, P=0.013)、血清脂联素水平(6.07±3.31 vs 4.06±2.71mg/L, P=0.003),差异均有统计学意义.(3)Logistic回归分析显示,血清脂联素含量降低、年龄增长、HDL-C降低是T2DM患者IMT增厚的危险因素.结论 低血清脂联素水平是T2DM患者动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素.     

Impaired endothelial progenitor cell function predicts age-dependent carotid intimal thickening

Objectives  We investigated whether qualitative or quantitative alterations of the endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) pool predict age-related structural vessel wall changes. Background  We have previously shown that age-related endothelial dysfunction is accompanied by qualitative rather than quantitative changes of EPCs. Animal studies suggest that impaired EPC functions lead to accelerated arterial intimal thickening. Methods  Intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured in the common carotid artery in our previously published groups of younger (25 ± 1 years, n = 20) and older (61 ± 2 years, n = 20) healthy non-smoking volunteers without arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs, KDR⁺/CD34⁺ and KDR⁺/CD133⁺) were counted in peripheral blood using flow cytometry. In ex vivo expanded EPCs, the function was determined as chemotaxis to VEGF, proliferation, and survival. Results  We observed thicker IMT in older as compared to younger subjects (0.68 ± 0.03 mm Vs. 0.48 ± 0.02 mm, P < 0.001). Importantly, there were significant inverse univariate correlations between IMT, EPC chemotaxis, and survival (r = −0.466 P < 0.05; r = −0.463, P < 0.01). No correlation was observed with numbers of circulating EPCs. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, mean arterial pressure and migration of EPCs were independent predictors of IMT (R ² = 0.58). Conclusion  Impaired EPC function may lead to accelerated vascular remodeling due to chronic impairment of endothelial maintenance. Returned for 1. Revision: 13 December 2007 1. Revision received: 16 June 2008 Returned for 2. Revision: 20 June 2008 2. Revision received: 17 July 2008     

颈动脉内中膜厚度及斑块与冠心病的关系

目的 通过对颈动脉内中膜厚度(intima-media thickness, IMT)及斑块检出,探讨颈动脉硬化与冠心病(CHD)的相关性.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声成像仪对149例疑似冠心病者测定IMT及对斑块分级,并通过冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查分为冠心病组99例和非冠心病组50例,比较两组间颈动脉IMT、斑块指数及颈动脉斑块检出率.结果 冠心病组颈动脉IMT(t=2.578)、斑块指数(t=3.182)显著高于非冠心病组(P＜0.01);冠心病组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率较非冠心病组明显增高.结论 颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与冠心病密切相关,是及早预测冠心病的一个较好指标.     

Atherosclerotic burden in coronary and peripheral arteries in patients with first clinical manifestation of coronary artery disease

The aim of our study was to assess the atherosclerotic burden in patients with the first symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD). The study population consisted of 100 consecutive patients (new-onset severe angina or myocardial infarction) and 70 age- and sex-matched volunteers without symptoms of CAD. Functional and morphologic atherosclerotic markers were sought in carotid, brachial, and femoral arteries of all subjects by means of high-resolution ultrasonography while coronary arteriography was performed in the CAD patients only. A total of 347 coronary lesions, 230 (66%) of them obstructive, were discovered in the CAD patients as well as 105 peripheral plaques, of which 26 (25%) were obstructive. The mean percent diameter stenosis of the culprit coronary lesion was 83.8% ± 15.8%, the mean vessel score 1.7 ± 0.8 (range 0–3), the mean stenosis score 19.8 (range 1.5–89.0), and the mean extent score 49.1% (range 10%–65%). Endothelium-dependent vasodilation, as assessed by the brachial flow-mediated response (FMR), was reduced by 50% in the CAD patients (P < 0.001 vs controls); it was also observed in carotid and femoral arteries by the cold pressor test. Furthermore, endothelium-independent vasodilation was significantly impaired in all investigated peripheral arteries of the CAD patients (P < 0.05–0.001 vs controls). Intima-media thickness (IMT) was increased in the carotid arteries of the CAD patients by 43%, in brachial arteries by 20%, and in femoral arteries by 57% (P < 0.01–0.001 vs controls). Decreased FMR or increased carotid IMT were found to be independent risk factors for the CAD, and they correlated with the coronary vessel and extent scores. Peripheral atherosclerosis was more developed in older patients but was similar in patients with different clinical presentation. Hyperlipidemia, a positive family history, and smoking were associated with premature CAD. In conclusion, the atherosclerotic process was quite advanced in coronary as well as peripheral arteries of our patients with the first clinical presentation of CAD. Received: February 1, 2002 / Accepted: May 24, 2002 Correspondence to A. Cerne     

新诊断2型糖尿病强化治疗对血管内中膜厚度及内皮功能的影响

对140例病程小于1年的2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者进行强化治疗，治疗1年后根据血压（BP）、血脂、血糖达标情况分组比较，发现BP达标组血流介导的扩张和硝酸甘油介导的扩张均优于未达标组；血糖、血脂是否达标对这些指标无明显影响；无论BP、血糖、血脂是否达标，对血管内中膜厚度无显著影响。因此，强化BP治疗可延缓新诊断T2DM患者内皮扩张功能的恶化。     

降压治疗对高龄原发性高血压患者颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度的影响

目的探讨降压治疗对高龄原发性高血压患者颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)的影响。方法选择我院年龄≥80岁的原发性高血压患者65例,其中血压控制组35例(血压<140/90mmHg),血压未控制组30例(血压≥140/90mmHg),经彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测定两组患者IMT,观察两组患者IMT情况。结果血压未控制组IMT(1.0±0.4)mm,较血压控制组(0.8±0.2)mm明显增厚,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论降压治疗可延缓或逆转高龄原发性高血压患者颈总动脉粥样硬化发展。