Is colonic electrical activity a similar phenomena to small-bowel electrical activity?

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate colonic spike bursts regarding 1) their migration behavior, 2) their pressure correlates, and 3) comparing colonic short spike bursts with spike bursts from migrating myoelectric complex from the small bowel. METHODS: Rectosigmoid electromyography and manometry were recorded simultaneously in seven normal volunteers and electromyography alone in five others during two hours of fasting and for two hours after one 2,100-kJ meal. One patient with an ileostomy was also studied by the same method to record the migrating myoelectric complex from the terminal ileum during fasting. RESULTS: Three kinds of spike bursts were observed in the pelvic colon: rhythmic short spike bursts, migrating long spike bursts, and nonmigrating long spike bursts. The meal significantly increased the number of migrating and nonmigrating long spike bursts (from 25 to 38.7 percent of the recording time; P <0.01). These bursts of potentials showed a peak 15 minutes after the meal, which may be caused by the gastrocolic reflex. Migrating long spike bursts started anywhere along the rectosigmoid and migrated from there aborad 82 percent of the time and orad or in both directions in 10 or 7 percent of the time, respectively. They originated pressure waves 99 percent of the time. Short spike bursts were more frequent before the meal (15.1 percent before and 9.6 percent after the meal), but the difference was not significant; they neither propagated nor initiated pressure waves detected by the miniballoon. CONCLUSIONS: Migrating long spike bursts were the only potentials that migrated, sometimes for short distances. Short spike bursts are a different phenomenon from the small-bowel migrating myoelectric complex because they do not migrate; they can occur during the postprandial period and never originated intraluminal pressure waves.Supported by a grant from the Instituto Nacional de Investigação Científica, Proc. DBI-22086.Presented at the meeting of the Portuguese Congress of Gastrenterology, Vila Moura, Portugal, June 2 to 5, 1993.     

460例胃癌纤维胃镜活检标本的病理观察

本文分析了460例胃癌胃粘膜活检资料,结果:男:女为2.36:1:51～60岁年龄组发病率最岛(37.17％);发生部位以胃窦部最多见,占46.74％;组织学分类以低分化腺癌最多,占51 52％;在伴随病变中,畅化生的检出率为21.74％,胃腺囊为35％,胃粘膜上皮异型增生为32.61％。本组材料提示,不完全性大肠型肠化生、异型胃腺囊及胃粘膜中度以上异型增生与胃癌有密切关系。     

慢传输性便秘结肠阿片受体的病理生理改变

目的探讨慢传输性便秘(STC)的发病机制和病理生理改变。方法应用放射配体结合分析法,检测患者结肠mu、kappa阿片受体,观察其含量变化。结果STC患者结肠mu阿片受体的最大结合数(Bmax)和解离常数(KD)比正常对照组明显增加(Bmax400.950比96.304pmol,KD431.314比179.839pmol);kappa阿片受体含量检测亦有类似结果(Bmax:375.073比45.264pmol,KD485.407比141.016pmol)。结论STC患者阿片受体含量增加,内源性阿片肽活性增加。提示采用阿片受体拮抗剂可能是治疗STC的一个新途径。     

急性梗阻的左半结肠癌Ⅰ期切除吻合体会

目的探讨左半结肠癌急性梗阻Ⅰ期切除吻合的Ⅰ临床应用价值。方法对1988年1月至2006年12月24侧实施左半结肠癌急性梗阻Ⅰ期切除吻合手术患者的资料进行回顾性总结。结果24例均未发生吻合口漏，仅3例发生切口感染，经局部换药处理Ⅱ期愈合。结论积极的术前准备、术中彻底的肠减压能为左半结肠癌急性梗阻Ⅰ期切除吻合提供安全保证.     

Internal Hernias: Clinical Findings,Management, and Outcomes in 49 Nonbariatric Cases

Internal hernia, the protrusion of a viscus through a peritoneal or mesenteric aperture, is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction. We report the clinical presentation, surgical management, and outcomes of one of the largest series of nonbariatric internal hernias. Ten-year retrospective review of patients at our institution yielded 49 cases of internal hernias. Majority of patients presented with symptoms of acute (75%) or intermittent (22%) small bowel obstruction. While 16% of CT scans were suspicious for internal hernia, in no cases the preoperative diagnosis of internal hernia was made. The most frequent internal hernias were transmesenteric (57.0%) and 34 hernias (69%) were caused by previous surgery. All internal hernias were reduced and the defects were repaired. Compromised bowel was present in 22 cases and 11 patients underwent small bowel resection. The mean postoperative hospitalization was 10.9 days. The overall mortality rate from our series is 2%, and the morbidity rate is 12%. Transmesenteric hernias, as complications of previous surgeries, are the most prevalent internal hernias. Preoperative diagnosis of internal hernia is extremely difficult because of the nonspecific clinical presentation. However, if discovered promptly, internal hernias can be repaired with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Poster presentation at Digestive Disease Week, May 22, 2006, Los Angeles, California, USA.     

术后早期肠内营养对食管癌患者肠黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的 探讨食管癌患者术后早期施行肠内营养支持对胃肠道黏膜屏障的保护作用. 方法术前3个月内体重下降超过患病前体重20%的食管癌患者56例,按所给营养方法不同分为肠内营养组(n=30)和肠外营养组(n=26),观察两组患者的临床结果,分别于术后第1、4和8天测定两组患者尿乳果糖与甘露醇的比值、血浆内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、胃泌素和谷氨酰胺水平. 结果肠内营养组患者术后体重减轻较少,感染性并发症发生较少(P<0.01,0.05).术后第4天和8天,肠内营养组尿乳果糖与甘露醇比值、血浆内毒素和TNF较肠外营养组低(P<0.01),胃泌素、谷氨酰胺较肠外营养组高(P<0.01). 结论食管癌患者术后早期肠内营养对肠道黏膜屏障功能具有一定的保护作用,有可能减少术后感染性并发症的发生.     

梗阻性左半结肠癌I期切除吻合术的探讨

目的探讨急性梗阻性左半结肠癌I期切除、吻合的可行性。方法采用术中肠管切开减压，近远端肠管顺行灌洗，I期肿瘤切除、吻合。结果15例患者除1例吻合口瘘经引流冲洗后治愈，余病例全部I期愈合。结论左半结肠癌引起肠梗阻，严格掌握手术适应证，合理围手术期处理，术中肠管减压、灌洗及术后扩肛，I期切除吻合术是安全可取的。     

大肠癌术后早期肠梗阻的临床特点和治疗

目的：探讨大肠癌术后早期肠梗阻的诊断与治疗。方法：回顾分析在肠癌手术412例术后早期肠梗阻29例的临床资料。结果：20例经手术探查发现以机械性梗阻占多数（18/20)，手术治愈18例；死亡2例，死亡原因均为延误手术时机造成；非手术治愈9例。结论：大肠癌术后早期肠梗阻虽有梗阻症状，但由于术后诸多因素的影响，大多缺乏典型机械性肠梗阻的临床表现。处理中先进行适当时间的非手术治疗，无缓解者再手术。     

血清磷、肌酸激酶及其同工酶的测定在肠梗阻诊断中的应用

肠梗阻是临床常见的急腹症，绞窄性肠梗阻的死亡率可高达４５％～３０％，我们自１９９５年８月至１９９７年４月共收治肠梗阻５３例，其中单纯性肠梗阻２８例，经手术证实为绞窄性肠梗阻２５例（其中肠坏死８例），在治疗前均测定血清磷、肌酸激酶及其同工酶，其结果：本组病例中血清磷升高者１４例，其中以８例肠坏死为显著，肌酸激酶及其同功酶的升高也以绞窄性肠梗阻为明显，其中又以发病时间在４８小时以内者和８例肠坏死者为著，因此，我们认为：血清磷、肌酸激酶及其同工酶的测定可以作为判断肠管是否发生绞窄及坏死的辅助诊断指标