CT引导下经皮穿刺臭氧消融治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺椎间盘内、外注射臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效.方法 在CT导向下经皮穿刺盘内注射医用臭氧(60 mg/L)5～10 ml、盘外(椎间孔)注射医用臭氧(40 mg/L)10 ml治疗腰椎间盘突出症38例.结果 38例随访6个月,按照改良MacNab疗效评定标准进行评定:优15例,良21例,差2例,优良率94.5%.结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺臭氧注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症具有定位准确、操作简单、疗效确切、并发症少等优点.     

推拿手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的概况

腰椎间盘突出症(以下简称LDH)广泛采用推拿按摩、正骨手法治疗.由于推拿、按摩、牵引、正骨手法治疗LDH的方法,类型、流派很多.下面就一些主要、常用的核心手法分别叙述.     

水通道蛋白3在人正常椎间盘中的表达

目的 观察水通道蛋白-3(aquaporin-3)在人正常椎间盘中的表达及分布.方法 收集10例青年人因腰椎骨折行椎间融合手术摘除的正常椎间盘样本,运用免疫组织化学、逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、 Western blot检测AQP3在椎间盘中的表达及分布.结果 免疫组织化学显示AQP3表达于椎体软骨终板类软骨细胞,髓核和纤维环未见表达;RT-PCR显示AQP3 mRNA在椎体软骨终板及髓核组织有表达;Western blot检测显示椎间盘组织在29×103左右有一特异性条带.结论 AQP3在人正常椎间盘中的表达及分布提示其可能参与椎间盘内液体平衡,对维持椎间盘组织的正常生理功能、在椎间盘退变的发病机制中可能有重要作用.     

腰椎间盘突出症非手术治疗的护理进展

腰椎间盘突出症患者约80%～90%采用非手术治疗后病情好转或被治愈.而非手术治疗的方法也多种多样,我们根据病情及个体差异采取相应的护理对策,在治疗前、治疗中、治疗后做好心理疏导,稳定情绪,指导合理饮食、防御外邪及正确演示、教会患者各阶段各种功能锻炼的方法与技巧,帮助患者养成良好的健康习惯,对于恢复健康、防止复发有着重要意义.护理质量的高低,直接影响病人疾病的康复.近几年来,随着医疗水平的不断发展,护理也在不断地探索新方法,为使患者早日回归社会,提高患者的生活质量让我们护理人员共同努力.     

A critical evaluation of discography in patients with lumbar intervertebral disc disease

STUDY DESIGN: The study is a prospective observational study of 48 continuous patients with symptomatic lumbar degenerative disk disease. Each patient underwent discography, MRI, and a biochemical analysis of disk lavage fluid. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to correlate concordant pain on discography with MRI grade and biochemical markers of inflammation in a clinical setting. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The pathophysiology of degenerative disk disease is complex. Discography is used to differentiate symptomatic from asymptomatic levels. MRI is used to image changes in disk water content. Biochemical assays have identified molecular markers of inflammation. To date, no study has correlated concordant pain on discography with MRI findings and biochemical markers. METHODS: Forty-eight (48) continuous patients with symptomatic lumbar degenerative disk disease gave informed consent for study entry. Patient sex, age, insurance, work status and visual analog score (VAS) were recorded. MRI was obtained and Pfirrmann grading was performed by a single spine surgeon. Discography with disc lavage was performed by a single anesthesiologist. Lavage samples were tested for inflammatory markers with high resolution multi-plex bead immunoassays and ELISA with >5 pg/ml resolution. RESULTS: None of demographic variables was significantly related to concordant pain on discogram by chi-squared tests and Mann-Whitney U-test. The Pfirrmann score was significantly different for patients with and without concordant pain at L3-L4 (p<0.001), but was insignificant at other levels after multitest correction. Pfirrmann scores were significantly different at any level in patients with and without concordant pain. VAS scores were not significantly correlated with opening pressures at any level. Despite the presence of serum proteins in the disk lavage fluid, none of the tested inflammatory mediators was identified by multi-plex bead immunoassays and ELISA. CONCLUSIONS: There are only weak correlations between demographic, discogram, and radiographic variables. Response to discogram cannot be predicted by non-invasive means. The disk lavage method was unable to identify the presence of specific inflammatory peptides with multi-plex immunoassays and ELISA.     

一个新的椎间盘源性坐骨神经疼痛动物模型的建立

目的吸取以往神经根性疼痛动物模型的优缺点，模拟临床椎间盘突出的病理形式，建立一个新的坐骨神经痛动物模型。方法取大鼠自体尾部椎间盘组织放置在L5神经根下，造成对L5神经根的直接压迫，术后不同时间点测定大鼠后足底机械刺激疼痛阈值的变化。根据行为学结果检测脊髓背角伤害性刺激标记物c—fos蛋白的表达，并与行为学结果相对照。结果术后实验组大鼠后足底产生了一个长时程机械痛觉敏感性的升高，3周时达到峰值，然后逐渐恢复。3周时相应脊髓背角浅层中出现了c—fos蛋白的表达。结论新建立的椎间盘源性坐骨神经痛动物模型在病理机制上与临床腰椎间盘突出的产生过程相似，并且此模型能够产生一个长时程的机械痛觉过敏，因此这一模型适于用来研究临床腰椎间盘突出所致的坐骨神经痛的机制。     

Effects of compressive loading on biomechanical properties of disc and peripheral tissue in a rat tail model

Intervertebral disc degeneration induced by mechanical compression is an important issue in spinal disorder research. In this study, the biomechanical aspect of the rat tail model was investigated. An external loading device equipped with super-elastic TiNi springs was developed to apply a precise load to the rat tail. By using this device, rat tail discs were subjected to compressive stress of 0.5 or 1.0 MPa for 2 weeks. Discs in the sham group received an attachment of the device but no loading. After the experimental period, first the intact tail with peripheral tissues (PT) such as tendon and skin and then the retrieved disc without PT were subjected to a uniaxial tension–compression test; biomechanical characteristics such as range of motion (ROM), neutral zone (NZ), and hysteresis loss (HL) were evaluated. Furthermore, the load-bearing contribution of PT in the intact tail was estimated by comparing the load–displacement curves obtained by the mechanical tests performed with and without PT. The experimental findings revealed that the continuous compressive stress induced reduction in disc thickness. The intact tail demonstrated decreases in ROM and NZ as well as increases in HL. On the other hand, the retrieved disc demonstrated increases in ROM, NZ, and HL. Further, a significant increase in the load-bearing contribution of PT was indicated. These findings suggest that the load-bearing capacity of the disc was seriously deteriorated by the application of compressive stress of 0.5 or 1.0 MPa for 2 weeks.     

Cauda equina syndrome in a 32-year-old woman following an L5-S1 central lumbar disc herniation

A 32-year-old woman with a history of chronic low back pain, hypertension, and urinary retention presented to the emergency department with left hip pain radiating to the posterior thigh, medial leg, and foot. Three days after admission, she developed cauda equina syndrome (CES) with decrease in left leg strength and sensation, as well as urinary and rectal incontinence. She was found to have a midline and left paracentral L5–S1 disc herniation on MRI and was taken to the operating room, where an L5–S1 hemilaminectomy and discectomy was performed. Her function improved almost immediately, and continued to improve after discharge from the hospital. In this report, we present a review of the literature on CES and focus on the relation between timing of surgery after the onset of CES and functional outcome.     

高低位腰椎椎间盘突出症患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态变化

目的 比较高位与低位腰椎椎间盘突出症（LDH）患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态学差异，探讨脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态学参数异常与高位LDH发生的关系。方法 纳入2006年1月—2022年1月收治的高位LDH患者53例（高位组），同时期性别、年龄和体质量指数（MBI）匹配的低位LDH患者53例（低位组）及单纯下腰部疼痛的非LDH患者53例（对照组）。在站立位全脊柱侧位X线片上测量3组矢状面平衡（SVA）、胸椎后凸角（TK）、腰椎前凸角（LL）、腰骶前凸角（LSL）、骶骨倾斜角（ST）、骨盆入射角（PI）、骨盆倾斜角（PT）、骶骨倾斜角（SS）等脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数。结果 高位组SVA、TK明显高于对照组，LL、ST、PI、PT及SS明显低于对照组；高位组TK明显高于低位组，LL、ST及PI明显低于低位组；差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。高位组L₁/L₂节段患者的LL、ST较L₂/L₃节段患者有下降趋势，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 骨盆水平化导致的胸腰段过度代偿可能是高位LDH发生、发展的机制之一。