Understanding Employee Awareness of Health Care Quality Information: How Can Employers Benefit?

Objective. To analyze the factors associated with employee awareness of employer-disseminated quality information on providers.
Data Sources. Primary data were collected in 2002 on a stratified, random sample of 1,365 employees in 16 firms that are members of the Buyers Health Care Action Group (BHCAG) located in the Minneapolis–St. Paul region. An employer survey was also conducted to assess how employers communicated the quality information to employees.
Study Design. In 2001, BHCAG sponsored two programs for reporting provider quality. We specify employee awareness of the quality information to depend on factors that influence the benefits and costs of search. Factors influencing the benefits include age, sex, provider satisfaction, health status, job tenure, and Twin Cities tenure. Factors influencing search costs include employee income, education, and employer communication strategies. We estimate the model using bivariate probit analysis.
Data Collection. Employee data were collected by phone survey.
Principal Findings. Overall, the level of quality information awareness is low. However, employer communication strategies such as distributing booklets to all employees or making them available on request have a large effect on the probability of quality information awareness. Employee education and utilization of providers' services are also positively related to awareness.
Conclusions. This study is one of the first to investigate employee awareness of provider quality information. Given the direct implications for medical outcomes, one might anticipate higher rates of awareness regarding provider quality, relative to plan quality. However, we do not find empirical evidence to support this assertion.     

玉米赤霉烯酮对细胞间隙连接通讯的影响

目的 了解真菌性雌激素玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)对细胞间隙连接通讯(GJIC)的影响。方法 用荧光漂白后恢复(fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching，FRAP)技术，在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下观察ZEA对HaCaT细胞GJIC功能的影响。结果 ZEA在0．1μmol/L对HaCaT细胞的GJIC没有明显影响，但在I—100μmol/L浓度下都有明显的抑制作用。ZEA不能有效地拮抗TPA引起的GJIC抑制。结论 ZEA在1μmol/L以上就能抑制GJIC功能，提示它在一定条件下可能有促癌作用。     

珠海市职业高中学生人际间暴力的相关因素分析

目的了解高中学生人际间暴力的现状、发生原因及危险因素,为有效防控校园暴力提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法对586名珠海市职业高中学生进行问卷调查。结果被调查的学生在12个月内,有286人遭受人际间暴力,总发生率为48.81%,其中语言暴力占44.82%,躯体暴力占38.22%,性暴力占16.96%。年龄相仿的同校男生是主要的施暴者,其次为教职工;校外是主要的施暴场所,其次是校内;最主要的施暴原因是无缘无故即兴所为,其次与恋爱有关;暴力事件对学生的影响从无到身心健康严重受损均存在。报复是主要的应对方式。同学是主要的倾诉对象。男生、学习差、本地户口、家庭结构不完整、激惹他人是主要的危险因素。结论珠海市职业高中学生人际间暴力问题严重,必须尽快采取有效措施予以预防和控制。     

谈日语二外教学中实际运用能力的培养

学习外语的第一目的是与人交流，二外亦是如此。特别是当前中国经济快速发展，对日语人才的需求越来越大的环境下，如何提高日语二外学习者的语言实际运用能力成为一个重要课题。结合笔者的实践，本文着重从听、说以及跨文化交际三方面探讨了日语实际运用能力的培养。     

不同分化胃癌细胞系中间隙连接蛋白的表达

目的探讨间隙连接蛋白（Cx）Cx26、Cx32、Cx43、Cx45在转化的人胃细胞系（GES-1）、胃高分化腺癌细胞系（N87）和胃低分化腺癌细胞系（BGC-823）中的表达及其与胃癌发生、发展的关系。方法采用间接免疫荧光方法检测Cx26、Cx32、Cx43、Cx45在不同分化程度胃癌细胞株中的表达，并分析该蛋白表达与胃癌发生、发展的关系。结果在不同分化胃癌细胞株中。Cx26、Cx32、Cx43、Cx45表达呈现1个由高水平到低水平表达直至无表达的梯度分布，既Cx26、cx32、Cx43、Cx45在GES-1中高水平表达，在N87表达减少，在BGC-823中无表达，并且表达部位有差异。结论Cx26、Cx32、Cx43、Cx45的表达与胃癌细胞的分化关系密切，在胃癌的发生、发展中有一定作用。     

医学影像存储与传输系统存储模式的探讨

目的 探讨医学影像存储与传输系统中的存储介质、结构，提高图像存储容量及调用速度。方法PACS采用三级（在线、近线、离线）存储结构；利用硬盘、多服务器磁盘阵列、磁带库等作为存储介质，支持影像数据的短期存储管理和长期存储管理；采用冗余存储技术和镜像存储方式；提供定时自动备份和数字迁移功能。结果成功地实现了医学图像在网络中的存储、备份及调用。结论PACS中的三级存储模式大大提高了图像的存储容量及调用速度，提高了工作效率。     

用于存储传输和分析的12导联同步心电图标准化系统的设计

不同厂商生产的心电图机输出的数据格式不同,这给数据的传输、交换和分析造成了很大的障碍。作者旨在建立基于web的用于心电图数据存储、传输和分析的各医院门诊之间统一的心电图标准化系统。把心电图机输出的文件(标准心电图协议格式SCP)中记录头文件采集到设计的标准数据库,实现了对不同品牌心电图机心电图存储和分析功能。     

双边互动优化有机化学教学过程

通过调动学生积极性、利用多媒体教学、让学生参与教学活动、改进考试方法、给学生创造一个能发挥学习能动性的环境,从教学的每一个环节激发学生求知欲、培养学生学习兴趣。教学是师生的双边活动,是教师教和学生学的互动过程,这个过程既是传授知识的过程,也是发展和培养学生能力的过程。     

The quality of communication between parents and adolescent children in the case of parental cancer.

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to investigate: (i) parent-adolescent communication in families of cancer patients; (ii) relationships between parent-adolescent communication and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in adolescent children; and (iii) associations between parents' illness characteristics and parent-adolescent communication. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 212 adolescents completed the Impact of Event Scale and Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale. RESULTS: Adolescents communicated less openly with mothers with cancer than controls with mothers; this was the only significant difference with the reference group. Daughters communicated more openly with ill parents than with healthy parents. More open communication with healthy parents was related to fewer PTSS in daughters. More problem communication with both parents was related to more PTSS in both sons and daughters. Sons reported more problems in communication with ill parents in case of more intensive treatment or recurrent disease. Daughters experienced less open communication with both parents when ill parents received more intensive treatment. Time since diagnosis was not related to parent-adolescent communication. Multivariate analyses showed that communication patterns specifically affected PTSS of daughters. Problem communication with the healthy parent was the strongest predictor of intrusion while problem communication with the ill parents was the strongest predictor of avoidance. CONCLUSIONS: Parent-adolescent communication in families of cancer patients differs little from that in families not confronted with parental cancer. Problem communication outweighed lack of openness with respect to development of PTSS. Recurrent disease and intensive treatment regimens affected parent-adolescent communication negatively.