下腔静脉损伤的救治经验：附12例报告

目的: 探讨下腔静脉损伤的修复方法。方法:对12例下腔静脉损伤患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:闭合性损伤9例，开放性损伤3例。入院时均伴有休克。均诊断为腹腔内脏损伤，无1例诊断为下腔静脉损伤。12例均手术治疗，直视下修复5例，大网膜填塞后肝实质大块褥式缝合2例，纱布填塞5例。术后并发症7例（58.3%）：胆漏1例，隔下脓肿合并反应性右侧胸腔积液2例，创伤性肝囊肿1例，腔静脉血栓形成1例，大出血2例；死亡3例，病死率25.0%。 结论:腔静脉损伤病情凶险，处理困难，病死率高，改良的全肝血流阻断下行纱布填塞止血效果好，抢救成功率高，值得推广。     

肢体创伤性动脉病变的介入诊断与治疗

目的 评价介入放射方法诊断治疗肢体创伤性动脉病变的效果。方法 8例肢体动脉创伤伴有远端肢体缺血改变，其中2例伴大出血，伤者接受了选择性患肢动脉造影检查；7例随后进行了动脉病变的血管腔内介入治疗。治疗方法包括动脉分支或主干栓塞、动脉内溶栓和血管内支架置放。结果 血管造影精确显示了动脉破裂、假性动脉瘤、血栓形成或动脉内膜损伤等病变性质。3例假性动脉瘤、3例动脉血栓病变综合应用介入治疗方法取代外科手术获得满意疗效。1例溶栓后证实动脉破裂和1例造影证实动静脉瘘后转手术治疗。结论 介入放射与外科方法相结合能明显提高肢体动脉创伤的诊断治疗水平，有效挽救伤者肢体和生命。     

Anatomical Course of the Superficial Branch of the Radial Nerve and Clinical Significance for Surgical Approaches in the Distal Forearm

Abstract 10 embalmed cadaver forearms and wrists were dissected to determine the anatomical course of the superficial branch of the radial nerve in the distal forearm. The superficial radial nerve bifurcated in two branches at a mean of 54,7 mm proximal to the radial styloid. From the styloid process of the radius, the mean distance to the closest dorsal branch of the superficial radial nerve was 3,5 mm and the mean distance to the closest volar branch was 9,8 mm. The mean distance between the closest branch of the superficial radial nerve and Lister?s tubercle was 16,4 mm. The crossing point between the nerve and the cephalic vein was located at a mean of 54,3 mm proximal to the styloid process. At the level of styloid process the mean distance between the closest dorsal branch of the superficial radial nerve and the first dorsal compartment was 15,2 mm and between the closest volar branch and the first dorsal compartment 4,4 mm. Detailed knowledge of anatomic characteristics of the superficial branch of the radial nerve may help prevent injury during operations and treat traumatic lesions of the nerve. Because of great variations in the course of the superficial radial nerve we could not define an absolute safe zone for surgical procedures on the distal forearm. Iatrogenic lesions of the superficial radial nerve are described complications of percutaneous procedures. Therefore open surgical approaches are recommended. Daniela Klitscher and Lars Peter Müller contributed equally to this work.     

半导体激光穴位照射与药物治疗急慢性关节损伤的疗效比较

目的探讨低功率半导体激光对急慢性关节损伤的治疗作用.方法1999年至2004年急慢性关节损伤的患者240例,随机分为两组,各120例,激光组采用低功率半导体激光治疗仪照射痛点;对照组口服活血止痛胶囊,外用沈阳红药膏治疗.结果两周后的疗效比较.激光组有效率为85.0%,痊愈率为44.2%;对照组有效率为71.7%,痊愈率为20.8%;差异有显著意义.激光组中,急性关节损伤的患者痊愈率为52.9%,慢性关节损伤患者的痊愈率为32.7%,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05)有效率,差异无显著性意义.结论低功率半导体激光对急慢性关节损伤,尤其是急性小关节损伤有很好的疗效.     

Permanent prostate brachytherapy for Japanese men: Results from initial 100 patients with prostate cancer

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the initial results of brachytherapy for prostate cancer with permanent iodine-125 implant in Japan. METHODS: The results obtained with brachytherapy in the initial 100 Japanese patients treated at Nagano Municipal Hospital were reviewed. Patients with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of less than 10 ng/mL and a Gleason's scores of 5, 6, 3 + 4 were classified as having a low risk of recurrence. Patients with a PSA level of 10-20 ng/mL and/or a Gleason's score of 4 + 3 were classified as having an intermediate risk for recurrence. Seventy-eight of the low-risk patients and 19 of the intermediate-risk patients were treated by seed implants alone, or seed implants combined with preceding external radiation, respectively. A total of 53 patients received neoadjuvant hormone therapy. The efficacy and morbidity of brachytherapy were investigated using the serum PSA, International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life score and uroflowmetry data. RESULTS: The average V100 and D90 obtained by post-implant dosimetry was 94.3 and 113.7%, respectively. Serum PSA decreased gradually after treatment, although it had still not reached a nadir after 1 year. There was little difference of the PSA level between the patients with and without neoadjuvant hormone therapy even at 1 year after seed implantation. There were no PSA biochemical failure or clinical recurrence during the follow-up period. Voiding symptoms worsened until 3 months after treatment, and then gradually improved. Acute urinary retention occurred transiently in one patient (1%). Rectal bleeding and severe diarrhea did not occur. CONCLUSION: Brachytherapy is a feasible and effective option for the treatment of prostate cancer in Japanese men. Brachytherapy may have a different effect in Japanese patients with respect to voiding symptoms. Urinary retention was rare, but voiding symptoms were persistent in Japanese patients. Neoadjuvant hormone therapy deserves investigation to determine whether it can achieve better results, especially in patients with an intermediate risk.     

延迟一期修复外周神经损伤38例报告

目的 探讨应用显微外科技术延迟一期修复四肢外周神经损伤的治疗体会。方法 应用显微外科技术延迟一期修复各种原因所致的四肢外周神经损伤38例41条，手术方法包括神经瘢痕松解、神经直接缝合术等。结果 术后随访6个月～7年，平均33个月，优良率为81．6％。结论 对失去一期修复手术治疗机会的周围神经损伤患者应尽早行延迟一期手术，可取得较好疗效。     

肿瘤坏死因子及中性粒细胞在脊髓继发性损伤中的作用

目的 探讨炎性反应对脊髓损伤细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法 健康Wistar大鼠48只。随机分为2组，实验组与对照组。采用Allen法挫伤大鼠T10节段脊髓，于术后1、8h和1、2、3、7d取材。检测肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）与髓过氧化物酶水平的变化。结果 实验组肿瘤坏死因子与髓过氧化物酶水平均明显升高（P〈0．01）。结论 中性粒细胞及TNF-α参与了脊髓继发性损伤，并可能是触发迟发性神经元凋亡的重要因素之一。     

抑肽酶对长期低温保存兔肺的保护作用的研究

目的 :探讨抑肽酶对长期低温保存兔肺保护作用。方法 :应用离体兔肺缺血再灌注模型 ,15只白兔随机分为三组 (抑肽酶组、对照组 1、对照组 2 ) ,抑肽酶组和对照组 1用Euro -Collins液进行肺灌洗和低温保存(10℃ ,2 4h)后 ,以新鲜兔血离体灌注 30min。抑肽酶组在兔血中加入抑肽酶 (2 5万KIU) ;对照组 1不用抑肽酶。对照组 2取自正常兔肺 ,不进行肺灌洗和保存。灌注中测定肺动脉氧差 (△PO2 ) ,肺动脉压 (PAP) ,灌注完毕取肺电镜观察微观结构。应用TUNEL(末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶 (TdT)介导的dUTP缺口末端标记 )技术检测肺细胞凋亡情况。结果 :与对照组 1比较 ,抑肽酶组的动静脉氧差较大 (2 0min时差异显著 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,肺动脉压较低 (P <0 .0 5 )。电镜观察对照组 1肺结构破坏重。细胞凋亡检测显示对照组 1细胞凋亡数目高于抑肽酶组 (P =0 .0 0 18)和对照组 2 (P =0 .0 0 0 1) ,抑肽酶组细胞凋亡数目高于对照组 2 (P =0 .0 0 0 )。结论 :抑肽酶对于长期低温保存的兔肺有保护作用。细胞凋亡可作为评价肺移植后保护效果的指标之一。     

健侧C7移位至桡神经治疗全臂丛神经根性撕脱伤改良术的解剖学基础

目的寻求健侧C7神经根移位治疗全臂丛神经根性撕脱伤手术中尺神经与桡神经的最佳吻合部位。方法在10具20侧福尔马林固定的成人尸体上肢标本上观察桡神经及其肱三头肌肌支的解剖学特征;尺神经的解剖学特征;尺神经不同水平与对侧颈根部的距离。结果桡神经从后侧束发出部位到发出肱三头肌长头的第一支肌支之间的距离为(8.2±1.4)cm,从发出长头的第一个肌支部位到外侧头最后一个肌支发出部位之间的距离为(4.8±0.7)cm。尺神经肘部以上几乎无分支,尺神经在发出部位的直径为(6.7±0.6)mm;在肘部的直径为(6.3±0.5)mm;在腕部的直径为(4.0±0.4)mm;从锁骨下尺神经发出部位到肘部的长度为(29.0±2.6)cm;从锁骨下尺神经发出点到对侧颈根部的距离为(18.0±1.8)cm。结论健侧C7神经根移位修复桡神经,尺神经与桡神经的最佳吻合部位是锁骨下区,在此部位吻合不但能保证肱三头肌功能恢复,而且大大缩短桥接神经的长度。     

2 294名军人伤害住院情况分析

目的：对某区部队伤害住院患者进行流行病学特征分析，提出预防建议。方法：应用各医院上报军区统计中心的数据库资料进行分析。结果：意外损伤、军事训练伤、交通伤和烧烫伤是导致部队伤害住院的四大主要因素。伤害主要发生在18—23岁(占62．16％)之间，干部意外损伤、交通伤和锐器伤高于战士，军训伤则战士明显高于干部。结论：部队要重视和加强伤害的预防工作。