台风伤害及其影响因素的现场流行病学研究

目的分析台风伤害的危险因素。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法,1:2配对的病例对照研究。对照组选伤害者邻居,按照同职业、同村庄、同性别和年龄±5岁配对。结果台风造成392人受伤住院治疗,50人死亡。伤害罹患率为27．3／10万,伤害致死率为11．3％,伤害死亡率3．1／10万。调查了209名受伤者和31名死亡者。发现伤害主要发生在台风来临前,其中台风来临前1～6小时之间有病例155例,占64．6％。209例伤害病例中,67．5％的病例曾得到过台风预警,但138名应答者中重视预警的只有47人,仅占34．0％。发现“台风来临时不在家中”[调整OR值(MH)=3．9 (95％CI:1．9～7．7)]、“台风来临前未得到预警”[调整OR值(MH)=3．3(95％CI:1．3～8．6)]和“虽得到预警但不重视”[调整OR值(MH)=17(95％CI:4．2～68)]是台风伤害的危险因素。结论外出、不重视预警是台风伤害的危险因素,应加强台风来临的预警宣传力度。     

异丙酚对大鼠胃缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的观察异丙酚对大鼠胃缺血再灌注损伤（gastricischemia—reperfusion injury，GI—RI）的影响。方法30只SD大鼠，随机分为3组，假手术组（S组）、单纯缺血-再灌注组（I—R组）、异丙酚组（P组）。以夹闭大鼠腹腔动脉30min、松开动脉夹恢复血流灌注1h制备GI—RI模型。计算胃黏膜损伤指数，检测胃黏膜超氧化物歧化酶（supemxide dismutase，SOD）活性和丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）含量。结果静脉注入异丙酚后，胃缺血再灌注导致的胃黏膜损伤减轻，胃黏膜损伤指数明显减少，异丙酚组（P组）与缺血一再灌注组（I—R组）比较，胃黏膜中MDA含量下降，SOD活性升高。结论异丙酚对GI—RI具有明显的保护作用。这种保护作用可能是通过异丙酚的抗氧化作用实现的。     

珠海市某农村社区学龄前儿童伤害健康促进的效果评价

目的评价在珠海市某农村社区学龄前儿童中,实施伤害健康促进项目一年后的效果。方法采用整群分层抽样的方法,在实施干预的9个幼儿园中抽样调查211名儿童、298名家长、51名教师,进行儿童伤害相关知识及危险因素调查。结果干预后,家长的儿童伤害急救知识正确率有明显提高(P<0.05);儿童的学习环境、生活环境中伤害危险因素及伤害相关危险行为与习惯存在率均有明显降低(P<0.05)。干预后伤害发生率为13.7%,高于干预前的水平(5.0%,P<0.05);儿童伤害单次平均医疗费为357.6元;单次伤害的间接经济损失平均为526.8元,均较干预前明显减少。结论健康促进策略是预防控制农村学龄前儿童伤害的行之有效的措施。     

单胚胎移植的临床效果分析

目的探讨单胚胎移植的妊娠结局及可行性。方法对上海集爱遗传与不育诊疗中心1999-01-2006-06实施的所有体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)新鲜及冷冻周期中仅有单个胚胎可供移植的共455个周期进行回顾性总结,分析和比较单胚胎移植的妊娠结局与年龄、不孕时间、受精方式、胚胎卵裂球数、胚胎评分、内膜厚度、移植胚胎的天数及新鲜或冷冻胚胎移植的关系。结果单胚胎移植的临床妊娠率18.68%(85/455),无单卵双胎。妊娠与否(1)与年龄无明显相关关系(P>0.05)。(2)与不孕时间相关,妊娠者平均不孕时间为5.53年,未孕者6.73年,P<0.01。(3)与移植时胚胎的卵裂球数目与评分明显相关,妊娠者的平均卵裂球数及评分显著高于未孕组分别为(5.58±2.09)、(4.79±2.19)个;(2.31±0.69)、(2.56±0.73)分,P均<0.01。(4)与移植时胚胎的天数相关,第2(D2)、第3(D3)及第5(D5)天组的临床妊娠率分别为:15.58%,22.75%及26.47%。D3妊娠组所移植胚胎的平均卵裂球数及评分显著高于D2组、P<0.01;另外D5组胚胎达到囊胚的临床妊娠率为40%,而未达囊胚组仅20.83%。(5)IVF与ICSI的单胚胎移植结局无明显差异,临床妊娠率为IVF:20·25%(49/242)及ICSI:16·90%(36/213)。(6)新鲜胚胎(416例)与冷冻胚胎(39例)的单胚胎移植后的临床妊娠率分别为18.27%和23.08%,P>0.05;冷冻组的平均卵裂球数明显多于新鲜胚胎组(P<0.01)。结论IVF-ET周期选择第3天优质胚胎或囊胚行单胚胎移植,可以达到较高的妊娠率并减少多胎妊娠。     

肱骨中段骨折伴有桡神经损伤的手术探查

目的探讨肱骨中段骨折伴有桡神经损伤情况。方法对本院1998~2003年收治的164例肱骨干中段骨折病人进行回顾性研究,分析桡神经在各种骨折类型中的损伤及恢复情况,并应用SPSS11.0对结果进行分析。结果34.0%粉碎性骨折病人,25.0%螺旋型骨折病人,6.98%横行骨折病人出现桡神经损伤,术中探查见除3例粉碎性骨折出现桡神经部分损伤和横断伤之外,其他病人没有明显的桡神经损伤。13例急诊手术的完全性桡神经损伤病人虎口区感觉恢复时间平均为7.9周,肱桡肌和桡侧腕伸肌肌力恢复在伤后9周,完全恢复时间为3.4个月,12例非急诊手术的完全桡神经损伤的病人虎口感觉恢复在伤后9.8周,肱桡肌和桡侧腕伸肌肌力的恢复在伤后12周,完全恢复时间为4.5个月。结论高能量损伤、粉碎性肱骨中段骨折的病人桡神经损伤的可能性大,对于伴有桡神经损伤的肱骨中段骨折病人早期探查桡神经,神经恢复早,闭合复位要注意桡神经卡压损伤的可能。     

Clinical observations on electroacupuncture treatment of unstable bladder

目的:对电针治疗不稳定膀胱进行临床疗效评价.方法:将患者随机分为电针组和对照组,根据治疗前后临床症状积分和生活质量评分的改善情况进行疗效评价.结果:观察指标两组治疗后均较治疗前显著降低(P＜0.05),两组间比较临床症状积分无显著性差异(P＞0.05);生活质量评分电针组较手法组下降明显(P＜0.05).结论:两种治疗方法对不稳定膀胱均有改善,其中电针组生活质量满意度要优于手法组,临床症状积分有低于手法组的趋势.     

浙江省中小学生家长伤害认知情况研究

目的了解浙江省中小学生家长对意外伤害及相关知识的了解程度,为伤害干预提供依据.方法选择浙江省4个县区,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,问卷调查41284位家长.结果 90%以上的家长听说过意外伤害,父母伤害知晓率明显高于爷爷奶奶外公外婆.93.34%的家长认为伤害对孩子的影响很大,97.28%的家长认为有必要对孩子进行各种安全教育,96.54%的家长认为学校应该开设预防意外伤害的教育.38.89%家长经常担心孩子发生意外伤害,75.18%的家长认为有必要进行意外伤害保险.家长们认为最容易发生伤害的前三位是跌伤、车祸和溺水.结论在制定中小学生意外伤害的预防干预措施时,应充分发挥家长的作用.     

Assessing depression severity using the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework depression indicators: a systematic review

BackgroundDepression is a major cause of chronic ill-health and is managed in primary care. Indicators on depression severity assessment were introduced into the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) in 2006 and 2009. QOF is a pay-for-performance scheme and indicators should have evidence to support their use; potential unintended consequences should also have been considered.AimTo review the effectiveness of routine assessment of depression severity using structured tools in primary care, and to determine the views of GPs and patients regarding their use.DesignSystematic review.MethodStudies were identified by searching electronic databases; study selection, data abstraction, and quality assessment were carried out by one reviewer, with checks from other authors and GRADE (grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation) tables completed for included effectiveness studies.ResultsEight studies met the eligibility criteria. There was very low-quality evidence that assessing severity in a structured way at diagnosis using a validated tool led to interventions that were appropriate to the severity of depression. Patients and GPs had different perceptions of the assessment of depression at diagnosis, with patients being more positive. GPs highlighted unintended consequences. There was low-quality evidence that structured assessment at follow-up led to increased rates of remission and response, but changes to management were not seen. Patients used this assessment to measure their own response to treatment.ConclusionAny estimate of the effect of structured assessment of depression severity in UK general practice is uncertain. GPs consider routine use of questionnaires as incentivised by the QOF has unintended consequences, which could adversely affect patient care.     

Preoperative assessment of the risk of postoperative death in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: a consideration beyond age,sex, and stage of cancer

Despite improvements in the management of patients in critical care, about 3% patients who have an operation with curative intent for oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) do not survive their stay in hospital. Our aim was to assess the risk factors for postoperative death that were independent of the stage of the cancer, or the age and sex of the patients. We screened 4760 consecutive inpatients at a maxillofacial tertiary care centre from 2011 to 2016, and 34 of them had died within the first three months after operation. We matched them with a further 34 patients with the same TNM stage, age, and sex. General personal and clinical data and preoperative laboratory values were screened, and we applied a Charlson Comorbidity Score (for anaesthetic risk) for each group. Patients’ mean (SD) age was 66 (12) years old. There was no significant difference in sex (p = 1), age (p = 0.718), or TNM classification. Those who died after operation had significantly more renal (p = 0.027) and gastrointestinal (p = 0.006) diseases, but cardiac diseases (p = 0.468) and diabetes mellitus (p = 1) were not significant risk factors in themselves. Patients who died postoperatively had significantly worse risk scores (p = 0.001) overall. The most common causes of death were septic shock (n = 10) and acute cardiac (n = 9) or respiratory failure (n = 7). Our findings suggested that general diseases were not intrinsically a contraindication for operation with curative intent. The Charlson Comorbidity Score helped to detect potentially fatal courses and could be useful in the preoperative assessment of patients whose general health is not good.